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Vertebrate Land Invasions–Past, Present, and Future: An
Vertebrate Land Invasions–Past, Present, and Future: An

... by mudskippers’ pectoral fins while crutching over land, and compared these with GRFs produced by salamander forelimbs and hind limbs during terrestrial walking. The pectoral fins of mudskippers bear comparable proportions of body weight, and have an acceleratory role similar to those of salamanders ...
Circulatory system
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... ■  Gills may project from the pleural! wall, the articulation of the thoracic legs, or thoracic coxae. ■  Hemocyanin (a copper-based) and/or hemoglobin are respiratory pigments (in solution in the blood). ■  Hemolymph is typically colorless. It contains at least two types of! ameboid cells that may ...
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Invertebrate Identification Guide

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CHAPTER 46: ARTHROPODS
CHAPTER 46: ARTHROPODS

... The arthropods were the first animals to exhibit jointed appendages. With the advent of rigid exoskeletons, jointed appendages were necessary to allow efficient movement in a terrestrial environment. These appendages are modified into various types of antennae, mouthparts, and legs. Although they la ...
Chapter 27
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arthropods, amphibians, and reptiles

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Chapter 1 The Vertebrate Story

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Animals - Killeen ISD
Animals - Killeen ISD

... – B. Spend little energy making babies, but lots of energy protecting the young – C. Spend lots of energy making gametes, but no energy raising the babies that form – D. Spend lots of energy producing many gametes and protecting the babies that form ...
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... greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches, and ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human. They can go without food or water for more than 10 years, drying out to the point where they are 3% or less water, only to rehydrate, forage, and reprodu ...
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Evolution of Animal Body Plan

... Scorpions, Millipedes, Centipedes) • Millipedes and centipedes have • Arthropods that have eight cylindrical bodies made of many legs include spiders, repeating segments with distinct scorpions, ticks, and mites. heads and posteriors and a They are also called chitinous exoskeleton. arachnids. In ar ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems

... • An animal's skeleton provides a framework that supports the animal's body and is vital to an animal's movement. • Many soft-bodied invertebrates, such as jellyfish, have a hydrostatic skeleton, which is a water-filled cavity that is under pressure. • An exoskeleton is a rigid external skeleton tha ...
Crawfish/Crayfish Dissection Prelab Notes
Crawfish/Crayfish Dissection Prelab Notes

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Phylum of Arthropoda
Phylum of Arthropoda

...  Arthropods have segmented bodies with some or all of the segments bearing jointed appendages such as Antenna and legs  They all have an exoskeleton. For example, in insects, the body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.  The digestive system in most arthropods have three main ...
Crustacea
Crustacea

... themselves around using their long limbs or tentacles.  Sand dollars don’t have limbs or tube feet…. But have very short ___________________ which help them _____________________________________________________.  Sea Cucumbers live on the _________________________________. They don’t have spines, ...
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Terrestrial locomotion



Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animalsLegged - Moving by using appendagesLimbless locomotion - moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure.Rolling - rotating the body over the substrate
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