![American Journal of Botany](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000816418_1-297e331e120e395c78f257e917f59c0a-300x300.png)
American Journal of Botany
... spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a central role in the BEF literature and driven a considerable amount of research over the past 10 years. Yet, the questions and ...
... spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a central role in the BEF literature and driven a considerable amount of research over the past 10 years. Yet, the questions and ...
American Journal of Botany
... spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a central role in the BEF literature and driven a considerable amount of research over the past 10 years. Yet, the questions and ...
... spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a central role in the BEF literature and driven a considerable amount of research over the past 10 years. Yet, the questions and ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... pattern (N / Msp ) holding locally only as an upper bound; however, exploration of this possibility has produced equivocal results [8,16,17]. An alternative hypothesis posits that LSDRs differ from GSDRs because LSDRs typically examine a smaller range of body sizes [7,39,40]. Observing a small porti ...
... pattern (N / Msp ) holding locally only as an upper bound; however, exploration of this possibility has produced equivocal results [8,16,17]. An alternative hypothesis posits that LSDRs differ from GSDRs because LSDRs typically examine a smaller range of body sizes [7,39,40]. Observing a small porti ...
Ecosystem engineering and biodiversity in coastal sediments
... in PXanzensoziologie (phytocenology or plant ecology), this concept was widened to include also “ediWcating” animal species and in 1930s–1950s it was also applied in hydrobiological studies (Reimers and Yablokov 1982), mainly in German and Russian literature. This term is closely related to the more ...
... in PXanzensoziologie (phytocenology or plant ecology), this concept was widened to include also “ediWcating” animal species and in 1930s–1950s it was also applied in hydrobiological studies (Reimers and Yablokov 1982), mainly in German and Russian literature. This term is closely related to the more ...
Climate-related range shifts – a global multidimensional synthesis
... Poleward and upward shifts are the most frequent types of range shifts that have been reported in response to contemporary climate change. However, the number of reports documenting other types of range shifts – such as in east-west directions across longitudes or, even more unexpectedly, towards tr ...
... Poleward and upward shifts are the most frequent types of range shifts that have been reported in response to contemporary climate change. However, the number of reports documenting other types of range shifts – such as in east-west directions across longitudes or, even more unexpectedly, towards tr ...
Toward an integration of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
A View of Life
... Multicellularity Arises – Multicellularity arose approximately 1 billion years later (1.4 bya). Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... Multicellularity Arises – Multicellularity arose approximately 1 billion years later (1.4 bya). Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
Relative importance of resource quantity, isolation and habitat
... habitats including barriers, corridors and stepping stones (Murphy and Lovett-Doust 2004, Tscharntke and Brandl 2004). Therefore the relative importance of habitat isolation on species occurrence is difficult to measure and many different calculations of isolation indices are suggested (see review i ...
... habitats including barriers, corridors and stepping stones (Murphy and Lovett-Doust 2004, Tscharntke and Brandl 2004). Therefore the relative importance of habitat isolation on species occurrence is difficult to measure and many different calculations of isolation indices are suggested (see review i ...
Modeling suitable habitat of invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans
... Polynesian islands to Thailand, and north-south from Japan to southern Australia (Figure 1). Its range differs from the closely-related P. miles whose native distribution is found further west in the Indian Ocean (Schofield et al. 2015). While there is some overlap between the native ranges of the t ...
... Polynesian islands to Thailand, and north-south from Japan to southern Australia (Figure 1). Its range differs from the closely-related P. miles whose native distribution is found further west in the Indian Ocean (Schofield et al. 2015). While there is some overlap between the native ranges of the t ...
Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... studied helminth genera and microparasite richness to investigate whether particular groups of helminths drive effects at the aggregate level. Material and Methods Data on parasites of primates came from the Global Mammal Parasite Database (http://gmpd.nunn-lab.org/; Nunn and Altizer 2005). This dat ...
... studied helminth genera and microparasite richness to investigate whether particular groups of helminths drive effects at the aggregate level. Material and Methods Data on parasites of primates came from the Global Mammal Parasite Database (http://gmpd.nunn-lab.org/; Nunn and Altizer 2005). This dat ...
Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative
... but acquiring this understanding presents challenges. Numerous processes shape the assembly of animal communities. These processes interact on distinct spatial and temporal scales with emergent features that are difficult to elucidate using reductionist or experimental approaches. To gain a better a ...
... but acquiring this understanding presents challenges. Numerous processes shape the assembly of animal communities. These processes interact on distinct spatial and temporal scales with emergent features that are difficult to elucidate using reductionist or experimental approaches. To gain a better a ...
Representations of the ecological niche
... which means that it has all the possibilia under which the organisms belonging to the species can live. These are the constraints and if the organisms go ‘outside’ of this viable hypervolume, they will die. More precisely: then they cannot maintain the continuation of their type unless they manage t ...
... which means that it has all the possibilia under which the organisms belonging to the species can live. These are the constraints and if the organisms go ‘outside’ of this viable hypervolume, they will die. More precisely: then they cannot maintain the continuation of their type unless they manage t ...
temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource
... and Luo 1996; Luo et al. 1998). Thus, the multiple-regression approach allows evaluation of competitive interactions while controlling for niche partitioning among species. Statistical analyses.—Before addressing competition among species, we used MRPP to test the null model that species were distri ...
... and Luo 1996; Luo et al. 1998). Thus, the multiple-regression approach allows evaluation of competitive interactions while controlling for niche partitioning among species. Statistical analyses.—Before addressing competition among species, we used MRPP to test the null model that species were distri ...
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Multiple
... 36) Experts in deer ecology generally agree that population sizes of deer that live in temperate climates are limited by winter snow. The deer congregate in ʺyardingʺ areas under evergreen trees because venturing out to feed in winter is energetically too expensive when snowfall depths accumulate t ...
... 36) Experts in deer ecology generally agree that population sizes of deer that live in temperate climates are limited by winter snow. The deer congregate in ʺyardingʺ areas under evergreen trees because venturing out to feed in winter is energetically too expensive when snowfall depths accumulate t ...
measuring ecological niche overlap from occurrence - Serval
... and niche overlap is measured among real habitats only (see discussion in Warren et al., 2008, ...
... and niche overlap is measured among real habitats only (see discussion in Warren et al., 2008, ...
Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative
... but acquiring this understanding presents challenges. Numerous processes shape the assembly of animal communities. These processes interact on distinct spatial and temporal scales with emergent features that are difficult to elucidate using reductionist or experimental approaches. To gain a better a ...
... but acquiring this understanding presents challenges. Numerous processes shape the assembly of animal communities. These processes interact on distinct spatial and temporal scales with emergent features that are difficult to elucidate using reductionist or experimental approaches. To gain a better a ...
Niche and metabolic principles explain patterns of diversity and
... complex environmental variation, covarying changes in communities, and lack of baseline and null theories to differentiate straightforward causes from more complex mechanisms. To address these limitations, we developed general diversity theory integrating metabolic principles with niche-based commun ...
... complex environmental variation, covarying changes in communities, and lack of baseline and null theories to differentiate straightforward causes from more complex mechanisms. To address these limitations, we developed general diversity theory integrating metabolic principles with niche-based commun ...
The influence of dispersal on zooplankton community structure and
... of dispersal in the shaping of ecological communities. The consideration of regional processes in addition to the influence of local ones has advanced our understanding of ecological communities. This inclusion has allowed for a better understanding of the factors that control local biodiversity wit ...
... of dispersal in the shaping of ecological communities. The consideration of regional processes in addition to the influence of local ones has advanced our understanding of ecological communities. This inclusion has allowed for a better understanding of the factors that control local biodiversity wit ...
Western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) - GB non
... could do it again at any time, and indeed could already have done so. The chances of other as-yet-undiscovered L. bilineata populations existing are probably quite high. It would probably take at least several years to discover any newly-established population, even with a well-developed herpetologi ...
... could do it again at any time, and indeed could already have done so. The chances of other as-yet-undiscovered L. bilineata populations existing are probably quite high. It would probably take at least several years to discover any newly-established population, even with a well-developed herpetologi ...
foraging ecology of the red-crowned parakeet
... been suggested that this species has since undergone a period of expansion, as it is now moderately common in some large indigenous forest remnants throughout the two main islands of New Zealand (Falla et al, 1978; Taylor, 1985). ...
... been suggested that this species has since undergone a period of expansion, as it is now moderately common in some large indigenous forest remnants throughout the two main islands of New Zealand (Falla et al, 1978; Taylor, 1985). ...
Action
... * Identify and obtain relevant existing databases, eg. soils, vegetation, asset management studies * Identify data gaps in existing databases. * Complete required studies, and build on existing databases. Information to include, size, location, species inventory, condition and type of habitat. * Ide ...
... * Identify and obtain relevant existing databases, eg. soils, vegetation, asset management studies * Identify data gaps in existing databases. * Complete required studies, and build on existing databases. Information to include, size, location, species inventory, condition and type of habitat. * Ide ...
Life Science - SC3206 IC Scope and Sequence
... Analyze how organ systems function together to maintain homeostasis. Identify and order the levels of organization in the body. The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems Compare and contrast the three types of muscle. Describe how bones and muscles work together to allow movement. Examine the ma ...
... Analyze how organ systems function together to maintain homeostasis. Identify and order the levels of organization in the body. The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems Compare and contrast the three types of muscle. Describe how bones and muscles work together to allow movement. Examine the ma ...
Managing open habitats in upland forests
... purposes. Firstly, knowing what priority habitats and species are present on a particular site. Ideally, maps showing discreet patches of habitats of different types are needed for this purpose, including those habitats known to be used by important priority species. Secondly, details are needed abo ...
... purposes. Firstly, knowing what priority habitats and species are present on a particular site. Ideally, maps showing discreet patches of habitats of different types are needed for this purpose, including those habitats known to be used by important priority species. Secondly, details are needed abo ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... complemented by work projecting changes 50–100 years into the future. In this context, emphasis has been placed on the ecological aspects of mutualisms, such as the mortality of corals due to bleaching and limited fruit set by plants in the absence of pollinator mutualists. Nonetheless, many mutuali ...
... complemented by work projecting changes 50–100 years into the future. In this context, emphasis has been placed on the ecological aspects of mutualisms, such as the mortality of corals due to bleaching and limited fruit set by plants in the absence of pollinator mutualists. Nonetheless, many mutuali ...
The coexistence of species - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... theoretical studies, which represent the two major approaches to the ecological coexistence problem. The strengths and limitations of these two approaches are discussed, as well as the relative roles of empiricism and theory in the study of ecological coexistence. The second goal of this review is t ...
... theoretical studies, which represent the two major approaches to the ecological coexistence problem. The strengths and limitations of these two approaches are discussed, as well as the relative roles of empiricism and theory in the study of ecological coexistence. The second goal of this review is t ...
Biogeography
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wallace_biogeography.jpg?width=300)
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.