Download arthropods, amphibians, and reptiles

ARTHROPODS,
AMPHIBIANS,
AND REPTILES
BY: SKYLAR
MILLER, CORINNE
MAMMARELLA, AND
CASEY JACK
Reptiles
HOW ARE REPTILES DIFFERENT
FROM OTHER ANIMALS?
Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates who are distinguished from
other animals because of having a
dry scaly skin. Reptiles also lay eggs
on land.
REPTILE REPRODUCTION
Reptiles are vertebrates that lay
eggs on land. Their eggs are already fertilized once they come
out of the female body. The egg
has everything the embryo needs
to survive and develop, including
food, water, calcium for its bones,
and an air chamber encased in a
tough cover.
Reptiles
HOW REPTILES GET THEIR FOOD
Some reptiles are burrowers. That
means they ’re either blind or they
have a protective scale over top of
their eyes. Instead of eyesight, reptiles use sense of touch and smell to
identify their prey. All reptiles have
jaws, and that is what they use to
catch their prey. Although some reptiles, like turtles, have no teeth, so
they use their beaks to crush their
food. Reptiles have excellent eyesight. They sense their prey
through movement. Some reptiles,
especially those that are vegetarians, use a combination of sense of
smell and eyesight to detect and cap-
reptiles
HOW REPTILES HAVE ADAPTED TO
LAND
Reptiles have adapted to land because they have thick
skin with scales that
helps to keep in moisture. They also use
their surroundings to
control their temperature, otherwise, they
can’t get enough blood
flow. Reptiles have adapted by being born with fully developed lungs,
and they have developed legs to
get around on land.
TYPES OF REPTILES
ARTHROPODS
Did you know arthropods are the
largest group of animals in the world?
About 75% of animal species are arthropods. They have four main characteristics
in common: an exoskeleton, jointed limbs,
specialized parts, and a well developed
nervous system.
The largest group of arthropods are insects, you know the freaky looking bugs.
There are many more groups, like centipedes, millipedes, arachnids, and crustaceans. Mollusks are another type of arthropod and they move by a foot and eat
through a mouthpart called a mandible.
Even earth worms are arthropods and they
help benefit the soil. They do this by breaking down plant and animal material in the
soil. Then, they leave behind waste causing
a casting. Finally, that casting gets the soil
richer. Also, arthropods only have three
parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen.
ARTHRPODS
An exoskeleton, also known as suit of
armor, supports and helps move an arthropod. It helps move it by having a connection
to the muscle and when the muscle contracts the exoskeleton moves causing the
rest of the body to move. An endoskeleton
is an internal skeleton.
Jointed limbs make it a lot easier for
the arthropods to move and bend easily at
joints like legs, arms, and other parts of the
body.
Specialized parts of arthropods are
claws, antennae, wings, pincers, and gills
making it easier to move and catch food.
In some arthropods, such as centipedes, they have segmented bodies. Nearly every segment is identical except for the
head and tail segment.
Arthropods
Centipedes and millipedes
have a few things in common
like one pair of an antennae , a
hard head, and one par of mandibles. They have one major difference is that centipedes have one
pair of legs on each segment.
Centipedes could range from 30354 legs on there entire body.
While a millipede has two pairs
of legs on each segment. The
most legs recorded on a millipede was 752, that’s crazy! Another difference is that centipedes eat other animals while
millipedes eat plants.
Arthropods
INSECTS
Did you know the largest group of arthropods
could all put together and would weigh more
than every other animal combined! Yes, you
must be thinking of insects by now. Did you
know insects live in every inch of the earth except for the ocean? Even fresh water rivers
and lakes you kind find insects ,but not the
ocean. Insects have three parts: the head, the
thorax, and the abdomen. Every insect also has
six legs. On the head of an insect you will find
a pair of antennae, a pair of compound eyes,
and mandibles just like crustaceans. Insects go
through a process called metamorphosis.
Most insects go through complete metamorphosis involving four stages: the eggs, the larva, the pupa, and the adult which is a very
complex change. Some insects like grasshoppers and cockroaches go through incomplete
metamorphosis involving three stages: the
egg, the nymph, and the adult which is less
complicated.
Arthropods
ARACHNIDS
Arachnids have more species
than any other kind of arthropod.
Arachnids have two main body
parts: the abdomen and the cephalothorax which is both head and
thorax. Most arachnids have four
pairs of legs and a pair of simple
eyes. Simple eyes can only detect
light while compound eyes detect
images, meaning the arachnids cant
detect images just light. They don't
have an antennae or mandibles, a
mouthpart, instead they have a pair
of claw like mouthparts called chelicerae. Some examples of arachnids are ticks, spiders, scorpions,
and mites.
Amphibians
Description of Amphibians:

Amphibians are vertebrate animals.

They reproduce sexually and they lay
eggs.

Amphibians are different from other
animals too.

They can live in the land and they can
go in the water.

Amphibians have Lungs.

Lungs are saclike organs that take in
air and deliver it to blood.

Amphibians come in many different
colors too.

Scientists divide amphibians into 3
groups– Frogs and Toads, Salamanders, and Caecilians.

The word Amphibian means double
life.
Amphibians
Where they live:

Amphibians are organisms that live
part of their life on land and part of
their life in the water.

They lay their eggs in the water.

Amphibians’ eggs do not have a shell
or membrane, so they need to adapt
to a wet environment.

The embryos develop a wet environment.

They have lungs and legs which help
them live on land too.

Some amphibians have no lungs, so
they get their oxygen through their
spring.

Amphibians have thin skin, which
helps them absorb water instead of
drinking it.

They also can lose water through
their skin, and get dehydrated.

This is how amphibians adapted to
living their life on both water and on
land.
Amphibians
Surviving in the wild:

Amphibians have brightly colored
skin which makes other animals stay
away.

Bright colors are a detector of poison that is in their glands.

Some amphibians (such as the poison arrow frog) have some of the
most deadly toxins on earth.

For food, amphibians are consumers
and consist of carnivores (such as
frogs), and Herbivores (such as iguanas).

They mostly eat flies and small insects. They also eat algae, plants, or
even small animals.

Amphibians have many predators.

Adult amphibian predators include
snakes, birds, and mammals.

Birds, Fish, Snakes, and small aquatic animals feed on amphibian larvae.

Caecilians can also hide in small burrows.
Amphibians
Reproduction:

Amphibians reproduce in a cycle.

They usually mate on wet, rainy days.

The eggs are made of a jelly like covering and are normally left unguarded.

First, in a frog, The eggs are laid,
and become a tadpoles.

Tadpoles are immature frog or toad
that mist live in the water.

Next, the tadpole begins to feed and
grow legs. It also loses its gills and
grows lungs.

Then, the tail and gills disappear,
and the lungs become functional.

Finally, it becomes an adult frog.

Metamorphosis is the change from
an immature frog to an adult frog.
Amphibians
Salamanders:

There are 500 species of known salamanders.

They live under things, such as
stones or logs, in the woods.

Salamanders are found in North
America.

They do not develop as tadpoles.

They lose gills and develop lungs
though.

Some even live their entire life in the
water.

They range from a few centimeters,
to 1.5 meters long.
Amphibians
Caecilians:

These amphibians are not that popular.

Nearly 160 species of Caecilians
were discovered.

They live in tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and South America.

They look like earthworms or snakes.

Caecilians have thin, moist skin.

They do not have legs.

Caecilians have bony scales too.
Amphibians
Frogs and Toads:

Frogs and toads make up about 90%
of amphibian population.

Frogs and toads are also very similar.

Except for cold places, they live all
over the world, including deserts,
rainforests, and our climate.

They are adapted to life on land.

Frogs and toads have highly skilled
vocal cords for calling, and ears for
receiving calls.

Long, sticky tongues are needed for
capturing food.

Singing Frogs are a big part of Frogs
and Toads.
All Vocabulary
Invertebrate– animals without a backbone.
Gut– a pouch lined with cells that release chemicals that break down food into
smaller particles.
Coelom– the body captivity that surrounds the gut.
Ganglion– a concentrated mass of
nerve cells.
Incomplete Metamorphosis– the life cycle of certain insects that include three stages; the egg, the nymph, and the adult.
Simple eye– an eye that has a single
lends.
Antenna– a feeler that senses touch,
taste, or smell.
Compound Eye– an eye that is made of
many identical light sensitive units.
Complete Metamorphosis-most insects
go through a complex change in their life
which includes four stages; the egg, the larva, the pupa, and the adult.
Tadpole– an immature frog or toad that
must live in water.
Vocal sac-a thin-walled sac of skin
Lung– a saclike organ that takes oxygen from the air to the blood.
Vertebrate– animals with a backbone.
All Vocabulary
Metamorphosis-a phase in the life cycle
of animals during a rapid change from
immature to an adult.
Allantois– stores the embryo’s
waste and passes oxygen to the embryo
through pores in the shell.
Cartilage-tough material that’s
very flexible.
Endotherm– animals that have a
stable body temperature.
Ectotherm–animals that needs
sources of heat outside of it.
Amniotic sac- filled with fluid that
surrounds and protects the embryo.
Ecological indicator-a name for
amphibians that have changed due to
the ecosystem.
Albumen– provides water and protein to the embryo.
Amphibians
Links:
CLICK HERE for a game on
amphibians’ reproduction.
CLICK HERE for fun facts
about amphibians.
CLICK HERE to see why amphibians are environmental
indicators.
REPTILES
To learn more about reptiles
visit these websites and fun
games!
Fun Facts about Reptiles
Videos on Reptiles
Pictures and facts about
Reptiles
Arthropods
Links:
CLICK HERE for a sight on
arthropods.
CLICK HERE for fun facts
about arthropods.
THANK
YOU!!!