CHAPTER 16 NUTRIENTS THAT REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS
... of ATP, and (b) magnesium, necessary for reactions that result in the formation and breakdown of ATP. 2. Phosphorus and magnesium are also essential for cellular division and growth. Phosphorus is a structural part of both DNA and RNA; magnesium is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA and for ...
... of ATP, and (b) magnesium, necessary for reactions that result in the formation and breakdown of ATP. 2. Phosphorus and magnesium are also essential for cellular division and growth. Phosphorus is a structural part of both DNA and RNA; magnesium is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA and for ...
Vitamin C (Ascorbate) - SpectraCell Laboratories
... Mega-doses of vitamin C (several grams) have been used for specific conditions such as viral infections and cancer, although the therapeutic benefit to mega-doses is thought to occur due to a pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C on viral or cancer cells. Since excess vitamin C can actually increase free ...
... Mega-doses of vitamin C (several grams) have been used for specific conditions such as viral infections and cancer, although the therapeutic benefit to mega-doses is thought to occur due to a pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C on viral or cancer cells. Since excess vitamin C can actually increase free ...
Selected Food Sources - Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine
... Liver, beef, cooked, 3.5 ounces Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce ...
... Liver, beef, cooked, 3.5 ounces Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce ...
Exam style Questions
... • Absorbs water to help bulk out the faeces, which helps move it through he body • Gives a feeling of fullness, to help prevent overeating and obesity • May help to lower LDL cholesterol and so reduce risk of heart disease ...
... • Absorbs water to help bulk out the faeces, which helps move it through he body • Gives a feeling of fullness, to help prevent overeating and obesity • May help to lower LDL cholesterol and so reduce risk of heart disease ...
Liposomal Vitamin C - American Wellness and Rehab Clinic
... • Several studies show that high doses of vitamin c slow the growth of cancer cells in humans ...
... • Several studies show that high doses of vitamin c slow the growth of cancer cells in humans ...
What is vitamin D? Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium and
... What is vitamin D? Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone development. As well, it's important for muscle development, as impaired muscle function can lead to accidents and falls, particularly in older people. A year-long study of 1231 adults aged 65 ...
... What is vitamin D? Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone development. As well, it's important for muscle development, as impaired muscle function can lead to accidents and falls, particularly in older people. A year-long study of 1231 adults aged 65 ...
Vitamin K
Vitamin K refers to a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation, and also certain proteins that the body uses to control binding of calcium in bone and other tissues. The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Low levels of vitamin K also weaken bones and promote calcification of arteries and other soft tissues.Chemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K2, in turn, consists of a number of related chemical subtypes, with differing lengths of carbon side chains made of isoprenoid groups of atoms.Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the ""plant"" form of vitamin K. It is active as a vitamin in animals and performs the classic functions of vitamin K, including its activity in the production of blood-clotting proteins. Animals may also convert it to vitamin K2.Vitamin K2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K2 homologues are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK-n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4. This homolog of vitamin K2 may have enzyme functions distinct from those of vitamin K1.Bacteria in the colon (large intestine) can also convert K1 into vitamin K2. In addition, bacteria typically lengthen the isoprenoid side chain of vitamin K2 to produce a range of vitamin K2 forms, most notably the MK-7 to MK-11 homologues of vitamin K2. All forms of K2 other than MK-4 can only be produced by bacteria, which use these forms in anaerobic respiration. The MK-7 and other bacterially derived forms of vitamin K2 exhibit vitamin K activity in animals, but MK-7's extra utility over MK-4, if any, is unclear and is a matter of investigation.Three synthetic types of vitamin K are known: vitamins K3, K4, and K5. Although the natural K1 and all K2 homologues and synthetic K4 and K5 have proven nontoxic, the synthetic form K3 (menadione) has shown toxicity.