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Clause patterns in Modern British English: A corpus
Clause patterns in Modern British English: A corpus

... ‘common core’ of the language, aiming to describe what is ‘usual’ in language use, grammarians tend to pass judgment on the ‘desirability’ of constructions, the extent to which they are ‘acceptable’ to speakers, or typical of a certain style, etc. The corpus-based (quantitative) studies that have be ...
Tense and Aspect Systems
Tense and Aspect Systems

... 'moods', the semantics of which tends to be even more elusive than that of tenses. Tenses, moods, and aspects - henceforth 'TMA categories' belong to the things in one's native language that one tends to take for granted, and often, they have only attracted the attention of grammarians who have had ...
Document
Document

... The first field of investigation, i.e. SDs and EMs, necessarily touches upon such general language problems as the aesthetic function of language, synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea, emotional colouring in language, the interrelation between language and thought, the individual manne ...
What is Linguistic Redundancy?
What is Linguistic Redundancy?

... refers to the information in a complete sentence over and above that which is essential. ... Other research on redundancy in speech has frequently been concerned with the ability to use this systematicity in language in certain conditions. Accessibility to stimuli from which to make systematic infer ...
From a children`s first dictionary to a lexical
From a children`s first dictionary to a lexical

... The study of words in the goal of understanding their meaning and how they relate to each other is a very large and complex field in itself. Aiming t o render this information usable by a computer presents an even larger problem. Researchers have tried to constrain this problem in a few ways. Words ...
Alexandra Anna Spalek Verb Meaning and Combinatory Semantics: A Corpus-Based Study of
Alexandra Anna Spalek Verb Meaning and Combinatory Semantics: A Corpus-Based Study of

... I thank Louise for teaching me how to do scientific work and not to die in the attempt. And yet what I most appreciate in her as an advisor were these ‘mummymoments’ when she understood that I was totally lost and would provide some simple advice, which converted a monstrous problem into a challeng ...
The development of a spatial technical writing
The development of a spatial technical writing

... Probability of by chance obtaining L out of T ...


... 'satellite-framed languages' and 'verb-framed languages'. In particular, I analyze two constructions that are typical of satellite-framed languages like English, Dutch or German: complex telic path of motion constructions and complex resultative constructions. I also show why these constructions are ...
Topicalisation and Left-Dislocation in European Portuguese Robert
Topicalisation and Left-Dislocation in European Portuguese Robert

... has a lexico-semantic role associated with certain intransitive psych verbs, namely to give more salience to human experiencers occurring in indirect object position. Finally, the study finds that TOP is more likely to be contrastive and not to have topic-related functions at discourse level, while ...
Deductive Databases with Universally Quantified Conditions
Deductive Databases with Universally Quantified Conditions

... a n-ary predicate symbol, t1, ..., tn are terms exactly one of are either constant or variable symbols. a n-ary predicate symbol, t1, ..., tn are terms exactly one of are either constant or variable symbols. ...
Perception Processing for General Intelligence
Perception Processing for General Intelligence

... real-time influence on each others’ operations. An earlier technical report has described in detail the revisions to DeSTIN needed to support this integration, which are mainly along the lines of making it more ”representationally transparent,” so that its internal states are easier for OpenCog to u ...
THE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF AND
THE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF AND

... This study examined the nature of and-coordination in Kaonde. In order to meet this goal, the study sought, firstly, to identify conjuncts that are coordinated by and-equivalent in Kaonde. Secondly, the study sought to identify and-coordinators in Kaonde. That is, it tried to identify coordinators i ...
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax

... their insertion possibilities (not even category information). The actual limits on variability reported in more standard accounts, would then have to be due to limits based on real world knowledge and convention (extralinguistic). While I will be sympathetic to the attempt to void the lexicon of ar ...
Focus and the LF of NP quantification
Focus and the LF of NP quantification

... the s ame job at the hotel. Besides them, also 80 competent cooks applied for this job. In (9) actually ALL incompetent cooks applied. At the same time, they made up only a rather small fraction of the total number of applying cooks, namely 1/5. And what's more, they were not few, for they were 20, ...
Document
Document

... Synchronically, words like Sunday, Monday, etc. are simple words. Diachronically, they existed as compounds in Old English. Synchronically, words like eventful, talkative, etc. are considered to be derivatives. Diachronically, they were hybrids(混合词), namely, words made of two parts, each from a diff ...
Chapter 2: The problems with prepositions 0 Introduction
Chapter 2: The problems with prepositions 0 Introduction

... while particles don’t. The distributional patterns just reviewed support two main points. First, that there is a syntactic difference between particles and adverbs on the one hand and prepositions on the other, and second, that particles and adverbs must also be distinguished from each other. 2 A si ...
Frege - Princeton University
Frege - Princeton University

... referent, supposing it to exist. Comprehensive knowledge of the referent would require us to be able to say immediately whether every given sense belongs to it. To such knowledge we never attain. The regular connection between a sign, its sense, and its referent is of such a kind that to the sign th ...
Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User
Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User

... are similes that cannot be rephrased as metaphors, and the other way around (Israel et al., 2004). This suggests that figurativeness in similes should be modeled differently than in metaphors. To further underline the necessity of a computational model for similes, we give the first estimate of thei ...
MATH20302 Propositional Logic
MATH20302 Propositional Logic

... Remark: Following the usual convention in mathematics we will use symbols such as p, q, respectively s, t, not just for individual propositional variables, respectively propositional terms, but also as variables ranging over propositional variables, resp. propositional terms, (as we did just above). ...
PARTITIVE RESTRICTIVE mODIFICATION OF NAmES IN
PARTITIVE RESTRICTIVE mODIFICATION OF NAmES IN

... The term “partitive restrictive modification” is not explained by Greenbaum and Quirk (1990). Quirk et al (1985: 290) explain it by saying that “cataphoric the with restrictive modification can have the effect of splitting up the unique referent of the proper noun into different parts or aspects” [m ...
Inshallah: Extensive Flouting of Grice`s Maxim of Quality
Inshallah: Extensive Flouting of Grice`s Maxim of Quality

... maxims, said that men flout the maxims more than women; a finding which proves the opposite of what the common people believe. Brumark (2006) studied cases of non-observance (flouting and violating) to maxims in family dinner table conversations. She discovered that the ages of children may not affe ...
LEXICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION IN SYNTAX: A
LEXICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION IN SYNTAX: A

... understanding the “vocabulary” of the other modules, much like hearing is distinct from seeing. We cannot “see sounds”, and in the same way phonology cannot understand or operate on syntactic primitives. The term “interface” refers to the translation of information from one module to another. In the ...
THE SUBSYSTEMS OF LEXICAL ASPECTS
THE SUBSYSTEMS OF LEXICAL ASPECTS

... In this thesis a system of lexical aspects, or Aktionsarten, is considered fiom the point of view of GuillaumjanPsychomechanics, which is a form of cognitive linguistics. Guillaume proposes that verbal systems have developmental stages, the total system of stages being cded the chronogenesis, that i ...
Syntactic Relations - Cornell University
Syntactic Relations - Cornell University

... 1976, and, more recently, in Epstein et al (1998). The theory proposed in this work, while drawing to some extent on all of these traditions, derives its immediate impetus from Chris Collins’ important paper “Eliminating Labels.” Collins argues that given a principle of lexical access (Chomsky 2000) ...
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Issue: Degree Adverbs
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Issue: Degree Adverbs

... 2002ab). People cannot ignore metaphor, even when literal meanings make perfect sense in context. We drew this conclusion from a series of experiments in which people would perform optimally if they attend exclusively to literal meaning but ignored metaphorical ones. ...
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Cognitive semantics

Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as it is organised within people's conceptual spaces. It is implicit that there is some difference between this conceptual world and the real world. The main tenets of cognitive semantics are: That grammar is a way of expressing the speaker's concept of the world; That knowledge of language is acquired and contextual; That the ability to use language draws upon general cognitive resources and not a special language module.As part of the field of cognitive linguistics, the cognitive semantics approach rejects the traditional separation of linguistics into phonology, syntax, pragmatics, etc. Instead, it divides semantics into meaning-construction and knowledge representation. Therefore, cognitive semantics studies much of the area traditionally devoted to pragmatics as well as semantics. The techniques native to cognitive semantics are typically used in lexical studies such as those put forth by Leonard Talmy, George Lakoff, Dirk Geeraerts, and Bruce Wayne Hawkins. Some cognitive semantic frameworks, such as that developed by Talmy, take into account syntactic structures as well.
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