Chemistry
... 11. use chemical skills in contexts which bring together different areas of the subject. These assessment objectives cannot be precisely specified in the Syllabus Content because questions testing such skills may be based on information which is unfamiliar to the candidate. In answering such questio ...
... 11. use chemical skills in contexts which bring together different areas of the subject. These assessment objectives cannot be precisely specified in the Syllabus Content because questions testing such skills may be based on information which is unfamiliar to the candidate. In answering such questio ...
Student Review Packet
... At endpoint: acid moles = base moles or [H+] = [OH-] Strong acid – strong base ...
... At endpoint: acid moles = base moles or [H+] = [OH-] Strong acid – strong base ...
Theoretical problems
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Olah ...
... The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been observed in superacid solutions. George Olah ...
Chemistry 134 Problem Set Introduction
... 14.38 (a) What is the difference between a sapphire and a ruby? (b) Why might aluminum be present with silicon in many minerals? 14.39 (a) List the stable oxidation states for each member of the boron family. (b) For any element that may have more than one stable oxidation state, identify the more s ...
... 14.38 (a) What is the difference between a sapphire and a ruby? (b) Why might aluminum be present with silicon in many minerals? 14.39 (a) List the stable oxidation states for each member of the boron family. (b) For any element that may have more than one stable oxidation state, identify the more s ...
HSC Chemistry Syllabus Notes 2007
... Within a week of the lesson you should go though the content of the lesson in various text books and study guides such as these syllabus notes. In this stage you should begin to understand much of the content. You teacher is there to help you and many times they will help you. Consult your teacher a ...
... Within a week of the lesson you should go though the content of the lesson in various text books and study guides such as these syllabus notes. In this stage you should begin to understand much of the content. You teacher is there to help you and many times they will help you. Consult your teacher a ...
Exam Edge Digital
... given by the equation E2 − E1 = hf. Therefore a line emission spectrum is obtained. (i) Each element has a unique emission line spectrum because each element has a different number of electrons, and each element has its own arrangement of these electrons in different energy levels [i.e. different ...
... given by the equation E2 − E1 = hf. Therefore a line emission spectrum is obtained. (i) Each element has a unique emission line spectrum because each element has a different number of electrons, and each element has its own arrangement of these electrons in different energy levels [i.e. different ...
Macromolecules in Biological System.doc
... In this Module Developer Writing Tip, we will discuss pre-assessments. Pre-assessments are required to highlight the learner’s mastery level of the learning objectives. A pre-assessment always has more to do with helping students learn than with underlining their mistakes. Pre-assessments allow both ...
... In this Module Developer Writing Tip, we will discuss pre-assessments. Pre-assessments are required to highlight the learner’s mastery level of the learning objectives. A pre-assessment always has more to do with helping students learn than with underlining their mistakes. Pre-assessments allow both ...
Physical and Chemical equilibrium
... (ii)At equilibrium, concentration of all reactants and products becomes constant (iii)Equilibrium is dynamic in nature i.e. reaction seems to be static because no change in concentration of reactants or product, but actually reaction takes place in both the directions with same speed (iv)Catalyst do ...
... (ii)At equilibrium, concentration of all reactants and products becomes constant (iii)Equilibrium is dynamic in nature i.e. reaction seems to be static because no change in concentration of reactants or product, but actually reaction takes place in both the directions with same speed (iv)Catalyst do ...
chemistry paper 1
... Members of higher molecular mass are often used to make soap. The first few members are often used to make polymers. The members can commonly react with hydrogen halides to give halohydrocarbons. A. B. C. D. ...
... Members of higher molecular mass are often used to make soap. The first few members are often used to make polymers. The members can commonly react with hydrogen halides to give halohydrocarbons. A. B. C. D. ...
9647 H2 Chemistry
... 10. bring together knowledge, principles and concepts from different areas of chemistry, and apply them in a particular context 11. use chemical skills in contexts which bring together different areas of the subject. These assessment objectives cannot be precisely specified in the Syllabus Content b ...
... 10. bring together knowledge, principles and concepts from different areas of chemistry, and apply them in a particular context 11. use chemical skills in contexts which bring together different areas of the subject. These assessment objectives cannot be precisely specified in the Syllabus Content b ...
Chemistry SAM
... Calculate the volume of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid needed to react with copper(II) carbonate to produce 2.0 g of copper(II) chloride. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. ...
... Calculate the volume of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid needed to react with copper(II) carbonate to produce 2.0 g of copper(II) chloride. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. ...
Textbook Answer Keys - Mr. Massey`s Chemistry Pages
... associated with electronic transitions from upper energy levels down to the n = 2 energy level; 8. D; the line emission spectrum of hydrogen provides evidence for the existence of electron in discrete energy levels, which converge at higher energies; high energy photons of light have a higher freque ...
... associated with electronic transitions from upper energy levels down to the n = 2 energy level; 8. D; the line emission spectrum of hydrogen provides evidence for the existence of electron in discrete energy levels, which converge at higher energies; high energy photons of light have a higher freque ...
Solutions
... ‣ If a double displacement reaction forms CO2 (g), H2S (g), or NH3 (g) gases this irreversible reaction will drive equilibrium forward. ‣ If a double displacement reaction forms H2CO3 (aq) or NH4Cl (aq) these decompose to gases and drive equilibrium forward. NaOH(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) ⇄ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ...
... ‣ If a double displacement reaction forms CO2 (g), H2S (g), or NH3 (g) gases this irreversible reaction will drive equilibrium forward. ‣ If a double displacement reaction forms H2CO3 (aq) or NH4Cl (aq) these decompose to gases and drive equilibrium forward. NaOH(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) ⇄ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ...
Chemistry of Riming: The Retention of Organic and Inorganic
... In the present experiments single component systems were investigated so that the chemical properties were mainly determined by the substances themselves. This implies that possible interactions between various species present in the liquid phase are not considered (with the exception of CO2 ). As l ...
... In the present experiments single component systems were investigated so that the chemical properties were mainly determined by the substances themselves. This implies that possible interactions between various species present in the liquid phase are not considered (with the exception of CO2 ). As l ...
Section 4.8
... Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield Solution Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry Types of Aqueous Solutions and Solubility ...
... Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield Solution Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry Types of Aqueous Solutions and Solubility ...
Answers to examination questions
... The bromine atom has a greater number of protons and hence a greater nuclear charge: 35+ versus 34+. Hence the outer or valence electrons are attracted more strongly. The bromide ion is formed by the addition of one electron to the bromine atom; the selenide ion is formed by the addition of two elec ...
... The bromine atom has a greater number of protons and hence a greater nuclear charge: 35+ versus 34+. Hence the outer or valence electrons are attracted more strongly. The bromide ion is formed by the addition of one electron to the bromine atom; the selenide ion is formed by the addition of two elec ...
File - Junior College Chemistry tuition
... The pH–volume curve obtained when 30 cm3 of NaOH is added to 10 cm3 of the protonated form of glutamic acid of the same concentration is given below. ...
... The pH–volume curve obtained when 30 cm3 of NaOH is added to 10 cm3 of the protonated form of glutamic acid of the same concentration is given below. ...
Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Dilute Nitric Acid
... amount of NaNO2, in 40 vol % dioxan as a solvent, was first studied in detail by Ogata et al.15 They proposed that the reaction proceeded through some intermediate; however, it was not identified. Many other investigators have also studied the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using nitric acid.17-21 Howe ...
... amount of NaNO2, in 40 vol % dioxan as a solvent, was first studied in detail by Ogata et al.15 They proposed that the reaction proceeded through some intermediate; however, it was not identified. Many other investigators have also studied the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using nitric acid.17-21 Howe ...
QualGroupD
... precipitate leaving some Ni2+ in solution along with the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions. Mg2+ and Zn2+ Confirmation Tests: The identification of magnesium is accomplished using the supernatant remaining after the precipitation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ as their sulfides. This supernatant may contain Zn2+ and Mg2+, and p ...
... precipitate leaving some Ni2+ in solution along with the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions. Mg2+ and Zn2+ Confirmation Tests: The identification of magnesium is accomplished using the supernatant remaining after the precipitation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ as their sulfides. This supernatant may contain Zn2+ and Mg2+, and p ...
Chapter 9: Non-aqueous media
... NH3 ) encourage acids to ionize in them. Thus, in a basic solvent, solvent all acids are strong. The solvent is said to exhibit a levelling effect on the acid, since the strength of the dissolved acid cannot exceed that of the protonated solvent. For example, in aqueous solution, no acidic species c ...
... NH3 ) encourage acids to ionize in them. Thus, in a basic solvent, solvent all acids are strong. The solvent is said to exhibit a levelling effect on the acid, since the strength of the dissolved acid cannot exceed that of the protonated solvent. For example, in aqueous solution, no acidic species c ...
Acid
An acid (from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. Non-aqueous acids are usually formed when an anion (negative ion) reacts with one or more positively charged hydrogen cations. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.There are three common definitions for acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition, and the Lewis definition. The Arrhenius definition defines acids as substances which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), or more accurately, hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition is an expansion: an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By this definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O-H or N-H fragments. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. Examples of Lewis acids include all metal cations, and electron-deficient molecules such as boron trifluoride and aluminium trichloride.Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (a solid used in baking). As these examples show, acids can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid.