avian influenza - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention
... including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can quickly mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. For example, during a 1999–2001 avian influenza epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 virus, init ...
... including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can quickly mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. For example, during a 1999–2001 avian influenza epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 virus, init ...
DOC - World bank documents
... The Cuban cooperation has a team of veterinarians supporting MARNDR, and is providing training in Cuba for Haitian veterinarians. ...
... The Cuban cooperation has a team of veterinarians supporting MARNDR, and is providing training in Cuba for Haitian veterinarians. ...
Identification and Diagnosis of Newly Emerging Pathogens
... An old/known infectious disease may change its geographic range and emerge in a new location. This is mainly what occurred in the mosquito-borne virus genus Flavivirus including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus. These viruses were spread into new areas by their vectors and th ...
... An old/known infectious disease may change its geographic range and emerge in a new location. This is mainly what occurred in the mosquito-borne virus genus Flavivirus including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus. These viruses were spread into new areas by their vectors and th ...
Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Syndrome in an
... diarrhea. Although the rash of HIV seroconversion is classically described as a macular or morbilliform eruption predominantly on the trunk, cutaneous vasculitis has been described. Histopathology is consistent with a viral exanthem, as in this case.4 The 10-day time course of the patient’s illness ...
... diarrhea. Although the rash of HIV seroconversion is classically described as a macular or morbilliform eruption predominantly on the trunk, cutaneous vasculitis has been described. Histopathology is consistent with a viral exanthem, as in this case.4 The 10-day time course of the patient’s illness ...
abt.2017.79.2.128
... Frequently students will find that their hypothesis was not supported by the simulation. This can result from a number of factors. In our simulation we have a high mutation rate, so this partially randomizes the population of each generation and reduces the impact of selection. It is also at least p ...
... Frequently students will find that their hypothesis was not supported by the simulation. This can result from a number of factors. In our simulation we have a high mutation rate, so this partially randomizes the population of each generation and reduces the impact of selection. It is also at least p ...
Chapter 20 Populations
... o By making changes in this hypothetical model, scientists can predict what might occur in a real population. ...
... o By making changes in this hypothetical model, scientists can predict what might occur in a real population. ...
CH 23 Population Evolution Smallest Unit of Evolution One
... Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations. Three mechanisms cause allele frequency change: Natural selection Genetic drift Gene flow Only natural selection causes adaptive evolution. Genetic Variation Genetic variation among individuals is caused by difference ...
... Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations. Three mechanisms cause allele frequency change: Natural selection Genetic drift Gene flow Only natural selection causes adaptive evolution. Genetic Variation Genetic variation among individuals is caused by difference ...
Pandemic Response Lessons from Influenza H1N1 2009 in Asia
... recommendation to “stop testing, just treat when clinically suspected and indicated”. This was made on July 16 2009, since most influenza like illness (ILI) was by then the outbreak strain of 2009 (H1N1).12 In some countries testing was preventing early treatment initiation which was deemed crucial. ...
... recommendation to “stop testing, just treat when clinically suspected and indicated”. This was made on July 16 2009, since most influenza like illness (ILI) was by then the outbreak strain of 2009 (H1N1).12 In some countries testing was preventing early treatment initiation which was deemed crucial. ...
Viruses
... One characteristic viruses do share with living things is the ability to multiply. However, a virus cannot do this on its own. It depends entirely on the metabolism of a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell to replicate its DNA or RNA and to make protein coats for each newly formed virus particle. Before ...
... One characteristic viruses do share with living things is the ability to multiply. However, a virus cannot do this on its own. It depends entirely on the metabolism of a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell to replicate its DNA or RNA and to make protein coats for each newly formed virus particle. Before ...
Avian Influenza August 2005 - San Francisco Bay Area Advanced
... poultry, including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can quickly mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. For example, during a 1999–2001 avian influenza epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 vi ...
... poultry, including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can quickly mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. For example, during a 1999–2001 avian influenza epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 vi ...
6/30/14 1 The only goal a virus has is to… General characteristics of
... § Composed of subunits - capsomeres § Capsomere proteins can be the same or several different proteins ...
... § Composed of subunits - capsomeres § Capsomere proteins can be the same or several different proteins ...
Negative sense RNA viruses
... - causes epizootics in cattle, swine, & horses; insect & tick hosts also - rapid replication leads to many defective-interfering (DI) particles Genus Lyssavirus - Rabies virus - continuous health problem worldwide - thousands of cases per year - in dogs and cattle in Central & South America; skunks, ...
... - causes epizootics in cattle, swine, & horses; insect & tick hosts also - rapid replication leads to many defective-interfering (DI) particles Genus Lyssavirus - Rabies virus - continuous health problem worldwide - thousands of cases per year - in dogs and cattle in Central & South America; skunks, ...
Chapter 18.notebook
... • Viruses are named for the disease that they cause or are given a code number ...
... • Viruses are named for the disease that they cause or are given a code number ...
Emerging diseases and Global Health Risks
... at more risk if you have had frequent, long-term, or intensive use of antibiotics. Intravenous drug users and persons with long-term illnesses or who are immuno-suppressed are also at increased risk. The infection can develop in an open wound such as a bedsore or when there is a tube such as a urina ...
... at more risk if you have had frequent, long-term, or intensive use of antibiotics. Intravenous drug users and persons with long-term illnesses or who are immuno-suppressed are also at increased risk. The infection can develop in an open wound such as a bedsore or when there is a tube such as a urina ...
Swine Flu Management
... Protocol for acute respiratory syndromes Virology samples sent to Virology Unit, IMR Bacteriology samples are processed in respective hospitals All specimens should be transported in accordance to KKM Guidelines of Transport of Infectious Material. In event of death, post-mortem should be pe ...
... Protocol for acute respiratory syndromes Virology samples sent to Virology Unit, IMR Bacteriology samples are processed in respective hospitals All specimens should be transported in accordance to KKM Guidelines of Transport of Infectious Material. In event of death, post-mortem should be pe ...
Basic Microbiology: Understanding Your Enemies
... cell. It takes over the resources of a host cell (like humans) and makes the host cell make more virus! Bacteria: One-celled living organisms. All bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall. They can reproduce ...
... cell. It takes over the resources of a host cell (like humans) and makes the host cell make more virus! Bacteria: One-celled living organisms. All bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall. They can reproduce ...
Population Genetics — BI 515 — Exam 1, Spring 2014 Answer the
... 1) Variation in population size over time, 2) variation among individuals in offspring production (i.e., greater variation than expected under a Poisson process), 3) a difference in the effective number of ...
... 1) Variation in population size over time, 2) variation among individuals in offspring production (i.e., greater variation than expected under a Poisson process), 3) a difference in the effective number of ...
Natural selection on the molecular level
... The rate of substitution and the degree of polymorphism are too high to be explained by selection alone ...
... The rate of substitution and the degree of polymorphism are too high to be explained by selection alone ...
Viruses and Bacteria
... Many disease-causing viruses have both lytic and (16) __________________ cycles. For example, when HIVs infect (17) ______________________ , the viruses enter a lysogenic cycle. Their genetic material becomes incorporated into the (18) __________________ of the white blood cells, forming (19) ______ ...
... Many disease-causing viruses have both lytic and (16) __________________ cycles. For example, when HIVs infect (17) ______________________ , the viruses enter a lysogenic cycle. Their genetic material becomes incorporated into the (18) __________________ of the white blood cells, forming (19) ______ ...
Upper and lower respiratory tract infectionsard
... 40% to 90% recovery from hands Brief exposure (e.g., handshake) transmits in less than 10% of ...
... 40% to 90% recovery from hands Brief exposure (e.g., handshake) transmits in less than 10% of ...
blank slide with blue background and CDC logo
... oxygen consumption; decreased lung volumes • Immunologic changes – shift away from cellmediated immunity • These changes render pregnant women more susceptible and more severely affected by certain viral pathogens ...
... oxygen consumption; decreased lung volumes • Immunologic changes – shift away from cellmediated immunity • These changes render pregnant women more susceptible and more severely affected by certain viral pathogens ...
Genetically Engineered Foods Plant Virus Resistance
... Alternative formats of this publication are available on request to persons with disabilities who cannot use the printed format. For information call or write the Office of the Director, Cornell Cooperative Extension, 365 Roberts ...
... Alternative formats of this publication are available on request to persons with disabilities who cannot use the printed format. For information call or write the Office of the Director, Cornell Cooperative Extension, 365 Roberts ...
Clinical Virology of Hepatitis B
... system removes the wild type virus infected hepatocytes so that they are replaced with healthy cells. Thus, resistant strains may be detected in plasma before any noticeable change occurs in viral load. The interval between detection of drug-resistant strains in patients treated with lamivudine has ...
... system removes the wild type virus infected hepatocytes so that they are replaced with healthy cells. Thus, resistant strains may be detected in plasma before any noticeable change occurs in viral load. The interval between detection of drug-resistant strains in patients treated with lamivudine has ...
Supplementary File S1.
... allele). Various evolutionary forces such as natural selection and random genetic drift can act upon a derived allele to change its frequency in a population over time. Some derived alleles do not affect the fitness (an individual’s ability to survive and productively reproduce) of the organism and ...
... allele). Various evolutionary forces such as natural selection and random genetic drift can act upon a derived allele to change its frequency in a population over time. Some derived alleles do not affect the fitness (an individual’s ability to survive and productively reproduce) of the organism and ...
COMPUTER SYSTEMS RESEARCH Code Writeup of your program
... basic analysis and testing of this version of your program. I tested whether or not a dynamic mutation rate affected the fitness(proximity to target) of the expressions that were generated. I found that a dynamic mutation rate sometimes produces a better result than a static mutation rate, and somet ...
... basic analysis and testing of this version of your program. I tested whether or not a dynamic mutation rate affected the fitness(proximity to target) of the expressions that were generated. I found that a dynamic mutation rate sometimes produces a better result than a static mutation rate, and somet ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.