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homologous structures
homologous structures

... researchers compared 19.8 million bases. While this sounds like a lot, it still represents slightly less than 1% of the genome. They calculated a mean similarity of 98.77% or 1.23% difference Humans can be made temporarily immune to certain diseases by receiving antibodies produced in a horse’s body ...
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HONORS BIOLOGY Name 2014 Period ______ EVOLUTION and

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Evolution PowerPoint in PDF
Evolution PowerPoint in PDF

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SPECIATION •Isolation – Divergent Evolution •Adaptive Radiation

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Chapter 13 and 14 Review

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Evolving digital ecological networks



Evolving digital ecological networks are webs of interacting, self-replicating, and evolving computer programs (i.e., digital organisms) that experience the same major ecological interactions as biological organisms (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism). Despite being computational, these programs evolve quickly in an open-ended way, and starting from only one or two ancestral organisms, the formation of ecological networks can be observed in real-time by tracking interactions between the constantly evolving organism phenotypes. These phenotypes may be defined by combinations of logical computations (hereafter tasks) that digital organisms perform and by expressed behaviors that have evolved. The types and outcomes of interactions between phenotypes are determined by task overlap for logic-defined phenotypes and by responses to encounters in the case of behavioral phenotypes. Biologists use these evolving networks to study active and fundamental topics within evolutionary ecology (e.g., the extent to which the architecture of multispecies networks shape coevolutionary outcomes, and the processes involved).
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