• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
vitamins and coenzymes
vitamins and coenzymes

Milk Terms - Florida Agriculture in the Classroom
Milk Terms - Florida Agriculture in the Classroom

... that temperature for 15 seconds. Pasteurization does not kill all bacteria, but it does kill those pathogens that cause diseases such as tuberculosis, undulant fever and coliform bacteria. Homogenization: Milk is forced through very tiny openings similar to a showerhead (with much smaller holes) to ...
Appropriate Dishes
Appropriate Dishes

...  Carrot is one of the most healing foods that provides the finest and highest quality in nutrients, especially from its juice. It is an excellent source of pro-vitamin A, vitamins C, D, E, K, B1 and B6.  sweet corn antioxidant which has been suggested to reduce the chance of heart disease and canc ...
Traditional Diets for Healthy Children – Part I
Traditional Diets for Healthy Children – Part I

... A question arises as to the efficiency of the human body in removing all of the minerals from the ingested foods. Extensive laboratory determinations have shown that most people cannot absorb more than half of the calcium and phosphorus from the foods eaten. The amounts utilized depend directly on t ...
Nuroscience-4 Vitamin B9 B 12 and Vitamin C
Nuroscience-4 Vitamin B9 B 12 and Vitamin C

... can enhance antidepressant treatment.17  Augmentation with L-methylfolate , which bypasses the THFR enzyme, can be an effective strategy for treating depression in these patients.18 ...
Micronutrient revision
Micronutrient revision

... • What happens if you don't have enough vitamin C? • Cuts and wounds fail to heal properly • Anaemia may develop as vitamin C has to be present to allow iron to be absorbed • Greater risk of developing heart disease/cancer as Vit C is an antioxidant ...
Vitamins
Vitamins

... B12 deficiencies: achlorhydria and/or atrophic gastritis causes stomach cells to be damaged and impairs the production of HCL and intrinsic factor – without HCL and the intrinsic factor, B12 cannot be absorbed and may lead to pernicious anemia Dietary sources: meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, milk, and ...
Appropriate Dishes - homeeconomics2
Appropriate Dishes - homeeconomics2

... Table setting is refers to the way to set a table with tableware—such as eating utensils and dishware— for serving and eating. The table should have a centerpiece that performs a solely decorative function. If an informal dinner is being served that will fill the available places at the table, care ...
Fourth Year Medical Students* Required Written Patient Care
Fourth Year Medical Students* Required Written Patient Care

... • Three consecutive academic years of data: 2013, 2014, 2015 • Patient age range 55-102 years of age, average age 81 years old • Patients on 6-17 medications including OTC and dietary supplements • 57% of the patients in rehabilitation settings, nursing homes, or ALFs • Almost all patients had funct ...
VITAMIN K2 180 mcg - Ortho Molecular Products
VITAMIN K2 180 mcg - Ortho Molecular Products

Chapter 8 – The Vitamins
Chapter 8 – The Vitamins

... IV. Nutrition in Practice – Phytochemicals and Functional Foods A. What are phytochemicals, and what do they do? ...
Key Nutrients - Extension Store
Key Nutrients - Extension Store

... that live in our large intestine. Some humans cannot absorb vitamin B12 very well and develop a type of anemia, a condition of the red blood cells. • Functions: Helps maintain myelin, a substance insulating nerves and helping nerves send messages through the body Helps release ...
Food for Thought - Canadian Family Physician
Food for Thought - Canadian Family Physician

... to assess and plan diets and do not address amounts proposed for optimal health. In some circumstances (folate and vitamins D and E, for example), dietary reference intakes were increased to reflect new knowledge about vitamins and health. A daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with rational lev ...
Dietetic Intern Quiz
Dietetic Intern Quiz

... 16. Given the following information, what is the patient’s ideal body weight (IBW)? • Age: 5 years old male • Wt: 16.9 kg • Ht: 103.5 cm • BMI: 15.8 • BMI-for-age at the 50%tile: 15.4 17. What are the weight loss recommendations for ages 11-18 with a BMI > 95%tile? 18. What is the difference between ...
Usual-Care-training
Usual-Care-training

... and for poor urban dwellers ...
Antioxidants
Antioxidants

... Electrons – negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus ...
Nutrients Of Concern In Vegetarian Diets
Nutrients Of Concern In Vegetarian Diets

... intake (sodas, meats), increased GI motility, lack of exercise, caffeine, drugs, antacids. Supplements should be taken before bed, not with meals as they may interfere with iron absorption. Tums are not recommended as a good source. ...
Water and Minerals
Water and Minerals

... magnesium • Soft water is high in sodium – It also dissolves cadmium and lead from pipes • If a person has lead pipes, this can be a problem with long term use ...
Document
Document

... Nutrients that our body does not make on its own. Thus we must obtain them from the foods we eat, or via vitamin supplements. They are essential for providing good health and are necessary for many life functions. ...
Cell Bio 9- Small Intestinal Phase II Lipids Substances that are
Cell Bio 9- Small Intestinal Phase II Lipids Substances that are

... • High concentrations: passive diffusion • Role: Coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes • Deficiency: Rare but can occur during long-term administration of parenteral nutrition Cobalamin (B12) • Absorption • ~15-20% is normally absorbed • 1% is absorbed without intrinsic factor • High dose oral supplement ...
Vitamin D Recommendations
Vitamin D Recommendations

... multivitamin supplement for kids that contains 400 IU of Vitamin D is acceptable,” says Dr. Greer. “There are several liquid vitamin preparations for infants that contain 400 IU vitamin D per dose as well. Chewable vitamins are generally regarded as safe for children over the age of three who are ab ...
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

... the next meeting or event and eat less than a perfect diet. Vitamins and Minerals have many roles in our body ranging from basic cell formation and metabolism to disease prevention. If we ate the way we should, eating five-plus servings of fruits and vegetables per day and consuming a variety of pla ...
File
File

... Have more energy throughout the day Eat less at night Have diets higher in Iron and Vitamin C ...
Micronutrient deficiencies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Micronutrient deficiencies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

... Vitamin B 12 deficiency is also associated with megaloblastic anemia. Evaluating Vitamin B 12 status is indicated for patients with macrocytic anemia or anemia not corrected by iron. If serum Vitamin B 12 levels are normal then levels of Vitamin B 12 metabolites, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, ...
Phar 722 Pharmacy Practice III
Phar 722 Pharmacy Practice III

... much nutrient is needed to prevent a deficiency symptom. – Data supporting food components that, up to this time, have not been considered essential nutrient will be examined. • Anti-oxidants • Omega-3 fatty acids ...
< 1 ... 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ... 48 >

Vitamin B12



Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Neither fungi, plants, nor animals (including humans) are capable of producing vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes required for its synthesis, although many foods are a natural source of B12 because of bacterial symbiosis. The vitamin is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation-synthesis.Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds (vitamers), all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt sitting in the center of a planar tetra-pyrrole ring called a corrin ring. Biosynthesis of the basic structure of the vitamin is accomplished only by bacteria and archaea (which usually produce hydroxocobalamin), but conversion between different forms of the vitamin can be accomplished in the human body. A common semi-synthetic form of the vitamin is cyanocobalamin, which does not occur in nature but is produced from bacterial hydroxocobalamin. Because of its stability and lower production cost, this form is then used in many pharmaceuticals and supplements as well as a food additive. In the body it is converted to the human physiological forms methylcobalamin and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, leaving behind the cyanide ion, albeit in a minimal concentration. More recently, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin can be found in more expensive pharmacological products and food supplements. Their extra utility is currently debated.Vitamin B12 was discovered from its relationship to disease pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed (these cells are also responsible for secreting acid in the stomach). Because intrinsic factor is crucial for the normal absorption of B12, its lack in pernicious anemia causes a vitamin B12 deficiency. Many other subtler kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency and their biochemical effects have since been elucidated.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report