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F324 summary - Macmillan Academy
F324 summary - Macmillan Academy

... • Novel, useful molecules can be synthesised using organic chemistry. • A chiral molecule is more difficult to synthesise since many other optical isomers may also form – costly in money and time to separate or resolve the isomers. • Enzymes, bacteria, chiral catalysts and chiral-starting points (e. ...
On weathering and alteration of rocks
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... Weathering refers to the various processes of physical disintegration and chemical decomposition that occur when rocks at the Earth's surface are subjected to physical, chemical, and biological processes induced or modified by wind, water, and climate. These processes produce soil, unconsolidated ro ...
Impact of Acid Rain on Human Health
Impact of Acid Rain on Human Health

... deposition, which has two parts: wet and dry. Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry ...
Earth Systems
Earth Systems

... 58. What happens as a tsunami approaches shore? 59. What causes tides? Ch 22- The Atmosphere 60. What are the percentages of the two primary gases in the atmosphere? 61. Why is the ozone layer important and what chemicals may destroy it? 62. In which layer does most weather occur? 63. What is albedo ...
Our Ever Changing Earth
Our Ever Changing Earth

... from one place to another. There are two types of weathering: physical weathering and chemical weathering. Both may be happening at the same time. An example of physical weathering is where water freezes, expands, and opens up cracks in the rock surface. Wind is another example of physical weatherin ...
Sedimentary Rock Formation
Sedimentary Rock Formation

... 1. sediments-small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things. 2. weathering-wearing away or breaking down into smaller and smaller pieces 3. erosion-moving, transporting, or carrying away sediments to another place (caused mostly by wind, water, or ice) 4. deposition-place of s ...
Lithosphere
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... These rocks consist of large crystals scattered on a Background of much smaller crystals ...
Changes to Earth`s Surface
Changes to Earth`s Surface

... _________ are Earth’s highest landforms and form as the crust ______, ________ and _______ upward because of movement of Earth’s plates Most of the highest mountains form where ________ ________ collide As the plates push together, their edges _______ and ______ into mountains, and the _________, Ea ...
2.CE417-Ch2
2.CE417-Ch2

... b) How many bank cubic yards (BCY) or meters (BCM) and compacted cubic yards (CCY) or meters (CCM) are contained in 1 million loose cubic yards (593,300 LCM) of this soil? ...
TOP 50 ASTRONOMY FACTS
TOP 50 ASTRONOMY FACTS

... 1. Geology is the study of rocks. We study rocks to determine the history of the earth. When you know history, you can predict the future. 2. Minerals are the main ingredient of rocks. Rocks are made up of 1 or more minerals. 3. There are about 3,000 minerals on Earth. 4. Minerals can be made up of ...
Chem Reactions (and Balancing Equations)
Chem Reactions (and Balancing Equations)

... •What Happened to the Other Oxygen Atom? •This equation is not balanced! •Two hydrogen atoms from a hydrogen molecule (H2) combines with one of the oxygen atoms from an oxygen molecule (O2) to form H2O. Then, the remaining oxygen atom combines with two more hydrogen atoms (from another H2 molecule) ...
General Geology
General Geology

... the rocks and minerals which compose it, the processes which are constantly changing it, the concepts of relative and absolute time, the risks associated with geologic hazards, and the role of geology in shaping man’s environment. The course presents the tools, methods and approach employed by pract ...
The 4th International Symposium on Soil Water
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... organizations, as well as individual efforts for detailed field calibration methods under different types of soils. Specialized manufacturers should be ready to supply new robust, accurate real-time multiparameter soil profile monitoring (1- 2m depth) probes to equip the current and future agrometeo ...
Chapter_3_Revised - Earth and Space Science GIS and stuff
Chapter_3_Revised - Earth and Space Science GIS and stuff

... The general susceptibility of rock minerals to weathering is the inverse of the sequence in which they form deep within the earth. Rocks that formed at the greatest temperatures and pressures are furthest from equilibrium at surface conditions and are therefore most susceptible to weathering when ex ...
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honors final key

... 12. A) Predict products and B) Write a complete balanced chemical equation for the following equations. C) Indicate whether reaction will or will not occur. D) Indicate WHY. E) Indicate type of reaction. a. Ammonium hydroxide rapidly decomposes in the presence heat to form ammonia and water heat ...
mulches in the landscape
mulches in the landscape

... fertilizer will be needed. Do not incorporate this mulch into the soil as its high carbon content will cause a nitrogen deficiency in plants. This mulch can be obtained free from many tree services or municipal landscapers. 5. Brick Mini-Nuggets—This crushed brick material is readily available in th ...
Zimbabwe - Liberal Arts @ IUPUI
Zimbabwe - Liberal Arts @ IUPUI

... mean of rainfall in the past 10 years has been the greatest in 90 years, and rainfall has been steadily decreasing. Zimbabwe’s tropical climate is also at threat, with deforestation increasing by 16 percent in the past 10 years. From 1990 to 2005 alone, 21 percent of Zimbabwe’s forest cover eroded. ...
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Soil pH for Plants

... soil. Plants take up these available forms of inorganic nitrogen ( NO3- and NH4+ ) so they can grow. Unfortunately, these forms of nitrogen are not always used by plants because they either get onto clay particles in soil, they leach into the groundwater because they cannot be absorbed by the soil, ...
Water in Soil
Water in Soil

... 1. Slug Test (Bail Test) also referred to as the Hzorslev Method K = r2 ln(L/R) 2LT0.37 Where: r = radius of well R = radius of bore hole L = length of screened section T0.37 = the time it take for the water level to rise or fall to 37% of the initial change ...
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical Reactions and Equations

... calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid yield calcium chloride and carbonic acid CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3 ...
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6.3 Active Reading

... All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevents water loss. Sharp sp ...
active reading activty
active reading activty

... All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevents water loss. Sharp sp ...
Mineral Nutrition
Mineral Nutrition

... Reproduction: avoid extinction at death Behavior: short term response to stimuli Evolution: long term adaptation ...
Earth
Earth

... 1. Igneous Rocks (Fact: Igneous means “fiery”) a. How they form: When magma reaches the surface, it becomes lava. b. This hot, molten rock cools and hardens to form igneous rock. c. Characteristics: Igneous rocks vary in size, shape, color, and texture. Examples: basalt, pumice, obsidian ...
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Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon ""soil"" or ""earth"" and σφαίρα sfaíra ""sphere"") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The sum total of all the organisms, soils, water and air is termed as the ""pedosphere"". The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on this planet. There is a realization that the pedosphere needs to be distinctly recognized as a dynamic interface of all terrestrial ecosystems and be integrated into the Earth System Science knowledge base.The pedosphere acts as the mediator of chemical and biogeochemical flux into and out of these respective systems and is made up of gaseous, mineralic, fluid and biologic components. The pedosphere lies within the Critical Zone, a broader interface that includes vegetation, pedosphere, groundwater aquifer systems, regolith and finally ends at some depth in the bedrock where the biosphere and hydrosphere cease to make significant changes to the chemistry at depth. As part of the larger global system, any particular environment in which soil forms is influenced solely by its geographic position on the globe as climatic, geologic, biologic and anthropogenic changes occur with changes in longitude and latitude.The pedosphere lies below the vegetative cover of the biosphere and above the hydrosphere and lithosphere. The soil forming process (pedogenesis) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of biologic reactions. Soil formation begins with the chemical and/or physical breakdown of minerals to form the initial material that overlies the bedrock substrate. Biology quickens this by secreting acidic compounds (dominantly fulvic acids) that help break rock apart. Particular biologic pioneers are lichen, mosses and seed bearing plants but many other inorganic reactions take place that diversify the chemical makeup of the early soil layer. Once weathering and decomposition products accumulate, a coherent soil body allows the migration of fluids both vertically and laterally through the soil profile causing ion exchange between solid, fluid and gaseous phases. As time progresses, the bulk geochemistry of the soil layer will deviate away from the initial composition of the bedrock and will evolve to a chemistry that reflects the type of reactions that take place in the soil.
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