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Vitamin D - Mercy Health
Vitamin D - Mercy Health

... Statin  drugs  are  the  most  commonly  used  medications  for  reducing  cholesterol  levels.  They  help  prevent  cardiovascular disease  through  their  cholesterol  reducing  effects.  Statins  are  not  free  from  side  effects.  They  are  well  known  to  have  the ability  to  induce  mus ...
Zeal Formula: Nutrient Glossary
Zeal Formula: Nutrient Glossary

... Arginine, also known as L-arginine, is an amino acid involved in a number of different functions in the body. They include support for healthy kidney function, normal immune and hormone function. As a natural component of many foods, arginine has garnered particular attention for its possible heart ...
Document
Document

... knees and wrists with only minor swelling left in my fingers. By June 21, all physical evidence of arthritis had practically disappeared. On July 12, I had an appointment with my doctor who was overwhelmed when I walked into his office. What was to have been a ten minute checkup turned into two hour ...
Vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis patients
Vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis patients

... Decreased BMD was first reported in CF patients in 1979 [Hahn et al. 1979, Mischler et al. 1979]. Low BMD can lead to kyphosis and may result in pathological fractures. Many of the expected clinical manifestations occur in CF patients very early [Hecker and Aris 2004]. The etiology of CF bone diseas ...
Supplements Multivitamins and Minerals*
Supplements Multivitamins and Minerals*

... 100% of the DV (daily value) of each.3 While there is no official definition of an MVM, an NIH panel assessing these products in 1996 defined them as “any supplement containing three or more vitamins and minerals but no herbs, hormones, or drugs, with each component at a dose less than the tolerable ...
Warfarin (Coumadin) interactions with foods and
Warfarin (Coumadin) interactions with foods and

... vegetables are varied colors (e.g. yellow yams, red sweet peppers, green beans), because this gives one different classes of phytonutrients important for health. Strive to be as consistent as possible in getting your 3 servings per day. Preferable vegetables in this group with especially low Vitamin ...
Keynote Presentation - Fortify Your Life/Life Fortified
Keynote Presentation - Fortify Your Life/Life Fortified

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Word Version - Andorra Pediatrics
Word Version - Andorra Pediatrics

... Consuming too much vitamin D through diet alone is not likely unless you routinely consume large amounts of cod liver oil. It is much more likely to occur from high intakes of vitamin D in supplements. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine considers an intake of 1,000 IU for infa ...
24 Vitamin C
24 Vitamin C

... Skin Problems in Orphans: Decoding a Turn-of-the-Century Mystery Offer someone sow bellies and cornmeal grits for dinner tonight, and you'll probably find yourself eating alone. But in the deep South less than 100 years ago, these foods were the staple diet that's thought to have caused an outbreak ...
Avitaminosis - oral signs and treatment.
Avitaminosis - oral signs and treatment.

... - Usually not from lack of intake, but rather from lack of absorption - Lack of vitamin B12 or folate can lead to the production of large, immature, hemoglobin-poor red blood cells (pernicious anemia, most common in those over 60 years of age) - Folate cannot be properly utilized if vitamin B12 is l ...
The Water-Soluble Vitamins
The Water-Soluble Vitamins

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Care of Pet Guinea Pigs

Vitamin D and Calcium
Vitamin D and Calcium

... American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort  Studied 120,000 men and women  Analyzed diet, medical history, and lifestyle  Results ○ Men with intakes of 520 IU or higher from both diet and supplementation slightly lowered risk ○ No effect in women ...
Vitamin D and Calcium
Vitamin D and Calcium

Vitamin D Intoxication due to Manufacturing and Labeling
Vitamin D Intoxication due to Manufacturing and Labeling

... (NHANES), 46-53% of adults reported taking dietary supplements (1-2). • The number of vitamin D containing supplements sold in drugstores, health food stores, and on the internet has recently increased (6-13). Sales of vitamin D supplements have doubled between 2009 and 2010, rising faster than thos ...
BIOL 103, Midterm 3-‐2 I
BIOL 103, Midterm 3-‐2 I

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Administration of Vitamin C and Vitamin E in Severe Head Injury: A

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What is Naturopathic Oncology? Integrating the best of

... [ii] A randomised, controlled comparison of different calcium and vitamin D supplementation regimens in elderly women after hip fracture: The Nottingham Neck of Femur (NONOF) Study. (eng; includes abstract) By Harwood RH, The Nottingham Neck of Femur (NONOF) Study, Age Ageing, 2004 Jan; Vol. 33 (1), ...
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... Similar to monosaccharides 2. Absorption and metabolism a. 80% to 90% absorbed b. Decreases with increased dosage c. High intakes can cause diarrhea 3. Functions a. Collagen synthesis 1. Highly concentrated in connective tissue, bones, teeth, tendons, and blood vessels 2. Wound healing b. Antioxidan ...
Essential Food Constituents - GCG-42
Essential Food Constituents - GCG-42

... and phosphorus metabolism. Excitability of nerves increase due to low blood calcium levels and muscle contracts involuntarily. ...
should my child take a vitamin?
should my child take a vitamin?

... child’s steady diet of three or four different foods can not possibly be providing them with the vitamins and minerals that they need. For this reason, many parents and caregivers use a vitamin supplement to fill the gap for the child’s inadequate intake. ...
Micronutrient deficiencies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Micronutrient deficiencies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

... should be checked as these metabolites are more sensitive markers of B 12 deficiency than serum B 12 levels. 17 Bone Metabolism: Bone disease, osteopenia and osteoporosis, occur in 22- 77% and 17- 41% of IBD patients, respectively. 18 Although malnutrition and malabsorption plays an important in pat ...
Nutritional Self-Sufficiency at Jama
Nutritional Self-Sufficiency at Jama

DOCX
DOCX

... number, by making my own chinese food, I could substantially drop this number. Other minerals, like Phosphorus, Potassium, and Magnesium, were low for the most part. Phopshorus was only one of the three in surplus from the frosted flakes. The way to hit both of these minerals at one is by taking a ...
to Read - The Health Guardian
to Read - The Health Guardian

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Vitamin K



Vitamin K refers to a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation, and also certain proteins that the body uses to control binding of calcium in bone and other tissues. The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Low levels of vitamin K also weaken bones and promote calcification of arteries and other soft tissues.Chemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K2, in turn, consists of a number of related chemical subtypes, with differing lengths of carbon side chains made of isoprenoid groups of atoms.Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the ""plant"" form of vitamin K. It is active as a vitamin in animals and performs the classic functions of vitamin K, including its activity in the production of blood-clotting proteins. Animals may also convert it to vitamin K2.Vitamin K2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K2 homologues are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK-n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4. This homolog of vitamin K2 may have enzyme functions distinct from those of vitamin K1.Bacteria in the colon (large intestine) can also convert K1 into vitamin K2. In addition, bacteria typically lengthen the isoprenoid side chain of vitamin K2 to produce a range of vitamin K2 forms, most notably the MK-7 to MK-11 homologues of vitamin K2. All forms of K2 other than MK-4 can only be produced by bacteria, which use these forms in anaerobic respiration. The MK-7 and other bacterially derived forms of vitamin K2 exhibit vitamin K activity in animals, but MK-7's extra utility over MK-4, if any, is unclear and is a matter of investigation.Three synthetic types of vitamin K are known: vitamins K3, K4, and K5. Although the natural K1 and all K2 homologues and synthetic K4 and K5 have proven nontoxic, the synthetic form K3 (menadione) has shown toxicity.
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