
Microbiology 1: Bacterial Properties
... Flagella and type III secretion – 2 related bacterial multi-protein machines Salmonella: an example of motility and invasion 1. The bacteria are motile outside the epithelial cell 2. A bacterium comes into contact with the surface of epithelial cell 3. At point of contact: the bacteria send a signal ...
... Flagella and type III secretion – 2 related bacterial multi-protein machines Salmonella: an example of motility and invasion 1. The bacteria are motile outside the epithelial cell 2. A bacterium comes into contact with the surface of epithelial cell 3. At point of contact: the bacteria send a signal ...
General Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease
... This course provides learning opportunities in the basic principles of medical microbiology transmission, principles of aseptic practice, and the role of the human body’s normal microflora. The class is divided into four thematic areas: bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Relevant cli ...
... This course provides learning opportunities in the basic principles of medical microbiology transmission, principles of aseptic practice, and the role of the human body’s normal microflora. The class is divided into four thematic areas: bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Relevant cli ...
ARBORICULTURE
... the electron microscope. Their shapes may be fairly long, thin, flexible, hollow threads or short, rigid, hollow rods or small bacilliform ( = bacteria-like) particles or polyhedral, almost spherical particles. Regardless of shape and size, viruses consist primarily of a nucleic acid, which may be a ...
... the electron microscope. Their shapes may be fairly long, thin, flexible, hollow threads or short, rigid, hollow rods or small bacilliform ( = bacteria-like) particles or polyhedral, almost spherical particles. Regardless of shape and size, viruses consist primarily of a nucleic acid, which may be a ...
Wk7- Autophagy
... PKR kinase – phosphorylates eukaryotic translation-initiation factor eIF2α to inhibit and deregulate cellular translation. PKR can also induce autophagy, apoptosis, and activate NF-KB. ICP34.5 – produced by herpes simplex virus 1 to antagonize PKR function by dephosphorylating eIF2α. ...
... PKR kinase – phosphorylates eukaryotic translation-initiation factor eIF2α to inhibit and deregulate cellular translation. PKR can also induce autophagy, apoptosis, and activate NF-KB. ICP34.5 – produced by herpes simplex virus 1 to antagonize PKR function by dephosphorylating eIF2α. ...
INTRODUCTION TO PLANT VIRUSES
... the host cell energy-yielding system; outside the cell they survive by forming infectious elementary bodies about 300 nm in diameter, which is smaller than some pox viruses. Chlamydiae can be grown only where their host cells grow and cannot be propagated in bacterial culture media. Several criteria ...
... the host cell energy-yielding system; outside the cell they survive by forming infectious elementary bodies about 300 nm in diameter, which is smaller than some pox viruses. Chlamydiae can be grown only where their host cells grow and cannot be propagated in bacterial culture media. Several criteria ...
3 Virus Replication Cycles
... adapt to their hosts have been able to exist in nature. This chapter focuses on experiments such as one-step growth curves, which are used to study virus–host interactions. These studies have provided information about the events that occur at each step of the infection cycle (attachment, penetratio ...
... adapt to their hosts have been able to exist in nature. This chapter focuses on experiments such as one-step growth curves, which are used to study virus–host interactions. These studies have provided information about the events that occur at each step of the infection cycle (attachment, penetratio ...
Document
... Bacteria Review: Kingdoms Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaebacteria contain prokaryotes, cells without membranebound organelles. Prokaryotes are microscopic, and most are unicellular. The Archaebacteria are mainly found in extreme environments like the deep oceans, hot springs, and swamps. The E ...
... Bacteria Review: Kingdoms Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaebacteria contain prokaryotes, cells without membranebound organelles. Prokaryotes are microscopic, and most are unicellular. The Archaebacteria are mainly found in extreme environments like the deep oceans, hot springs, and swamps. The E ...
Section 18.2 Summary – pages 484-495
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
Chapter19_Section03_jkedit
... Bacteria can cause food to spoil. Refrigerated food stays fresh longer because the bacteria will take longer to multiply. Boiling, frying, or steaming can sterilize certain ...
... Bacteria can cause food to spoil. Refrigerated food stays fresh longer because the bacteria will take longer to multiply. Boiling, frying, or steaming can sterilize certain ...
19–3 Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses
... Viruses can attack and destroy certain cells in the body, causing symptoms of the disease. Other viruses cause infected cells to change patterns of growth and development. ...
... Viruses can attack and destroy certain cells in the body, causing symptoms of the disease. Other viruses cause infected cells to change patterns of growth and development. ...
Station 3 - Scioly.org
... A student outlined the following steps of the lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection of bacterial cells: 1. Virus lands on host cell. 2. Virus injects the capsid containing its DNA into the cell. 3. Viral DNA is used by bacteria to make virus parts. 4. New viruses are assembled in the bacterial cell ...
... A student outlined the following steps of the lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection of bacterial cells: 1. Virus lands on host cell. 2. Virus injects the capsid containing its DNA into the cell. 3. Viral DNA is used by bacteria to make virus parts. 4. New viruses are assembled in the bacterial cell ...
Viruses and Prokaryotes Chapter 18
... diseases in plants. • Finally, prions are the least likely to be living. These are just proteins that cause other proteins to act incorrectly. ...
... diseases in plants. • Finally, prions are the least likely to be living. These are just proteins that cause other proteins to act incorrectly. ...
Slide 1
... and change it into a useable form that plants can absorb (NH3ammonia.) •Plants use the nitrogen to produce their proteins and DNA. •Some bacteria are photosynthetic and also provide oxygen ...
... and change it into a useable form that plants can absorb (NH3ammonia.) •Plants use the nitrogen to produce their proteins and DNA. •Some bacteria are photosynthetic and also provide oxygen ...
2 INTRODUCTION VIRUSES Viruses are subcellular, infectious
... Viruses are subcellular, infectious agents that are obligate intracellular parasites. This is a fundamental characteristic of all viruses. They infect and take over a host cell in order to replicate. The mature, extracellular virus particle is called a virion. The virion contains a genome that may b ...
... Viruses are subcellular, infectious agents that are obligate intracellular parasites. This is a fundamental characteristic of all viruses. They infect and take over a host cell in order to replicate. The mature, extracellular virus particle is called a virion. The virion contains a genome that may b ...
Questions for Lecture 16 Genomics and Evolution
... Functions for Discrete Domains of Life? Viruses are classified by the type of organism they infect: – Plant viruses almost never infect animals – Bacterial viruses (phages) do not infect animals or plants – Fungal viruses semm highly specialized on fungi. ...
... Functions for Discrete Domains of Life? Viruses are classified by the type of organism they infect: – Plant viruses almost never infect animals – Bacterial viruses (phages) do not infect animals or plants – Fungal viruses semm highly specialized on fungi. ...
Pathology of Infectious Diseases II
... four different IP labs that correspond to the lecture that we did on Tuesday and today. Virology will be presented after the micro exam next week. Today is just an overview. 36. Viruses are much different from bacteria. The simplest viruses are simply nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. Some ...
... four different IP labs that correspond to the lecture that we did on Tuesday and today. Virology will be presented after the micro exam next week. Today is just an overview. 36. Viruses are much different from bacteria. The simplest viruses are simply nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. Some ...
PICORNAVIRIDAE
... - first inactivated vaccine used (Salk 1950’s). - first picornavirus to be sequenced. - first infectious cDNA clone of an animal virus. - first picornavirus structure to be solved. ...
... - first inactivated vaccine used (Salk 1950’s). - first picornavirus to be sequenced. - first infectious cDNA clone of an animal virus. - first picornavirus structure to be solved. ...
ed Life onsists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
... suggested that the disease was caused by unusually small bacteria that were invisible under a microscope. This hypothesis was tested a decade later by Dimitri Ivanowsky, a Russian biologist who passed sap from infected tobacco leaves through a filter designed to remove bacteria. After filtration, th ...
... suggested that the disease was caused by unusually small bacteria that were invisible under a microscope. This hypothesis was tested a decade later by Dimitri Ivanowsky, a Russian biologist who passed sap from infected tobacco leaves through a filter designed to remove bacteria. After filtration, th ...
Chapter 28 Notes
... – Antiviral Drugs • Antibiotics are most effective against viruses • Some antiviral drugs interfere with viral replication • Other antiviral drugs may affect virus attachment • Many times, no drugs are available for viral infections. ...
... – Antiviral Drugs • Antibiotics are most effective against viruses • Some antiviral drugs interfere with viral replication • Other antiviral drugs may affect virus attachment • Many times, no drugs are available for viral infections. ...
Viruses, Bacteria
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
I. Microbes
... 2. Defective virus(缺陷病毒): a defective virus is one that lacks one or more functional genes required for virus replication. defective virus require helper activity from another virus for some step in replication. 3. Interference(干扰现象):The infection of cell by a virus results in that cell becoming res ...
... 2. Defective virus(缺陷病毒): a defective virus is one that lacks one or more functional genes required for virus replication. defective virus require helper activity from another virus for some step in replication. 3. Interference(干扰现象):The infection of cell by a virus results in that cell becoming res ...
Chapter 18 Lecture Slides - Tanque Verde Unified School District
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
... The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell. ...
3.1 Bacteria and Viruses
... first discovered in 1982. • Today it is a global threat; in the United States alone there are 75,000 cases of this infection per year, often from contaminated beef or vegetables that have been fertilized ...
... first discovered in 1982. • Today it is a global threat; in the United States alone there are 75,000 cases of this infection per year, often from contaminated beef or vegetables that have been fertilized ...
Disease Susceptibility and Transmission
... mumps, rabies, Hantavirus, Dengue fever, hemorrhagic fevers, smallpox, yellow fever and many others. • Many common diseases are caused by both bacteria and viruses – hepatitis (although mostly viral), strep throat (although mostly bacterial), pneumonia • Fungus – ringworm, jock itch, athletes foot, ...
... mumps, rabies, Hantavirus, Dengue fever, hemorrhagic fevers, smallpox, yellow fever and many others. • Many common diseases are caused by both bacteria and viruses – hepatitis (although mostly viral), strep throat (although mostly bacterial), pneumonia • Fungus – ringworm, jock itch, athletes foot, ...
The Lassa Virus Nucleoprotein Exhibits Conformational Control of
... Lassa virus is endemic in Western Africa, and is the most common cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, infecting an estimated 300,000-500,000 people annually. It is also the hemorrhagic fever most frequently transported out of Africa to the United States and Europe. Understanding the key proteins of Las ...
... Lassa virus is endemic in Western Africa, and is the most common cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, infecting an estimated 300,000-500,000 people annually. It is also the hemorrhagic fever most frequently transported out of Africa to the United States and Europe. Understanding the key proteins of Las ...
Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.While not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as virions, consist of two or three parts: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of these virus particles range from simple helical and icosahedral forms for some virus species to more complex structures for others. Most virus species have virions that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. The average virion is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium.The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection. However they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as ""organisms at the edge of life"".Viruses spread in many ways; viruses in plants are often transmitted from plant to plant by insects that feed on plant sap, such as aphids; viruses in animals can be carried by blood-sucking insects. These disease-bearing organisms are known as vectors. Influenza viruses are spread by coughing and sneezing. Norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis, are transmitted by the faecal–oral route and are passed from person to person by contact, entering the body in food or water. HIV is one of several viruses transmitted through sexual contact and by exposure to infected blood. The range of host cells that a virus can infect is called its ""host range"". This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many.Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus. Immune responses can also be produced by vaccines, which confer an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection. However, some viruses including those that cause AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but several antiviral drugs have been developed.