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APPLIED and PRACTICING ANTHROPOLOGY
APPLIED and PRACTICING ANTHROPOLOGY

... • The origins of applied and practicing anthropology are rooted in the fieldwork experiences of anthropologists with disadvantaged populations within the USA and abroad. The compelling problems and human suffering starkly called attention for solutions. ...
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Cultural relativism

Compare cross cultural sensitivity, moral relativism, aesthetic relativism, social constructionism, and cognitive relativism.Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture.It was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: ""...civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes."" However, Boas did not coin the term.The first use of the term recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924 to describe Robert Lowie's ""extreme cultural relativism"", found in the latter's 1917 book Culture and Ethnology. The term became common among anthropologists after Boas' death in 1942, to express their synthesis of a number of ideas Boas had developed. Boas believed that the sweep of cultures, to be found in connection with any sub species, is so vast and pervasive that there cannot be a relationship between cultures and races. Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims. Whether or not these claims necessitate a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate. This principle should not be confused with moral relativism.
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