PDF - University of Wyoming
... Clearwater East crater, used as representative of terrestrial material clearly contaminated by a meteoritic component. The sloping patterns obtained for all samples of the YD black layer strongly resemble the pattern typical of average continental crust (42, 48–51). The Blackwater Draw and Murray Sp ...
... Clearwater East crater, used as representative of terrestrial material clearly contaminated by a meteoritic component. The sloping patterns obtained for all samples of the YD black layer strongly resemble the pattern typical of average continental crust (42, 48–51). The Blackwater Draw and Murray Sp ...
Hydrography shapes bacterial biogeography of the deep
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
Future change of the Indian Ocean basin
... Total 20 CGCMs participated in CMIP5 are used in this study. Table 1 lists the model name, institution and horizontal resolution of atmospheric component. Two experiments are investigated. One is the historical run (i.e., the twentieth century run) from 1850 to 2005 and the other is the RCP 4.5 run ...
... Total 20 CGCMs participated in CMIP5 are used in this study. Table 1 lists the model name, institution and horizontal resolution of atmospheric component. Two experiments are investigated. One is the historical run (i.e., the twentieth century run) from 1850 to 2005 and the other is the RCP 4.5 run ...
The dynamics of the marine nitrogen cycle across the last deglaciation
... benthic denitrification [Codispoti, 1989] (Figure 1). If the N:P ratio of the nutrient pool is lowered, the rate of export production will decrease due to an even stronger limitation by NO–3 , causing a drop in export production, a lower oxygen demand from organic matter remineralization, and thus hi ...
... benthic denitrification [Codispoti, 1989] (Figure 1). If the N:P ratio of the nutrient pool is lowered, the rate of export production will decrease due to an even stronger limitation by NO–3 , causing a drop in export production, a lower oxygen demand from organic matter remineralization, and thus hi ...
Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences: 1959–2009
... Studies on the fate of radionuclides flowing into the coastal ocean from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation on the Columbia River are initiated, allowing some of the first data on sediment transport and on links in the oceanic food webs through radioactive ‘tags.’ These studies provided a major thrust ...
... Studies on the fate of radionuclides flowing into the coastal ocean from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation on the Columbia River are initiated, allowing some of the first data on sediment transport and on links in the oceanic food webs through radioactive ‘tags.’ These studies provided a major thrust ...
Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... current–wind effects. At the same time the seasonal amplitude in SSTs increases (lowermost panel in Fig. 1). Hence, our simulations show that surface-current–wind effects drive increased SST warming (cooling) in summer (winter), even though air–sea heat fluxes supply less heat (less cooling). From t ...
... current–wind effects. At the same time the seasonal amplitude in SSTs increases (lowermost panel in Fig. 1). Hence, our simulations show that surface-current–wind effects drive increased SST warming (cooling) in summer (winter), even though air–sea heat fluxes supply less heat (less cooling). From t ...
How the Earth Was Made: The Deepest Place on Earth
... to know the direction and speed at which the plates move? (24:00) ...
... to know the direction and speed at which the plates move? (24:00) ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
... 200 m and away from the continental shelf, that is, the open ocean. Benthic habitats are divided into intertidal habitats, which are those in the beach area between the high and low tide lines, and into sublittoral, abyssal, and hadal habitats. Organisms that live in marine ecosystems can be identif ...
... 200 m and away from the continental shelf, that is, the open ocean. Benthic habitats are divided into intertidal habitats, which are those in the beach area between the high and low tide lines, and into sublittoral, abyssal, and hadal habitats. Organisms that live in marine ecosystems can be identif ...
pdf version - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... dramatic and rapid an effect as in the Arctic, where ice cover, ocean water circulation, geochemistry, and ecosystems are all responding to the pervasive rise in air and sea temperatures. These changing conditions will not only alter the future of that region and its human inhabitants, but will like ...
... dramatic and rapid an effect as in the Arctic, where ice cover, ocean water circulation, geochemistry, and ecosystems are all responding to the pervasive rise in air and sea temperatures. These changing conditions will not only alter the future of that region and its human inhabitants, but will like ...
2006 Thomson-Brooks Cole Chapter 3 Geology of the Oceans
... • The ocean floor has topographical features similar to those found on continents. • The seafloor is composed of sediments derived from living as well as nonliving sources. • Latitude and longitude determinations are particularly necessary for precisely locating positions in the open sea, where ther ...
... • The ocean floor has topographical features similar to those found on continents. • The seafloor is composed of sediments derived from living as well as nonliving sources. • Latitude and longitude determinations are particularly necessary for precisely locating positions in the open sea, where ther ...
report - Department of Environmental Affairs
... The warm Agulhas Current flows strongly southward along South Africa’s east coast, carrying with it nutrient-poor, tropical water from the equatorial region of the Western Indian Ocean. By contrast, on South Africa’s west coast, the cool Benguela Current region is one of the most productive of the w ...
... The warm Agulhas Current flows strongly southward along South Africa’s east coast, carrying with it nutrient-poor, tropical water from the equatorial region of the Western Indian Ocean. By contrast, on South Africa’s west coast, the cool Benguela Current region is one of the most productive of the w ...
Getting Up Close and Personal with Antarctic Icebergs
... The icebergs hold trapped terrestrial material, which they release far out at sea as they melt. The researchers discovered that this process produces a “halo effect” with significantly increased phytoplankton, krill and seabirds out to a radius of more than two miles around the icebergs. They may ...
... The icebergs hold trapped terrestrial material, which they release far out at sea as they melt. The researchers discovered that this process produces a “halo effect” with significantly increased phytoplankton, krill and seabirds out to a radius of more than two miles around the icebergs. They may ...
The Deepest Place on Earth
... The water in the trench is so cold it is almost freezing. Some areas in the trench are very hot, though. These areas are called hydrothermal vents. The vents are openings in the earth through which very hot water shoots up through the ocean floor like smoke from a chimney. The water from the vents i ...
... The water in the trench is so cold it is almost freezing. Some areas in the trench are very hot, though. These areas are called hydrothermal vents. The vents are openings in the earth through which very hot water shoots up through the ocean floor like smoke from a chimney. The water from the vents i ...
Impacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine
... range extension of a key herbivore (sea urchin) and other trophically important reef organisms has occurred. Although, evidence of changes on other coastlines around Australia is limited, we suggest that this is due to a lack of data rather than lack of change. Because of the east–west orientation o ...
... range extension of a key herbivore (sea urchin) and other trophically important reef organisms has occurred. Although, evidence of changes on other coastlines around Australia is limited, we suggest that this is due to a lack of data rather than lack of change. Because of the east–west orientation o ...
Lithospheric Plates
... Other geologic consequences of plate tectonics Clastic sediments are derived from wearing-down of mountains that ultimately owe their existence to the convergence of plates (remember how mountains are formed when stuff between plates gets crumpled). If a mountain chain is close to the sea a “clasti ...
... Other geologic consequences of plate tectonics Clastic sediments are derived from wearing-down of mountains that ultimately owe their existence to the convergence of plates (remember how mountains are formed when stuff between plates gets crumpled). If a mountain chain is close to the sea a “clasti ...
1 Scientific Ocean Drilling of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ridge
... The global mid-ocean ridge system generates two-thirds of the solid earth surface and produces more than half of the annual volcanic volume erupted on the earth. Active volcanic, hydrothermal, and structural processes mainly transpire within the first few million years of seafloor spreading, on the ...
... The global mid-ocean ridge system generates two-thirds of the solid earth surface and produces more than half of the annual volcanic volume erupted on the earth. Active volcanic, hydrothermal, and structural processes mainly transpire within the first few million years of seafloor spreading, on the ...
Seafloor Spreading.pps
... Other geologic consequences of plate tectonics Clastic sediments are derived from wearing-down of mountains that ultimately owe their existence to the convergence of plates (remember how mountains are formed when stuff between plates gets crumpled). If a mountain chain is close to the sea a “clasti ...
... Other geologic consequences of plate tectonics Clastic sediments are derived from wearing-down of mountains that ultimately owe their existence to the convergence of plates (remember how mountains are formed when stuff between plates gets crumpled). If a mountain chain is close to the sea a “clasti ...
No Slide Title
... separate, collide or slip past each other. • Over the past 15 million to 20 million years, large numbers of earthquakes have occurred along the San Andreas fault in California, where parts of the North America plate and the Pacific plate are slipping past one another. ...
... separate, collide or slip past each other. • Over the past 15 million to 20 million years, large numbers of earthquakes have occurred along the San Andreas fault in California, where parts of the North America plate and the Pacific plate are slipping past one another. ...
Water-Mass Transformations in a Neutral Density Framework and
... of internal sources/sinks of buoyancy that were not previously considered. There are, in fact, two main drawbacks in the current methods. The first is the use of surface-referenced potential density (e.g., Large and Nurser 2001; Marshall et al. 1999), which is clearly not suitable for the analysis o ...
... of internal sources/sinks of buoyancy that were not previously considered. There are, in fact, two main drawbacks in the current methods. The first is the use of surface-referenced potential density (e.g., Large and Nurser 2001; Marshall et al. 1999), which is clearly not suitable for the analysis o ...
Essential Standard Marine Biology
... M.B 2.1.3 Describe the geographic distribution of the oceans and explain the concept of a world ocean M.B 2.1.4 Describe the topography of the ocean floor and make connections between geographic land forms and tectonic activity Unpacking Objectives: What does this standard mean that a student will k ...
... M.B 2.1.3 Describe the geographic distribution of the oceans and explain the concept of a world ocean M.B 2.1.4 Describe the topography of the ocean floor and make connections between geographic land forms and tectonic activity Unpacking Objectives: What does this standard mean that a student will k ...
Activity report_year N-Template - MONARCH-A
... for the Arctic Ocean. Model simulation spanning 1850-2099 of the ocean carbon cycle highlighting anthropogenic CO2 uptake and horizontal transport for the Arctic and other major oceanic basins, confirming previous findings A preliminary synthesis report of the work progress and achievements for ...
... for the Arctic Ocean. Model simulation spanning 1850-2099 of the ocean carbon cycle highlighting anthropogenic CO2 uptake and horizontal transport for the Arctic and other major oceanic basins, confirming previous findings A preliminary synthesis report of the work progress and achievements for ...
PDF handout
... Zones where lithospheric plates move toward one another and where oceanic lithosphere is consumed back into the mantle. Because oceanic lithosphere is destroyed, convergent plate boundaries are commonly called “destructive” plate boundaries This process ensures that the Earth retains a constant volu ...
... Zones where lithospheric plates move toward one another and where oceanic lithosphere is consumed back into the mantle. Because oceanic lithosphere is destroyed, convergent plate boundaries are commonly called “destructive” plate boundaries This process ensures that the Earth retains a constant volu ...
Introduction to Plate Tectonics
... water. Topography of the continents is also shown with light green representing elevations near sea level and warm colors (yellow and reds) representing high elevations. Solid lines show the plate boundaries and plate names are given by orange label. Dots give earthquake locations and are colored by ...
... water. Topography of the continents is also shown with light green representing elevations near sea level and warm colors (yellow and reds) representing high elevations. Solid lines show the plate boundaries and plate names are given by orange label. Dots give earthquake locations and are colored by ...
Review Article The Oceans – Unlocking the Treasured Drugs
... local and global ecosystems. Ocean exploration often led to new theories, ideas and discoveries, including new medicine. The identification of medically useful compounds produced by marine organisms has reached not only to vitally important drug development opportunities but also to increase in pres ...
... local and global ecosystems. Ocean exploration often led to new theories, ideas and discoveries, including new medicine. The identification of medically useful compounds produced by marine organisms has reached not only to vitally important drug development opportunities but also to increase in pres ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... ice loss (Bintanja et al. 2013)—primarily from basal melt of ice shelves—which could act to cool the sea surface via increased stratification and decreased deep ocean convection as described above. However, Pauling et al. (submitted) point out that best estimates of the current mass imbalance of Ant ...
... ice loss (Bintanja et al. 2013)—primarily from basal melt of ice shelves—which could act to cool the sea surface via increased stratification and decreased deep ocean convection as described above. However, Pauling et al. (submitted) point out that best estimates of the current mass imbalance of Ant ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.