Bacterial Contamination of Animal Feed and Its Relationship to
... Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the “farm-to-fork” model. The emergence of variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease has raised awareness of the importance of contaminated animal feed, but less attention has been paid to the role of bacterial contamination of animal feed in human ...
... Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the “farm-to-fork” model. The emergence of variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease has raised awareness of the importance of contaminated animal feed, but less attention has been paid to the role of bacterial contamination of animal feed in human ...
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD):Layout 1
... Scrapie, a TSE of domestic sheep, has been recognized in the United States since 1947, and it is possible that CWD was derived from scrapie. It is possible, though never proven, that deer came into contact with scrapie-infected sheep either on shared pastures or in captivity somewhere along the fron ...
... Scrapie, a TSE of domestic sheep, has been recognized in the United States since 1947, and it is possible that CWD was derived from scrapie. It is possible, though never proven, that deer came into contact with scrapie-infected sheep either on shared pastures or in captivity somewhere along the fron ...
Epidemiological effects of badger vaccination
... reduced inside RBCT culling areas; but their territorial and ranging behaviour were also affected ...
... reduced inside RBCT culling areas; but their territorial and ranging behaviour were also affected ...
2004 2013 2005 2006
... This issue illustrates CAHFS’ continued commitment to its core mission, as the first warning system to protect California and the nation’s animal agriculture through disease surveillance and diagnostics. Critical to CAHFS’ ability to achieve this mission is its participation in the three major natio ...
... This issue illustrates CAHFS’ continued commitment to its core mission, as the first warning system to protect California and the nation’s animal agriculture through disease surveillance and diagnostics. Critical to CAHFS’ ability to achieve this mission is its participation in the three major natio ...
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): A review emphasizing on Iran perspective
... (Ridpath, 2012). Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and wild animals, such as deer and wild boars, can be infected with BVDV, and these animals may act as an important source of infection (Liu et al., 2009; KrametterFroetscher et al., 2010). In cattle, reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and other body sy ...
... (Ridpath, 2012). Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and wild animals, such as deer and wild boars, can be infected with BVDV, and these animals may act as an important source of infection (Liu et al., 2009; KrametterFroetscher et al., 2010). In cattle, reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and other body sy ...
Leptospirosis in the Azores: the Rodent Connection
... In livestock, leptospirosis can cause abortion, stillbirth, weakness among neonates, reduced milk production, and death. In humans, the disease can cause diarrhea, chills, vomiting, myalgia, kidney damage, and occasionally, death. Various antibiotics are used to treat infected humans, and the severi ...
... In livestock, leptospirosis can cause abortion, stillbirth, weakness among neonates, reduced milk production, and death. In humans, the disease can cause diarrhea, chills, vomiting, myalgia, kidney damage, and occasionally, death. Various antibiotics are used to treat infected humans, and the severi ...
disease risk assessment - Ministry for Primary Industries
... FMD in cattle and pigs1 . It is primarily an infection of cattle, horses and pigs but sheep and other species including man can be affected. Infection occurs via trans-cutaneous and trans-mucosal routes. Epidemics are seasonal and associated with the presence of virus in biting arthropods indicating ...
... FMD in cattle and pigs1 . It is primarily an infection of cattle, horses and pigs but sheep and other species including man can be affected. Infection occurs via trans-cutaneous and trans-mucosal routes. Epidemics are seasonal and associated with the presence of virus in biting arthropods indicating ...
Outbreaks of Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in Flocks of Battery
... confirmed that the attempted treatment claims cannot stand for control of IBD. The observed morbidity and mortality are suggestive of vIBD and agree with the report by Asif et al. [39], Mbuko et al. [12, 28], El-Mahdy et al. [27], and Ezeibe et al. [40] that chickens infected with virulent IBDV coul ...
... confirmed that the attempted treatment claims cannot stand for control of IBD. The observed morbidity and mortality are suggestive of vIBD and agree with the report by Asif et al. [39], Mbuko et al. [12, 28], El-Mahdy et al. [27], and Ezeibe et al. [40] that chickens infected with virulent IBDV coul ...
ibd_helal
... The disease was described as a specific new disease by (Cosgnove 1962) and was referred to as avian nephrosis. Later it was termed as infectious bursal disease referring to the specific lesion caused by the disease in cloacal bursa (Hitchner, 1970) The acute IBD emerged in the late 1980s (Jack wood ...
... The disease was described as a specific new disease by (Cosgnove 1962) and was referred to as avian nephrosis. Later it was termed as infectious bursal disease referring to the specific lesion caused by the disease in cloacal bursa (Hitchner, 1970) The acute IBD emerged in the late 1980s (Jack wood ...
Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks
... 2013) of 12 102 outbreaks of 215 human infectious diseases, comprising more than 44 million total cases occurring in 219 nations (table 1). The data are curated as prose records of confirmed outbreaks in the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) and are accessible via su ...
... 2013) of 12 102 outbreaks of 215 human infectious diseases, comprising more than 44 million total cases occurring in 219 nations (table 1). The data are curated as prose records of confirmed outbreaks in the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) and are accessible via su ...
2010 Annual Summary of Reportable Infectious Diseases for Cuyahoga County, Ohio
... Data in this report are presented primarily as counts of cases or as incidence rates per 100,000 persons. Incidence rates are the number of new cases of a disease within a specified time period divided by the total population at risk in that time period. When the term “rate” is used alone, it can be ...
... Data in this report are presented primarily as counts of cases or as incidence rates per 100,000 persons. Incidence rates are the number of new cases of a disease within a specified time period divided by the total population at risk in that time period. When the term “rate” is used alone, it can be ...
D. Carleton Gajdusek - Nobel Lecture
... Kuru was the first chronic degenerative disease of man shown to be a slow virus infection, with incubation periods measured in years and with a progressive accumulative pathology always leading to death. This established that virus infections of man could, after long delay, produce chronic degenerat ...
... Kuru was the first chronic degenerative disease of man shown to be a slow virus infection, with incubation periods measured in years and with a progressive accumulative pathology always leading to death. This established that virus infections of man could, after long delay, produce chronic degenerat ...
UNCONVENTIONAL VIRUSES AND THE ORIGIN AND DISAPPEARANCE OF KURU
... Kuru was the first chronic degenerative disease of man shown to be a slow virus infection, with incubation periods measured in years and with a progressive accumulative pathology always leading to death. This established that virus infections of man could, after long delay, produce chronic degenerat ...
... Kuru was the first chronic degenerative disease of man shown to be a slow virus infection, with incubation periods measured in years and with a progressive accumulative pathology always leading to death. This established that virus infections of man could, after long delay, produce chronic degenerat ...
... cross-reactivity in the diagnosis test used (VN), not being possible to differentiate between antibodies and viral species. Thus, some animals seropositive to BoHV-1 may alternatively be positive for BoHV-5. Even so, the diagnostic test used in this study is considered standard for the BoHV-1 diagno ...
1. Basic Concepts in the Transmission of Communicable Diseases
... As you will recall from the Module on Health Education, Advocacy and Community Mobilisation, health is defined as a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not the mere absence of disease. The term disease refers to a disturbance in the normal functioning of the body and is used ...
... As you will recall from the Module on Health Education, Advocacy and Community Mobilisation, health is defined as a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not the mere absence of disease. The term disease refers to a disturbance in the normal functioning of the body and is used ...
Disease Fact Sheets - University of Illinois Agricultural Education
... of cattle and humans. Most scientists believe that it is caused by an abnormal protein in brain tissue, called a prion (PRY-on), that can cause fatal disease when eaten. As of 2005, two cases of BSE have been confirmed in the United States. One case was found in a cow imported from Canada. The second ...
... of cattle and humans. Most scientists believe that it is caused by an abnormal protein in brain tissue, called a prion (PRY-on), that can cause fatal disease when eaten. As of 2005, two cases of BSE have been confirmed in the United States. One case was found in a cow imported from Canada. The second ...
animal health - Fødevarestyrelsen
... of diseases since the competent authority will impose movement restrictions on holdings and individual animals should a suspected case arise or a notifiable disease break out. Restrictions will also be imposed in case of failure to comply with the provisions on animal identification and registration ...
... of diseases since the competent authority will impose movement restrictions on holdings and individual animals should a suspected case arise or a notifiable disease break out. Restrictions will also be imposed in case of failure to comply with the provisions on animal identification and registration ...
Equine Herpes Virus-1 (EHV-1)
... Bayern, Germany. This affected animal was in contact with four susceptible individuals. The source of the outbreak is not currently known, but control measures including movement restrictions, quarantine and surveillance have been implemented throughout the country. The positive diagnosis was confir ...
... Bayern, Germany. This affected animal was in contact with four susceptible individuals. The source of the outbreak is not currently known, but control measures including movement restrictions, quarantine and surveillance have been implemented throughout the country. The positive diagnosis was confir ...
May/June 2005: Volume 33, Number 3 (PDF: 108KB/16 pages)
... C. If a medical laboratory forwards clinical materials out of state for testing, the originating medical laboratory retains the duty to comply with this subpart, either by: (1) reporting the results and submitting the clinical materials to the commissioner; or (2) ensuring that the results are repor ...
... C. If a medical laboratory forwards clinical materials out of state for testing, the originating medical laboratory retains the duty to comply with this subpart, either by: (1) reporting the results and submitting the clinical materials to the commissioner; or (2) ensuring that the results are repor ...
actors, musicians and scientists unite to create a lyme free world
... Proceeds from the Gala will fund critically important research and education Greenwich, CT, March 2009 – Time for Lyme (TFL), a research, education and advocacy group will bring together an inspiring group of actors, musicians and scientists at its bi-annual gala fundraiser for Lyme disease research ...
... Proceeds from the Gala will fund critically important research and education Greenwich, CT, March 2009 – Time for Lyme (TFL), a research, education and advocacy group will bring together an inspiring group of actors, musicians and scientists at its bi-annual gala fundraiser for Lyme disease research ...
Epidemiology, disease and control of infections in ruminants by
... CapHV-334 and CapLHV34. Discovery of novel MCF viruses has depended on targeting viral DNA polymerase gene with specific sequences for the PCR-based detection of new herpesviruses34. CerHV-3 causes classical MCF in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)33 while CapHV-2 which is carried by goats, ...
... CapHV-334 and CapLHV34. Discovery of novel MCF viruses has depended on targeting viral DNA polymerase gene with specific sequences for the PCR-based detection of new herpesviruses34. CerHV-3 causes classical MCF in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)33 while CapHV-2 which is carried by goats, ...
FURTHER EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL
... Therefore, methods more sensitive than isolation of mycoplasmas by cultivation will be needed to exclude animals carrying M. conjunctivae and to prevent reinfection of flocks with the agent (Giacometti and others 1999). Taking account of the costs of medication and need for special nursing during th ...
... Therefore, methods more sensitive than isolation of mycoplasmas by cultivation will be needed to exclude animals carrying M. conjunctivae and to prevent reinfection of flocks with the agent (Giacometti and others 1999). Taking account of the costs of medication and need for special nursing during th ...
epizootic lymphangitis
... harness equipment. Contaminated bedding should be burned. The organism may persist in the environment for many months. Epizootic lymphangitis is a chronic disease. Many mildly affected horses recover. Those that do are reputedly immune for life — a belief that has led to a premium being placed in en ...
... harness equipment. Contaminated bedding should be burned. The organism may persist in the environment for many months. Epizootic lymphangitis is a chronic disease. Many mildly affected horses recover. Those that do are reputedly immune for life — a belief that has led to a premium being placed in en ...
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease (encephalopathy) in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. BSE has a long incubation period, about 2.5 to 8 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible. BSE is caused by a misfolded protein--a prion. In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 180,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication program.The disease may be most easily transmitted to human beings by eating food contaminated with the brain, spinal cord or digestive tract of infected carcasses. However, the infectious agent, although most highly concentrated in nervous tissue, can be found in virtually all tissues throughout the body, including blood. In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by June 2014 it had killed 177 people in the United Kingdom, and 52 elsewhere. Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.A British and Irish inquiry into BSE concluded the epizootic was caused by cattle, which are normally herbivores, being fed the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The cause of BSE may be from the contamination of MBM from sheep with scrapie that were processed in the same slaughterhouse. The epidemic was probably accelerated by the recycling of infected bovine tissues prior to the recognition of BSE. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures at which it remains viable, over 600 °C (about 1100 °F). This contributed to the spread of the disease in the United Kingdom, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves.