Viruses and Bacteria
... 2. A virus IS able to do these things but ONLY inside a host cell. 3. Viruses cause diseases in many organisms. ...
... 2. A virus IS able to do these things but ONLY inside a host cell. 3. Viruses cause diseases in many organisms. ...
What is viral gastroenteritis
... be similar. Your doctor can determine if the diarrhea is caused by a virus or by something else. What are the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis? The main symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting. The affected person may also have headache, fever, and abdominal cramps ("stom ...
... be similar. Your doctor can determine if the diarrhea is caused by a virus or by something else. What are the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis? The main symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting. The affected person may also have headache, fever, and abdominal cramps ("stom ...
Module5: Other RNA viruses
... The envelope proteins are synthesized by the “env” gene following splicing. The proteins (gp 120 and gp41) become glycosylated in the endopolasmic reticulum and transported through Golgi apparatus to the surface of plasma membrane. Gag and Pol are produced as polyprotein which later on are cleaved b ...
... The envelope proteins are synthesized by the “env” gene following splicing. The proteins (gp 120 and gp41) become glycosylated in the endopolasmic reticulum and transported through Golgi apparatus to the surface of plasma membrane. Gag and Pol are produced as polyprotein which later on are cleaved b ...
continuing education for pharmacists Common Cold, Sinusitis, Influenza: The Diseases, Prevention, Treatment
... The cold season begins in late August/September and remains constant until the spring due to the number of viruses. Rhinovirus begins to increase in the early fall. Alternatively, parainfluenza peaks in the late fall and late spring, while RSV and influenza viruses are highest between December and A ...
... The cold season begins in late August/September and remains constant until the spring due to the number of viruses. Rhinovirus begins to increase in the early fall. Alternatively, parainfluenza peaks in the late fall and late spring, while RSV and influenza viruses are highest between December and A ...
Appendix 20: Vaccine Priority Group
... established to meet those needs. Other groups also were not explicitly considered in deliberations on prioritization. These include American citizens living overseas, non-citizens in the U.S., and other groups providing national security services such as the border patrol and customs service. **Stra ...
... established to meet those needs. Other groups also were not explicitly considered in deliberations on prioritization. These include American citizens living overseas, non-citizens in the U.S., and other groups providing national security services such as the border patrol and customs service. **Stra ...
H1N1 Influenza Management in the ICU / HDU
... - Secondary bacterial infections should always be considered and routine tracheal aspirate sampling and routine surveillance should be adhered to. - Streptococcal, staphylococcal and pneumococcal secondary infections have all been reported. ...
... - Secondary bacterial infections should always be considered and routine tracheal aspirate sampling and routine surveillance should be adhered to. - Streptococcal, staphylococcal and pneumococcal secondary infections have all been reported. ...
Text S1.
... individuals. The PI is an estimate of the probability that two unrelated individuals drawn at random will by chance have the same MLG [48]. Individual PI’s are calculated for each locus and an overall PI for all loci is the product of each individual locus PI. PI values between 0.01 – 0.0001 are bel ...
... individuals. The PI is an estimate of the probability that two unrelated individuals drawn at random will by chance have the same MLG [48]. Individual PI’s are calculated for each locus and an overall PI for all loci is the product of each individual locus PI. PI values between 0.01 – 0.0001 are bel ...
No Slide Title
... placebo and comparable to 5 days of oseltamivir in adults (NB: not superior for resistant H1N1 (H275Y)) – Laninamivir (CS-8958): single inhaled doses of 20 mg or 40 mg comparable to 5 days of oseltamivir in adults + children (NB: superior for resistant H1N1 in children) ...
... placebo and comparable to 5 days of oseltamivir in adults (NB: not superior for resistant H1N1 (H275Y)) – Laninamivir (CS-8958): single inhaled doses of 20 mg or 40 mg comparable to 5 days of oseltamivir in adults + children (NB: superior for resistant H1N1 in children) ...
Supplementary information - Proceedings of the Royal Society B
... and relative importance of more particular cases of costs and limits of plasticity can be found ...
... and relative importance of more particular cases of costs and limits of plasticity can be found ...
Document
... There are two types of Genetic Drift: 1. Bottleneck Effect 2. Founder Effect Effects of Genetic drift: • Populations lose genetic variation • With little variation, a population is less likely to have some individuals that will be able to adapt to a changing environment • Any lethal alleles may be c ...
... There are two types of Genetic Drift: 1. Bottleneck Effect 2. Founder Effect Effects of Genetic drift: • Populations lose genetic variation • With little variation, a population is less likely to have some individuals that will be able to adapt to a changing environment • Any lethal alleles may be c ...
Evolutionary Computation
... other words, the possible values for the elements in the vector (e.g., a number between 0 and 5) ...
... other words, the possible values for the elements in the vector (e.g., a number between 0 and 5) ...
Influenza Immunization Guide for Pharmacists
... respiratory droplets from an infected person or direct contact with c ontaminated surfaces. The flu is caused by influenza A and B viruses: • Influenza A viruses are classified according to two different surface antigens. There are three different human subtypes of the Hemagglutinin antigen (H1, H2 ...
... respiratory droplets from an infected person or direct contact with c ontaminated surfaces. The flu is caused by influenza A and B viruses: • Influenza A viruses are classified according to two different surface antigens. There are three different human subtypes of the Hemagglutinin antigen (H1, H2 ...
2. Treatment
... (2) Surface Ag: Polysaccharides that cover the O Ags (e.g. capsule Ag) Main surface Ags: Vi antigen (S. typhi), K antigen (E. coli) Inhibit specific agglutination of O antiserum Associated with invasiveness of enteric bacilli (3) H Ag – flagella protein: Specificity of H antigen is determined by the ...
... (2) Surface Ag: Polysaccharides that cover the O Ags (e.g. capsule Ag) Main surface Ags: Vi antigen (S. typhi), K antigen (E. coli) Inhibit specific agglutination of O antiserum Associated with invasiveness of enteric bacilli (3) H Ag – flagella protein: Specificity of H antigen is determined by the ...
My Friend Has the Flu… FAQ`s
... negative rate of 30 to 90%. This means that, in 100 patients who have the flu, the test will be wrong in 30 to 90 of those patients and read negative when the patient actually does have the flu. For these reasons, you may not be tested by your physician or clinic, especially if your symptoms are ...
... negative rate of 30 to 90%. This means that, in 100 patients who have the flu, the test will be wrong in 30 to 90 of those patients and read negative when the patient actually does have the flu. For these reasons, you may not be tested by your physician or clinic, especially if your symptoms are ...
Text S1.
... sets of experiments (ToMV-L vs. LT1E979K and LT1 vs. LT1E979K) (Figure 7B), we developed a simple model as follows (Figure S3): We assumed that, in all the leaflets co-infected with the two variants, the variant with higher fitness (VH) accumulates with r-fold efficiency to the variant with lower fi ...
... sets of experiments (ToMV-L vs. LT1E979K and LT1 vs. LT1E979K) (Figure 7B), we developed a simple model as follows (Figure S3): We assumed that, in all the leaflets co-infected with the two variants, the variant with higher fitness (VH) accumulates with r-fold efficiency to the variant with lower fi ...
Microorganisms: Viruses
... introduce the fundamentals of viruses, including the fact that they are composed of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA, but never both), proteins, and in some cases, lipids. The DNA or RNA includes just enough instructions (genes) to direct its host cell to make more viruses. Explain also that microbio ...
... introduce the fundamentals of viruses, including the fact that they are composed of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA, but never both), proteins, and in some cases, lipids. The DNA or RNA includes just enough instructions (genes) to direct its host cell to make more viruses. Explain also that microbio ...
Order reduction for an RNA virus evo- lution model
... ODE, such technique is based on the famous Tikhonov’s theorem. The mathematical models in evolutionary biology are usually integro-differential equations and PDE; however the same concepts can be applied to these as well. In this paper, we execute the scale separation for a RNA virus evolution model ...
... ODE, such technique is based on the famous Tikhonov’s theorem. The mathematical models in evolutionary biology are usually integro-differential equations and PDE; however the same concepts can be applied to these as well. In this paper, we execute the scale separation for a RNA virus evolution model ...
Ch. 19 Viruses
... • Recently, a general outbreak (epidemic) of a flulike illness appeared in Mexico and the United States, caused by an influenza virus named H1N1 • Flu epidemics are caused by new strains of influenza virus to which people have little immunity ...
... • Recently, a general outbreak (epidemic) of a flulike illness appeared in Mexico and the United States, caused by an influenza virus named H1N1 • Flu epidemics are caused by new strains of influenza virus to which people have little immunity ...
Viral Pathogenesis Viral Entry
... Interest in viral pathogenesis stems from the desire to treat or eliminate viral diseases that affect humans. This goal is achieved in part by identifying the viral and host genes that influence the production of disease. Progress in understanding the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis comes larg ...
... Interest in viral pathogenesis stems from the desire to treat or eliminate viral diseases that affect humans. This goal is achieved in part by identifying the viral and host genes that influence the production of disease. Progress in understanding the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis comes larg ...
HIV Resistant Mutation
... Why does the CCR5-delta 32 mutation appear in people of European descent only? There is no solid answer to this question yet but many theories have been suggested. What researchers do know is that the mutation has been in the population longer than HIV has been infecting people. How long the mutatio ...
... Why does the CCR5-delta 32 mutation appear in people of European descent only? There is no solid answer to this question yet but many theories have been suggested. What researchers do know is that the mutation has been in the population longer than HIV has been infecting people. How long the mutatio ...
Lesson Plan BISP Characterisation Clothes
... The host cell replicates the genetic material of the virus and produces copies of the protein coat. The new viruses are released from the cell, often by the cell bursting. How are viruses different from other microorganisms (like bacteria)? END OF LESSON 1 START OF LESSON 2 ...
... The host cell replicates the genetic material of the virus and produces copies of the protein coat. The new viruses are released from the cell, often by the cell bursting. How are viruses different from other microorganisms (like bacteria)? END OF LESSON 1 START OF LESSON 2 ...
Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza H5N1 in
... emerged in Thailand, which necessitated the culling of nearly one hundred million domestic poultry. The distinctive feature of this virus is that it can cross from avian species to humans. Molecular characterization of Avian influenza virus H5N1 from this outbreak showed evidence of HPAI on the clea ...
... emerged in Thailand, which necessitated the culling of nearly one hundred million domestic poultry. The distinctive feature of this virus is that it can cross from avian species to humans. Molecular characterization of Avian influenza virus H5N1 from this outbreak showed evidence of HPAI on the clea ...
jmm case reports
... ABSTRACT Up to 250 words summarising the case presentation and outcome (this will be shown on preview and search panes) Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can share the same mosquito vector, and co-infections by these viruses can occur in humans. While infection with these ...
... ABSTRACT Up to 250 words summarising the case presentation and outcome (this will be shown on preview and search panes) Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can share the same mosquito vector, and co-infections by these viruses can occur in humans. While infection with these ...
Natural selection
... Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation: • there must be random mating, • the population must be very large, • there can be no movement into or out of the population, • there can be no mutations, and • there can be no natural selection. ...
... Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation: • there must be random mating, • the population must be very large, • there can be no movement into or out of the population, • there can be no mutations, and • there can be no natural selection. ...
11.1 Genetic Variation Within Population KEY CONCEPT A
... that some individuals will survive. • Genetic variation leads to phenotypic variation. • Phenotypic variation is necessary for natural selection. • Genetic variation is stored in a population’s gene pool. – made up of all alleles in a population – allele combinations form when organisms have offspri ...
... that some individuals will survive. • Genetic variation leads to phenotypic variation. • Phenotypic variation is necessary for natural selection. • Genetic variation is stored in a population’s gene pool. – made up of all alleles in a population – allele combinations form when organisms have offspri ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.