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Principles of Ecology
Principles of Ecology

...  Competition- occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use a resource in same place at same time  Predation- interaction where one organism captures and feeds on another organism  Predator- the one doing the killing and eating  Prey- the one that gets dominated ...
Presentation: Biological Diversity - Harvard Life Science Outreach
Presentation: Biological Diversity - Harvard Life Science Outreach

... The rich variety of the natural world that Charles Darwin memorably imagined as an "entangled bank", and that E. O. Wilson labeled "biodiversity", is in crisis. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) calculates that one-fifth of mammals and nearly one-third of amphibians are thre ...
Name
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... 2. The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms is called _______________. 3. One rabbit is an example of a ___________ (species/population/community). 4. A group of the same rabbits living in the same area is called ______________ (species/population/community). 5. A species make ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... • Marine Ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their • abiotic factors - non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce and • biotic facto ...
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No Slide Title

... • Liebig - proposed that the single environmental factor in shortest supply relative to demand is the critical determinant in species distribution • Shelford - added to Liebig's work by proposing that the single environmental factor closest to tolerance limits determines where a particular organism ...
Evolution - BIOLOGY 11
Evolution - BIOLOGY 11

... ecosystems (the coral reefs off the coast of the Florida Keys) that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. ...
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... a. an environments response to its climate b. the buildup of pollution c. an ecosystem’s response to overpopulation d. an individual organism’s response to change in its ecosystem 14. Which could be a limiting factor? a. too little water in the water hole b. too many deer in the herd c. too many wol ...
Workbook 3.1
Workbook 3.1

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Petroica boodang boodang Scarlet Robin
Petroica boodang boodang Scarlet Robin

... not in adjacent grasslands even though individuals occupy this habitat during the non-breeding season (Robinson 1992). In one survey, low shrubs (<1 m high) were more common than in Flame Robin territories, but were still less than 10% cover. Both robin species forage extensively on Eucalyptus vimin ...
chapter 21 lecture slides
chapter 21 lecture slides

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... • Changes in tooth size and shape – Adaptations to climate change • Grasslands became more widespread – Rates of evolution have varied widely ...
Carpentarian antechinus - Northern Territory Government
Carpentarian antechinus - Northern Territory Government

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plants - coachpbiology

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Study Questions
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... What strategies have been used by ecologists to study succession, given that it may take 100’s or 1000's of years? What biotic interactions influence succession? Which are thought to be most important early in primary succession? Why would life history traits be important to succession? Why is the “ ...
Principles of Ecology
Principles of Ecology

... – What is the lowest level of organization that most ecologists study? organism – What name is given to several organisms in the same species interacting together? population – What factors are included in an ecosystem that are not included in a community? Abiotic factors – Describe how ecosystems a ...
Chapter 52~53: Population and Community Ecology
Chapter 52~53: Population and Community Ecology

... 7. Explain how carrying capacity of the environment affects the intrinsic rate of increase of a population 8. Explain how density dependent factors affect population growth 9. Describe how weather and climate can function as density-independent factors in controlling population growth 10. Explain ho ...
Physis - Conservation Biology Section
Physis - Conservation Biology Section

... the communities of plants and animals that occupy it. Habitat definitions depends on the scale at which they are considered. The level of resolution of the Physis typology is that of the ecological requirements of small vertebrates, large invertebrates and vascular plants. A unit in the Physis habit ...
PHYSIS English V. - Conservation Biology
PHYSIS English V. - Conservation Biology

... and includes both the physical environment and the communities of plants and animals that occupy it. Habitat definitions depends on the scale at which they are considered. The level of resolution of the Physis typology is that of the ecological requirements of small vertebrates, large invertebrates ...
Habitat Fragmentation
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... Carnivores & Reserves ...
Ecological Connectivity
Ecological Connectivity

... Sheaves (2009) calls for connectivity as an object of study “…physical or ecological events that allow materials or organisms to move between or influence habitats, populations or assemblages that are intermittently isolated in space or time.” (Sheaves 2009)  Multiple mechanisms  Multiple manifest ...
Community Ecology
Community Ecology

... • Biodiversity incorporates genetic, species and ecosystem diversity, though species diversity is most often used. • Species diversity metrics incorporate evenness and richness. Effects of Species Richness • One theory is that species-rich communities are more stable, more constant in composition, a ...
Kelp forests
Kelp forests

... Moths rest on tree trunks during the day, and are eaten by birds. In industrial areas, pollution turned tree trunks black. In these areas black moths eventually became dominant. ...
Evolution Unit Study Guide
Evolution Unit Study Guide

... 1. Who was Charles Darwin? How did each of the following influence Charles Darwin as he developed his theory of natural selection? (Thomas Malthus, Charles Lyell, Alfred Wallace, Selective Breeding) ...
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... the same genes within a species • Species diversity - number of different kinds of organisms within an ecosystem • Ecological diversity - complexity of a biological community (number of niches, trophic levels, etc.) Generally the greater the biodiversity in an ecosystem the more resistant/resilient ...
IH274: Resource utilisation of reef fish across environmental
IH274: Resource utilisation of reef fish across environmental

... Not only are fish dependant on the reef but reefs are also dependent on fish. Fish are fundamental to the reef’s processes (Dulvy et al 2004), and this has been well established through research, particularly the effect of coralivore activity on coral community assemblage and abundance (Neudecker 19 ...
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Biogeography



Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.
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