• The ridges and trenches on the ocean bottom cause corresponding
... Scientists have long known that the sea would not be Indeed, Haxby's maps of the world's sea floors reveal a perfectly level even if the wind stopped blowing and the terrain as diverse as any found on the seven continents waves ceased rolling. Instead, the surface would subtly and reinforce geology' ...
... Scientists have long known that the sea would not be Indeed, Haxby's maps of the world's sea floors reveal a perfectly level even if the wind stopped blowing and the terrain as diverse as any found on the seven continents waves ceased rolling. Instead, the surface would subtly and reinforce geology' ...
Hauke L. Kite-Powell
... Jin, D., H.L. Kite-Powell, and W. Talley. 2001. The safety of commercial fishing: determinants of vessel total losses and injuries. Journal of Safety Research 32:209-228. Kaplan, I. and H.L. Kite-Powell. 2000. Safety at sea and fisheries management: fishermen’s attitudes and the need for co-managem ...
... Jin, D., H.L. Kite-Powell, and W. Talley. 2001. The safety of commercial fishing: determinants of vessel total losses and injuries. Journal of Safety Research 32:209-228. Kaplan, I. and H.L. Kite-Powell. 2000. Safety at sea and fisheries management: fishermen’s attitudes and the need for co-managem ...
Remote Sensing of the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient and Related
... Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR), denoted hereafter by KPAR, have been widely investigated for the remote sensing of primary production (Platt and Sathyendranath 1988; Sakshaug, Bricaud et al. 1997). Recently, it was demonstrated that coastal waters also play a key role in the global car ...
... Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR), denoted hereafter by KPAR, have been widely investigated for the remote sensing of primary production (Platt and Sathyendranath 1988; Sakshaug, Bricaud et al. 1997). Recently, it was demonstrated that coastal waters also play a key role in the global car ...
Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling and Surface Circulation of the Ocean
... at high latitudes move equatorward. Complex and littleunderstood feedback loops characterize these processes and assure that any change in the behavior of the atmosphere or ocean will have profound consequences for the circulation of both systems. The hypersensitive interrelationships between the at ...
... at high latitudes move equatorward. Complex and littleunderstood feedback loops characterize these processes and assure that any change in the behavior of the atmosphere or ocean will have profound consequences for the circulation of both systems. The hypersensitive interrelationships between the at ...
Biological Impacts: Threat to Coral Reefs
... “Water temperatures over the past century have risen on coral reefs in all global regions. The largest increases have been in the Indian Ocean, symbolised by the massive coral bleaching there in 1998. Thermal stress records show a high degree of correlation with widespread and severe coral bleachin ...
... “Water temperatures over the past century have risen on coral reefs in all global regions. The largest increases have been in the Indian Ocean, symbolised by the massive coral bleaching there in 1998. Thermal stress records show a high degree of correlation with widespread and severe coral bleachin ...
An Ocean of Discovery: Biodiversity Beyond the Census of Marine Life
... poorly known areas. Genetic techniques also allow for the identification of specific gene expressions, such as toxic strains of dinoflagellates. Indeed, the Environmental Sample Processor was developed to collect in situ samples and test for the presence of a particular gene in microbial samples or ...
... poorly known areas. Genetic techniques also allow for the identification of specific gene expressions, such as toxic strains of dinoflagellates. Indeed, the Environmental Sample Processor was developed to collect in situ samples and test for the presence of a particular gene in microbial samples or ...
News
... Maximenko talked about the tsunami debris work at IPRC, including the most recent survey expedition from Honolulu to beyond Midway. Maximenko showed evidence that if the tsunami had happened on March 11 in another year than in 2011, the debris path and field may have been quite different, since thes ...
... Maximenko talked about the tsunami debris work at IPRC, including the most recent survey expedition from Honolulu to beyond Midway. Maximenko showed evidence that if the tsunami had happened on March 11 in another year than in 2011, the debris path and field may have been quite different, since thes ...
research agenda 2025
... radiatively and chemically active gases and particles also exert an influence on climate through their impact on atmospheric radiation transfer. Past climate change has had demonstrable influences on the isotopic and chemical composition of seawater, which permits these signals to be investigated as p ...
... radiatively and chemically active gases and particles also exert an influence on climate through their impact on atmospheric radiation transfer. Past climate change has had demonstrable influences on the isotopic and chemical composition of seawater, which permits these signals to be investigated as p ...
Paleophysiography of Ocean Basins
... primarily reflects differences in productivity between zones of tropical upwelling and an increase in sediment thickness toward high latitudes, reflecting terrigenous runoff. Regional marine sediment thickness also depends on many other factors, including depth of carbonate compensation depth and regi ...
... primarily reflects differences in productivity between zones of tropical upwelling and an increase in sediment thickness toward high latitudes, reflecting terrigenous runoff. Regional marine sediment thickness also depends on many other factors, including depth of carbonate compensation depth and regi ...
g104_class16_ENSO
... Synopsis: ENSO-neutral conditions are expected to continue into early 2009. ENSO-neutral conditions continued during September 2008, as sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained near-average in the east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean. SSTs remained slightly below-average in the central Pacific, and ...
... Synopsis: ENSO-neutral conditions are expected to continue into early 2009. ENSO-neutral conditions continued during September 2008, as sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained near-average in the east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean. SSTs remained slightly below-average in the central Pacific, and ...
Earth Geodynamic Hypotheses Updated
... can be detected, and the rotation rate changes in milliseconds per day. This is dependent upon “how the mass distribution of Earth and its atmosphere change from earthquakes and the movement of water and air.” A further explanation of the spin slow down reveals that a day was 18 hours long at 900 Ma ...
... can be detected, and the rotation rate changes in milliseconds per day. This is dependent upon “how the mass distribution of Earth and its atmosphere change from earthquakes and the movement of water and air.” A further explanation of the spin slow down reveals that a day was 18 hours long at 900 Ma ...
Oceanic Crust
... So, what causes plates to move? • Convection currents: drag and move the lithospheric plates above the asthenosphere (three sources of heat produce the convection currents): ...
... So, what causes plates to move? • Convection currents: drag and move the lithospheric plates above the asthenosphere (three sources of heat produce the convection currents): ...
Impacts of global warming on arctic pelagic ecosystems and pelagic
... will interact with human activities such as fishing, mineral extraction, oil and gas exploitation and shipping, which will grow significantly in the near future. Because change may be rapid and sweeping, extraordinary and novel measures of conservation will be required to ensure marine animals have ...
... will interact with human activities such as fishing, mineral extraction, oil and gas exploitation and shipping, which will grow significantly in the near future. Because change may be rapid and sweeping, extraordinary and novel measures of conservation will be required to ensure marine animals have ...
Applications of ocean transport modelling Hanna Corell
... Paper I reports a model experiment of how the wind in the southern hemisphere affects the global heat transport, and in particular the heat exchange between the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. In Paper II the transport patterns of fine sediments in two coastal areas with different oceanographic setti ...
... Paper I reports a model experiment of how the wind in the southern hemisphere affects the global heat transport, and in particular the heat exchange between the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. In Paper II the transport patterns of fine sediments in two coastal areas with different oceanographic setti ...
Percolating Through Volcanic Subsurface Rocks, Seawater is
... Beyond about 300 meters into the oceanic crust, much of which has been penetration of seawater becomes more and more generated only in the restricted as the rocks’ permeability decreases. past few years. The modLarger fractures and fissures are more likely to els provide a framework become the main ...
... Beyond about 300 meters into the oceanic crust, much of which has been penetration of seawater becomes more and more generated only in the restricted as the rocks’ permeability decreases. past few years. The modLarger fractures and fissures are more likely to els provide a framework become the main ...
2008, final Lecture 12 deep sea and hydro vents
... their harsh environment, they appear to have survived for many millions of years, and have apparently changed little in that time. Vent life appears to be more closely related to ancient animals than anything alive today. ...
... their harsh environment, they appear to have survived for many millions of years, and have apparently changed little in that time. Vent life appears to be more closely related to ancient animals than anything alive today. ...
The boundless carbon cycle - Stroud Water Research Center
... Tom J. Battin, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Louis A. Kaplan, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Andreas Richter and Lars J. Tranvik The terrestrial biosphere is assumed to take up most of the carbon on land. However, it is becoming clear that inland waters process large amounts of organic carbon and must be considere ...
... Tom J. Battin, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Louis A. Kaplan, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Andreas Richter and Lars J. Tranvik The terrestrial biosphere is assumed to take up most of the carbon on land. However, it is becoming clear that inland waters process large amounts of organic carbon and must be considere ...
DELIVERING INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVATIONS
... monitoring of climate from space. One goal was then to foster the synergies between spaced-based observations of weather, atmospheric composition, ocean and climate, and to encourage their best possible use by a broader range of user communities. The new ruling Convention also opened the possibility ...
... monitoring of climate from space. One goal was then to foster the synergies between spaced-based observations of weather, atmospheric composition, ocean and climate, and to encourage their best possible use by a broader range of user communities. The new ruling Convention also opened the possibility ...
Why is the Land Green and the Ocean Red?
... terrestrial ecosystems to form what would become a green hegemony on land – with few exceptions, terrestrial plants are green. In contrast to land plants, contemporary oceanic phytoplankton are represented by relatively few species that are phylogenetically deeply branching. Since the Triassic Perio ...
... terrestrial ecosystems to form what would become a green hegemony on land – with few exceptions, terrestrial plants are green. In contrast to land plants, contemporary oceanic phytoplankton are represented by relatively few species that are phylogenetically deeply branching. Since the Triassic Perio ...
2013 - MBARI
... unchangeable throughout Earth’s recent history, human activities, particularly fossil fuel emissions, are causing pervasive changes in ocean conditions far larger and more rapid than have occurred over the past 25 million years. The massive and increasing release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ...
... unchangeable throughout Earth’s recent history, human activities, particularly fossil fuel emissions, are causing pervasive changes in ocean conditions far larger and more rapid than have occurred over the past 25 million years. The massive and increasing release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ...
Integrated Ocean Observing System Implementation: Southern
... 3. Climate Variability and Change: Improve the understanding and track secular ocean change including sea level rise (SLR), ocean temperatures, and other climate trends in the Southern California Bight. 4. Ecosystem, Fisheries and Water Quality: Provide physical, geochemical and biological monitorin ...
... 3. Climate Variability and Change: Improve the understanding and track secular ocean change including sea level rise (SLR), ocean temperatures, and other climate trends in the Southern California Bight. 4. Ecosystem, Fisheries and Water Quality: Provide physical, geochemical and biological monitorin ...
van Hooidonk et al. 2013. Opposite latitudinal gradients in projected
... Coral reefs and the services they provide are seriously threatened by ocean acidification and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Here, we present updated global projections for these key threats to coral reefs based on ensembles of IPCC AR5 climate models using the new Representative Conce ...
... Coral reefs and the services they provide are seriously threatened by ocean acidification and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Here, we present updated global projections for these key threats to coral reefs based on ensembles of IPCC AR5 climate models using the new Representative Conce ...
dividends from investing in ocean observations
... This paper will not consider the technical design of an ocean observing system, and will concentrate on the broad economic and social arguments as to why the system is needed, how it should be paid for, and how the costs and benefits can be measured. The knowledge-base for this assessment is still f ...
... This paper will not consider the technical design of an ocean observing system, and will concentrate on the broad economic and social arguments as to why the system is needed, how it should be paid for, and how the costs and benefits can be measured. The knowledge-base for this assessment is still f ...
The Mg isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater – evidence for a
... Wimpenny et al., 2010). Thus it is possible that the δ 26 Mg value of the river flux may be shifted from that expected from the Mg isotopic composition of the parent carbonate/silicate rocks. However, on long timescales we expect this effect to be minor as the average Mg isotopic offset between shale ...
... Wimpenny et al., 2010). Thus it is possible that the δ 26 Mg value of the river flux may be shifted from that expected from the Mg isotopic composition of the parent carbonate/silicate rocks. However, on long timescales we expect this effect to be minor as the average Mg isotopic offset between shale ...
exploring the deep
... In 1977, scientists aboard Alvin were exploring what was actually happening on the ocean floor at the Galapagos Rift. They were interested in exploring seafloor spreading to find out how it affects the oceans. As Alvin reached the ocean floor, its powerful lights lit up the scene. Scientist Jack Cor ...
... In 1977, scientists aboard Alvin were exploring what was actually happening on the ocean floor at the Galapagos Rift. They were interested in exploring seafloor spreading to find out how it affects the oceans. As Alvin reached the ocean floor, its powerful lights lit up the scene. Scientist Jack Cor ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.