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Vitamin B-i 2: plant sources, requirements, and assay 852 Am J C
Vitamin B-i 2: plant sources, requirements, and assay 852 Am J C

Prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency and low bone mineral density
Prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency and low bone mineral density

Nutritional Adequacy of Vegetarian and
Nutritional Adequacy of Vegetarian and

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... defects (osteomalacia), but chronically low intake of vitamin D and calcium leads to negative calcium balance and bone loss, and it is reasonable to expect this effect to occur in alveolar bone as it does in other bones of the body. A number of epidemiological studies have reported a positive associ ...
Nutritional Adequacy of Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes
Nutritional Adequacy of Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes

VitD Ca intakes Final
VitD Ca intakes Final

... The aim of this study is to investigate dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D intakes and its ...
Aunt Cathy`s Guide to Nutrition - Minnesota Department of Health
Aunt Cathy`s Guide to Nutrition - Minnesota Department of Health

Want to Feel Good Again?
Want to Feel Good Again?

... Conventional medicine offers many medications to treat arthritis including corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Both types are capable of producing complications including kidney and liver damage and gastric irritation or ulceration. One side effect rarely mentioned is inhibiti ...
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food - EFSA
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food - EFSA

... adequate margin of safety (ratio between the NOAEL and the intake) compared with the NOAEL of 80 to 200 for infants and young children. The Panel also noted that these estimated intakes to TPGS would correspond to intakes to PEG 1000 at levels equivalent to 3.3 – 8.5 mg/kg bw/day. This is within the ...
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... as Andrew Saul had with “conventional medicine.” Since he was young, he has felt that there is more to medicine than “silver-colored instruments and pain”. In the book, “Doctor Yourself,” Andrew advocates nutritional therapy to prevent and treat many diverse ailments; from alcoholism, cancer, diabet ...
Volume 6 - Pharmaniaga
Volume 6 - Pharmaniaga

chapter 7 - HCC Learning Web
chapter 7 - HCC Learning Web

... - death shortly after birth ...
Iris 29 - Body Glyphix Studio
Iris 29 - Body Glyphix Studio

... 6) While the soy beans are relatively rich in omega-3 oils, these go rancid when subjected to the high temperature and pressure required to extract them from the beans. Rancid oils are dangerous carcinogens. The only other way to extract the oils from soy beans is through the use of solvents such as ...
Nutritian and hydration
Nutritian and hydration

Clinical and demographic predictors for vitamin D
Clinical and demographic predictors for vitamin D

... Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is indicative of vitamin D stores in the body. Patients with CKD are more likely to have lower levels of 25(OH)D than those without kidney disease. In a study conducted in Boston, USA, kidney disease was found to be a major risk factor for low serum ...
Nutritional profile of Quorn™ mycoprotein
Nutritional profile of Quorn™ mycoprotein

... Subjects consumed the test lunch, then a meal in the evening. The study had a cross over design, so that all subjects completed two study days, one each for the mycoprotein and chicken test meals Energy intake at the evening meal was reduced by 18% following the mycoprotein meal. Self reported food ...
1 Micronutrient status and intake in omnivores, vegetarians and
1 Micronutrient status and intake in omnivores, vegetarians and

... alcohol consumption (r=0.245, p=0.001) and positively with total physical activity (r=0.149, ...
Deficiency Report
Deficiency Report

... a cellular level and are crucial for resistance to disease, growth, vitality and healthy aging. Deficiencies can be hard to pinpoint because cells in the body will continue to function, but at less and less efficiency until they either receive proper nourishment or suffer irreversible damage. Most v ...
Whole Food Nutrition Journal The Benefits of
Whole Food Nutrition Journal The Benefits of

... causes affects the metabolism of the vitamin, as well as that of other nutrients. For example, in some animal species, synthetic vitamin A has been shown to alter vitamin E levels, whereas natural vitamin A does not. Lomnitski et al. (1991) showed that in the presence of vitamin E deficiency, isolat ...
Osteo SAP - Dr. Ingrid Pincott, ND
Osteo SAP - Dr. Ingrid Pincott, ND

... osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of calcium levels and increases its uptake in the intestine. Boron is involved in calcium, magnesium and phosphorus metabolism contributing to prevention of bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Vitamin K1 from a vegetable source activates o ...
Minerals: Calcium Boron Chloride Chromium Magnesium Cobalt
Minerals: Calcium Boron Chloride Chromium Magnesium Cobalt

... get an excellent supply of iron from plant sources if one has a little information. Even poor diets often contain more iron than the body needs. The problem is that most of the iron is poorly absorbed. Some of the iron in meat, fish, and poultry (heme iron) is relatively well utilized. However, meat ...
Vitamins - Food Nutrition
Vitamins - Food Nutrition

... who have higher serum beta-carotene levels have a lower risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. In contrast to these observations, two studies that used beta-carotene supplements reported an increased risk for lung cancer among smokers. The conclusion was that foods rich in beta-carotene are prote ...
Are we omnivores, herbivores or carnivores?
Are we omnivores, herbivores or carnivores?

... The pH of our stomach is about 4 to 5 with food, unlike carnivores who secrete a lot more hydrochloric acid and have a stomach pH that is a lot more acidic (their pH is usually one or less with food). The more acidic stomach of a carnivore is advantageous to kill bacteria found in decaying flesh. As ...
Long-Term Effects of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Combined
Long-Term Effects of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Combined

March: Zucchini - Energize Health Club
March: Zucchini - Energize Health Club

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Vitamin K



Vitamin K refers to a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation, and also certain proteins that the body uses to control binding of calcium in bone and other tissues. The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Low levels of vitamin K also weaken bones and promote calcification of arteries and other soft tissues.Chemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K2, in turn, consists of a number of related chemical subtypes, with differing lengths of carbon side chains made of isoprenoid groups of atoms.Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the ""plant"" form of vitamin K. It is active as a vitamin in animals and performs the classic functions of vitamin K, including its activity in the production of blood-clotting proteins. Animals may also convert it to vitamin K2.Vitamin K2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K2 homologues are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK-n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4. This homolog of vitamin K2 may have enzyme functions distinct from those of vitamin K1.Bacteria in the colon (large intestine) can also convert K1 into vitamin K2. In addition, bacteria typically lengthen the isoprenoid side chain of vitamin K2 to produce a range of vitamin K2 forms, most notably the MK-7 to MK-11 homologues of vitamin K2. All forms of K2 other than MK-4 can only be produced by bacteria, which use these forms in anaerobic respiration. The MK-7 and other bacterially derived forms of vitamin K2 exhibit vitamin K activity in animals, but MK-7's extra utility over MK-4, if any, is unclear and is a matter of investigation.Three synthetic types of vitamin K are known: vitamins K3, K4, and K5. Although the natural K1 and all K2 homologues and synthetic K4 and K5 have proven nontoxic, the synthetic form K3 (menadione) has shown toxicity.
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