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tennessee grade 8 tcap achievement test practice exercises
tennessee grade 8 tcap achievement test practice exercises

... you need to review the complete book, please call 800-328-1452. The instruction and questions in this book correlate directly to the Tennessee State Performance Indicators as they are organized into the seven CRT Reporting Categories: Content; Grammar and Conventions; Meaning; Techniques and Skills; ...
25_chapter 13
25_chapter 13

... preposition and a gerund. Here the word 'winning* does not do any thing of qualifying other words. It does rather the work of a noun, although partly verb informal. Hence it is a gerund which is partly a verb and partly a noun. So in the combining of the set of given sentences we have used the prepo ...
A Copula Analysis of shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction
A Copula Analysis of shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction

... However, most linguists find that once recognized, the ambiguity is harmless, and they keep using the term “predicate” for both the narrow and broad senses. In our discussion, following this tradition, we use the term “predicate” to signify either sense without making any distinction. The definition ...
Possessives and relational nouns
Possessives and relational nouns

... via a context-controlled variable, much in the same way that a pronoun that is not grammatically bound receives its value from context. (Note that here, context supplies a relation rather than an individual.) If the interpretation of pragmatic possessives does involve a free relational variable whos ...
Chapter 19: Lexical-Functional Grammar
Chapter 19: Lexical-Functional Grammar

... certain mathematical precision and elegance that P&P movement and feature checking do not. By contrast, P&P/Minimalism is able to derive word order differences between languages from feature checking and movement. Minimalism thus provides a slightly more explanatory theory of word order than LFG, wh ...
Conversion in English - Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Conversion in English - Cambridge Scholars Publishing

... (1997) on English conversion, this book aims to be a further piece of evidence of the increased Eastern European scholarly interest in this wordbuilding technique in English and other languages, including Hungarian. In their aforementioned 2005 paper Bauer and Valera also claim that some theories, i ...
Common Core State Standards for ELA
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... d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. e. Establish and maintain a formal style. f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information or explanation presented. W.6.4 - (see also WHST.6-8.4) Produce clear and coherent wri ...
the definition of the grammatical category in a syntactically oriented
the definition of the grammatical category in a syntactically oriented

... particular, this dissertation addresses the possibility that the internal structure of a word is syntactic. The relevant question is whether syntax is previous to morphology or it is the other way around and morphology determines the syntactic behaviour of a constituent. We have selected the questio ...
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... heads must project a phrase. In the schema proposed above in (18), the N′ exhaustively dominates an S, not an N. Culy claims, “while this structure is unusual, it is similar to a rule proposed by Jackendoff (1977) that allows ‘category-switching’ ”. That rule is: xi → af → yi The difference, accordi ...
Argument Structure: Grammar in Use - UCSB Linguistics
Argument Structure: Grammar in Use - UCSB Linguistics

... In this light, the patterning of discourse has something to tell us about things inside the sentence, down to the level of verbal argument structures with their organizational influence across the clause. At a time when theories of argument structure have already undertaken to address the structural ...
Natural Language Generation
Natural Language Generation

... dog, domestic dog, Canis familiaris -- (a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; "the dog => canine, canid -- (any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long mu ...
И - English Classes
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... This book is meant as a textbook in lexicology forming part of the curricula of the Foreign Language faculties in Teachers’ Training Colleges and Universities. It is intended for students, teachers of English, postgraduates and all those who are interested in the English language and its vocabulary. ...
Partitives A workshop at SLE 43
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... Polish does not use a separate case or a specialized case marking for partitives; within the rich case system of contemporary Polish, the “partitive meaning” is considered as an extension of the prototypical meaning of the Genitive (reference-point constructions). In my presentation, I will consider ...
Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational
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... has been developed over the last two decades approachable to and usable by everyone who has text understanding needs. That is, usable not only by computational linguists, but also by the computer science community more generally and by all sorts of information professionals including biologists, med ...
Foundational Skills and Vocabulary
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... • Infers the general meaning of a noun (term not used) based on the real life/familiar context given in a short paragraph • Infers the general meaning of a noun based on the real life/familiar context given in a sentence • Infers the general meaning of a verb (term not used) based on the real life/f ...
Chapter 7: Linking syntax and semantics in complex sentences
Chapter 7: Linking syntax and semantics in complex sentences

... linking algorithms proposed in Chapter 5 for simple sentences must be modified to deal with complex sentences. Most complex sentences pose no particular difficulties for the linking system we developed in Chapter 5. Clausal junctures, for example, are composed of clauses, each of which links like an ...
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills

... Infers the general meaning of a noun (term not used) based on the real life/familiar context given in a short paragraph Infers the general meaning of a noun based on the real life/familiar context given in a sentence Infers the general meaning of a verb (term not used) based on the real life/familia ...
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SPECIFICITY AND DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING IN SPANISH
SPECIFICITY AND DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING IN SPANISH

... referent is fixed or determined by being functionally linked to the speaker or to a referential expression contained in the same sentence: for instance, in a sentence like William didn’t see a book (von Heusinger 2002: 271), there are two specific interpretations of the indefinite DP, one of them an ...
Wh-Phrases as Indefinites: A Vietnamese Perspective∗
Wh-Phrases as Indefinites: A Vietnamese Perspective∗

... indefinites. Other analyses, like that of Cole and Hermon (1998), take the second route and treat wh-questions as derived from indefinites, by the addition of some kind of question operator. However, we think both of these approaches are on the wrong track, for two reasons. First, wh-words used as i ...
Preferences and Unrestricted Rebut
Preferences and Unrestricted Rebut

... (possibly even the last one) is defeasible. Hence, if an argument restrictedly rebuts another argument then it also unrestrictedly rebuts it, but not vice versa. Forms of unrestricted rebut are applied in the formalism of Prakken and Sartor [16], the argumentation version of Nute’s Defeasible Logic ...
对英语中歧义的初步研究
对英语中歧义的初步研究

... Many people know the word –ambiguity and can realize the ambiguity phenomenon, but few people are able to clarify the definition of ambiguity exactly. What is ambiguity? In the oxford dictionary(page 50), it has the following meanings: (1) [U] the state of having more than one possible meaning(2) [C ...
Domain Independent Sentence Generation from RDF
Domain Independent Sentence Generation from RDF

... patterns of discourse with blank spaces that need to be filled by users or applications, input to NLG systems could be roughly divided into two categories: tree-like notations, and nonhierarchical representations. A tree-like input notation is usually a semantic representation consisting of a predic ...
A Lexical Theory of Phrasal Idioms
A Lexical Theory of Phrasal Idioms

... between the syntactic plasticity of an idiom and its semantic compositionality.3 In footnote 2 above, we mentioned that kick of kick the bucket does not passivize, whereas give of give up the ghost shows some signs of passivizing. We noted above that these expressions convey roughly the same meanin ...
Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar

... • Capture long-distance dependencies without using movement ...
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Cognitive semantics

Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as it is organised within people's conceptual spaces. It is implicit that there is some difference between this conceptual world and the real world. The main tenets of cognitive semantics are: That grammar is a way of expressing the speaker's concept of the world; That knowledge of language is acquired and contextual; That the ability to use language draws upon general cognitive resources and not a special language module.As part of the field of cognitive linguistics, the cognitive semantics approach rejects the traditional separation of linguistics into phonology, syntax, pragmatics, etc. Instead, it divides semantics into meaning-construction and knowledge representation. Therefore, cognitive semantics studies much of the area traditionally devoted to pragmatics as well as semantics. The techniques native to cognitive semantics are typically used in lexical studies such as those put forth by Leonard Talmy, George Lakoff, Dirk Geeraerts, and Bruce Wayne Hawkins. Some cognitive semantic frameworks, such as that developed by Talmy, take into account syntactic structures as well.
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