The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
... vitamin D₃ should make certain that they have adequate sources of vitamin D in their diets. Dr. Latifah Al-Oboudi 2012 ...
... vitamin D₃ should make certain that they have adequate sources of vitamin D in their diets. Dr. Latifah Al-Oboudi 2012 ...
Lecture 3b powerpoint
... – Proper planning means paying close attention to the nutrients of concern and using a vegetarian food guide for planning. ...
... – Proper planning means paying close attention to the nutrients of concern and using a vegetarian food guide for planning. ...
Folate and vitamin B 12 - Cambridge University Press
... In the liver the methylation cycle also serves the function of degrading methionine (Fig. 1). Methionine is an essential amino acid in human subjects and comes exclusively from the diet. It is present in the usual diet in about 60 % excess over requirement for protein synthesis and other uses of met ...
... In the liver the methylation cycle also serves the function of degrading methionine (Fig. 1). Methionine is an essential amino acid in human subjects and comes exclusively from the diet. It is present in the usual diet in about 60 % excess over requirement for protein synthesis and other uses of met ...
PDF
... hydrazine (:J.1). The othcr intcl"fcrence which ii' encountered most frequently is caused by 2,3-diketogulonic add, a biologically inactive oxidation pr.oduct of ascorbic acid, This substance combines with phenylhydrazine to give the same characteriRtic red color by which ascorbic acid is measured i ...
... hydrazine (:J.1). The othcr intcl"fcrence which ii' encountered most frequently is caused by 2,3-diketogulonic add, a biologically inactive oxidation pr.oduct of ascorbic acid, This substance combines with phenylhydrazine to give the same characteriRtic red color by which ascorbic acid is measured i ...
LWW PPT Slide Template Master
... Rationale: Large doses of folic acid can alleviate the anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency (a function of both vitamins), but folic acid cannot halt the progressive neurological impairments that only vitamin B12 can treat. Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may take 5 to 10 years or longer to devel ...
... Rationale: Large doses of folic acid can alleviate the anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency (a function of both vitamins), but folic acid cannot halt the progressive neurological impairments that only vitamin B12 can treat. Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may take 5 to 10 years or longer to devel ...
Vitamins and minerals: a brief guide
... It was recognized more than 3,500 years ago that foods containing vitamins are essential for health and well-being. The earliest records to have come down to us on this subject relate to the use of specific foods like liver – which contains vitamin A – to prevent diseases such as night blindness. Ne ...
... It was recognized more than 3,500 years ago that foods containing vitamins are essential for health and well-being. The earliest records to have come down to us on this subject relate to the use of specific foods like liver – which contains vitamin A – to prevent diseases such as night blindness. Ne ...
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to
... Vitamin B6 plays an important role in haem biosynthesis in the form of PLP. The first enzyme and committed step in haem biosynthesis, aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), uses PLP as a coenzyme. ALAS catalyses the condensation of succinyl coenzyme A and glycine to form δ-aminolevulinate, which is the pr ...
... Vitamin B6 plays an important role in haem biosynthesis in the form of PLP. The first enzyme and committed step in haem biosynthesis, aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), uses PLP as a coenzyme. ALAS catalyses the condensation of succinyl coenzyme A and glycine to form δ-aminolevulinate, which is the pr ...
Nutrition I - Avian Medicine
... important in prevention of, and recovery from, intestinal disorders. The central nervous system and erythrocytes require glucose for energy, in contrast to muscles that can utilize substrates such as fatty acids. In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrates, amino acids (glucogenic amino acids v ...
... important in prevention of, and recovery from, intestinal disorders. The central nervous system and erythrocytes require glucose for energy, in contrast to muscles that can utilize substrates such as fatty acids. In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrates, amino acids (glucogenic amino acids v ...
Are Your Cows Getting the Vitamins They Need?
... For many years, there has been little interest in B-vitamins (biotin, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, B-6, and B-12) for dairy cows. The typical feeds used in dairy diets are good sources of many B-vitamins and rumen bacteria appear to synthesize most, if not all, of the B ...
... For many years, there has been little interest in B-vitamins (biotin, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, B-6, and B-12) for dairy cows. The typical feeds used in dairy diets are good sources of many B-vitamins and rumen bacteria appear to synthesize most, if not all, of the B ...
Micronutrient Needs of the Elderly
... The recommended intake of vitamin A is 700 mcg/d for females and 900 mcg/d for males.15 This reference amount is reported as a retinol activity equivalent (mcg/RAE) and can be converted to international units, which is reported on most food labeling. Population studies have demonstrated that vitamin ...
... The recommended intake of vitamin A is 700 mcg/d for females and 900 mcg/d for males.15 This reference amount is reported as a retinol activity equivalent (mcg/RAE) and can be converted to international units, which is reported on most food labeling. Population studies have demonstrated that vitamin ...
calculation and comparison of nutrient density/quality
... There have been several proposed methodologies and algorithms to quantitatively describe the nutrient density, quality or profile of foods as discussed by Zelman & Kennedy29 and Rampersaud.13 Methodologies differ primarily by how many and which nutrients are considered, as well as the mathematical c ...
... There have been several proposed methodologies and algorithms to quantitatively describe the nutrient density, quality or profile of foods as discussed by Zelman & Kennedy29 and Rampersaud.13 Methodologies differ primarily by how many and which nutrients are considered, as well as the mathematical c ...
Makanan Untuk Kesehatan
... Vitamins Minerals Amino acids Herbal preparations Glandular extracts ...
... Vitamins Minerals Amino acids Herbal preparations Glandular extracts ...
running head: vitamin stability in trace mineral premixes
... vitamin deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of vitamin losses in ...
... vitamin deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of vitamin losses in ...
Vitamin B-i 2: plant sources, requirements, and assay 852 Am J C
... The vegetarian often may be getting more vitamin B12 by reabsorption from bile than from external foods. This would be true for those who eat very little animal protein. The reabsorption of bile vitamin B-b2 explains why it takes ıı-20 y to run out of vitamin B-12 and get vitamin B-b2 deficiency dis ...
... The vegetarian often may be getting more vitamin B12 by reabsorption from bile than from external foods. This would be true for those who eat very little animal protein. The reabsorption of bile vitamin B-b2 explains why it takes ıı-20 y to run out of vitamin B-12 and get vitamin B-b2 deficiency dis ...
Evaluation of total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, and
... mg/L), and twice that found in green tea (1029 ± 36) (Gil et al., 2000). The total phenolic calculated for pomegranate juice reached 2100 mg/L, which was good in agreement with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This finding showed that PSJ has high level of total phenolic content compared to other fruits ...
... mg/L), and twice that found in green tea (1029 ± 36) (Gil et al., 2000). The total phenolic calculated for pomegranate juice reached 2100 mg/L, which was good in agreement with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This finding showed that PSJ has high level of total phenolic content compared to other fruits ...
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences bangalore, karnataka
... prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and Osteoclasts. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults. Together with calcium, vitamin ...
... prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and Osteoclasts. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults. Together with calcium, vitamin ...
5,3Mb
... in lye help make the niacin in maize more available.) It also occurs among poor populations in remote areas in Asia or Africa, and among refugees, prisoners or others on diets with limited variety. Pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods (protein-rich foods). Certai ...
... in lye help make the niacin in maize more available.) It also occurs among poor populations in remote areas in Asia or Africa, and among refugees, prisoners or others on diets with limited variety. Pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods (protein-rich foods). Certai ...
Antenatal Mother
... “Life is always a rich and steady time when you are waiting for something to happen or to hatch”. (E.B White) Vitamins and Minerals help to regulate bodily functions without providing energy and are essential towards sound health .E.g. calcium forms the hard substance of bones and teeth. Vitamins of ...
... “Life is always a rich and steady time when you are waiting for something to happen or to hatch”. (E.B White) Vitamins and Minerals help to regulate bodily functions without providing energy and are essential towards sound health .E.g. calcium forms the hard substance of bones and teeth. Vitamins of ...
Ideal ocular nutritional supplement
... believed to play a part in maintenance of ocular health include the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (Snodderly et al., 1984). Further defence mechanisms include antioxidant compounds such as metallathionein, melanin, and glutathione, and DNA repair. Compartmentalisation is another defence mechanis ...
... believed to play a part in maintenance of ocular health include the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (Snodderly et al., 1984). Further defence mechanisms include antioxidant compounds such as metallathionein, melanin, and glutathione, and DNA repair. Compartmentalisation is another defence mechanis ...
Vitamin B12 in Vegetarian Diets
... that one read the food label, as fortification levels may change from time to time. ...
... that one read the food label, as fortification levels may change from time to time. ...
part 2: the management of breastfeeding
... 20 mug/L) and increases to 210 mug/L in mature milk[22] (see Table 1) . The requirement for thiamine is related directly to the carbohydrate intake. As with other water-soluble vitamins, maternal supplementation generally increases the content in the milk, and infants of well-nourished mothers do no ...
... 20 mug/L) and increases to 210 mug/L in mature milk[22] (see Table 1) . The requirement for thiamine is related directly to the carbohydrate intake. As with other water-soluble vitamins, maternal supplementation generally increases the content in the milk, and infants of well-nourished mothers do no ...
Metformin and Vitamin B12 Deficiency
... Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in some foods or added to others. It is predominantly obtained from animal products, including fish, meat, dairy products, poultry, and eggs. It can also be found in fortified foods such as breakfast cereals. Vitamin B12 i ...
... Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in some foods or added to others. It is predominantly obtained from animal products, including fish, meat, dairy products, poultry, and eggs. It can also be found in fortified foods such as breakfast cereals. Vitamin B12 i ...
Bioavailability and vitamin A value of carotenes from red palm oil
... obtained using chronic feeding studies in vitamin A-depleted subjects, but which has not been replicated. The higher ratio (lower vitamin A value) observed for RPO in this study may be representative of well-nourished subjects, or reflect a single bolus dose rather than multiple smaller doses. In ad ...
... obtained using chronic feeding studies in vitamin A-depleted subjects, but which has not been replicated. The higher ratio (lower vitamin A value) observed for RPO in this study may be representative of well-nourished subjects, or reflect a single bolus dose rather than multiple smaller doses. In ad ...
Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C. Scurvy often presents initially with fatigue, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. Spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person may look pale, feel depressed, and be partially immobilized. As scurvy advances, there can be open, suppurating wounds, loss of teeth, yellow skin, fever, neuropathy and finally death from bleeding.While today scurvy is known to be caused by a nutritional deficiency, until the isolation of vitamin C and direct evidence of its link to scurvy in 1932, numerous theories and treatments were proposed, often on little or no experimental data. This inconsistency is attributed to the lack of vitamin C as a distinct concept, and an inability to reliably link different foods (notably present in fresh citrus, watercress, and organ meat) to scurvy. An additional concept required to understand scurvy was the degradation of vitamin C by exposure to air and copper and other transition metal salts such as those of iron, thus changing the links of foods to scurvy over time. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic (""of, characterized by or having to do with scurvy"").Treatment by fresh food, particularly citrus fruit, was periodically implemented, as it had been since antiquity. However until the 1930s, treatment was inconsistent, with many ineffective treatments used into the 20th century. It was a Scottish surgeon in the Royal Navy, James Lind, who first proved it could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book A Treatise of the Scurvy, though following a failed trial with extracted lime juice, it would be 40 years before effective prevention based on fresh produce became widespread.Scurvy was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others aboard ships at sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored (subsisting instead only on cured and salted meats and dried grains) and by soldiers similarly deprived of these foods for extended periods. It was described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC), and herbal cures for scurvy have been known in many native cultures since prehistory. Scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel, often killing large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. This became a significant issue in Europe from the beginning of the modern era in the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, continuing to play a significant role through World War I in the early 20th century. In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow, a British physician who described it in 1883. However, Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse. Other eponyms for scurvy include Moeller's disease and Cheadle's disease.Scurvy does not occur in most animals as they can synthesize their own vitamin C. However, humans and other higher primates (the simians—monkeys and apes—and tarsiers), guinea pigs, most or all bats, and some species of birds and fish lack an enzyme (L-gulonolactone oxidase) necessary for such synthesis and must obtain vitamin C through their diet. Vitamin C is widespread in plant tissues, with particularly high concentrations occurring in cruciferous vegetables, capsicum fruit including chili and all colours of bell peppers, citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits), and almost all fruits including botanical fruits that are culinary vegetables, like tomatoes. The fruit with the highest concentration of vitamin C is the Kakadu Plum with nearly 3000 mg per 100g. Cooking significantly reduces the concentration of vitamin C.