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... A primary goal of all bodybuilders is to increase testosterone levels and optimise its anabolic effects. Testosterone is a powerful anabolic hormone that is released from the testes in males, and the ovaries and adrenal glands in females. Testosterone’s release is controlled by Luteinising Hormone ( ...
Teaching Notes
Teaching Notes

... A3. The P66 and P51 chains interact with each other. The Nevirapine is bound to the P66 chain, at the back of the polymerase active site. Q4. What protein and non-protein components does this structure (PDB ID 2hmi) contain? A4. The structure includes the P66 and P51 RT proteins. In addition there a ...
Deciphering the genetic code Dr. Syndey Brenner estabilished mRNA
Deciphering the genetic code Dr. Syndey Brenner estabilished mRNA

... known as the cap-binding protein (CBP or eIF4F)---CBP contains a number of small subunits, including eIF4E  Several other eIFs join, and the mRNA then binds to the eIFs-MettRNAiMet-40S ribosomal complex  In this reaction, hydrolysis of ATP is required because a helicase is needed to unwind the hai ...
olivoil avenate surfactant - In
olivoil avenate surfactant - In

... Olivoil Avenate is a non ethoxylated and non sulphated vegetal-derived surfactant. It is a lipoprotein obtained through condensation between the carboxyl group of fatty acids derived from olive (lipophilic side) oil and the amino group of the hydrolyzed wheat proteins (hydrophilic side). Olivoil Ave ...
1. Inter-chain disulfide bonds
1. Inter-chain disulfide bonds

... It is the movement of charged molecules in an electrical field towards the oppositely charged electrode. It is used for separation of proteins for dignosis of some diseases such as immunity disease , genetic diseases ( such as Hb S and Hb C diseases. The rate of migration of charged molecules depend ...
lecture 7
lecture 7

...  must bear sequence tag to target it there  chaperonin required for its own folding ...
translation
translation

... A. Amine groups of amino acids added to carboxyl group of the peptide chain 1. Dehydration synthesis reaction 2. Peptide bond formation 3. Catalyzed by ribosomes ...
Recombinant human insulin-11. Size-exclusion HPLC of
Recombinant human insulin-11. Size-exclusion HPLC of

... structure in native and denaturating conditions was observed. The mechanisms of weak adsorption of linear proinsulin and fusion protein presenting in native, and of formation SDS-protein complex in dynamics denaturating conditions have been revealed. The obtained results are used for SE HPLC analysi ...
Ribosome
Ribosome

... to mRNA. Each tRNA has own nucleotide triplet which binds to matching triplet on mRNA, ex., tRNA with code AAA (triple adenine) would match up with mRNA that has ...
Animal Dicer and plant Dicer-like proteins
Animal Dicer and plant Dicer-like proteins

... et al., 2012a). This offers significant potential to influence the nuclease activity of the enzyme; yet the functions of both domains appear highly diverse. The helicase domain has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on dsRNA processing by human Dicer (Ma et al., 2008). This domain is also cruci ...
Module 17 / Microscopic Level—The Sarcomere
Module 17 / Microscopic Level—The Sarcomere

... little space between the filaments. This zone where thin and thick filaments overlap is very important to muscle contraction, as it is the site where filament movement starts. Thin filaments do not extend completely into the A bands, leaving a central region of the A band that only contains thick fi ...
Class 11 Time : 1 hr. 14-5-2015 First Unit Test in ENGLISH M. Marks
Class 11 Time : 1 hr. 14-5-2015 First Unit Test in ENGLISH M. Marks

... cyanobacteria. It is very rich in proteins. Spirulina farms can produce about 20 times more protein per unit area than soybeans. In addition, Spirulina lacks cellulose in its walls and this makes its protein easily digested and assimilated in the human body. Studies have shown that this protein is 8 ...
bayesian-integration
bayesian-integration

... In the simplest example, we can simply compare two models, and reduce it to a (log) odds ratio of the two models (being ciliary or not being ciliary) and the likelihood that ciliary proteins e.g. interact with ciliary proteins, compared to the likelihood that non-ciliary proteins interact with cili ...
Click Here To View Ebook
Click Here To View Ebook

... immune function, lean muscle mass, and a good supply of energy. Protein is most commonly thought of as being in meats, fishes, and poultries, but it can also be found in cheese, milk, nuts, legumes, and even in some vegetables! Upon consuming any of these foods that are excellent sources of protein, ...
Gel-based proteomics • Electrophoresis • One dimensional
Gel-based proteomics • Electrophoresis • One dimensional

... •  Molecular weight of subunits •  Native molecular weight •  Post-translational modification ...
PERG Survey (2007) Bottlenecks in Protein Expression The goal of
PERG Survey (2007) Bottlenecks in Protein Expression The goal of

... Low expression / Secretion into media ...
Corn MON 88017 - Biotechnology Philippines
Corn MON 88017 - Biotechnology Philippines

... result to yield reduction and reduced quality. Corn rootworm is the most important insect pest in US and has been described as billion-dollar pest complex based on costs with application of soil insecticides and crop losses due to its damage. On January 12, 2005, Monsanto Philippines Inc. submitted ...
Thesis - u
Thesis - u

... 1. Identification of the macromolecules present in Arabidopsis phloem sap We previously showed that PP2-A1 interacts with phloem sap proteins and we carried out a first identification of the phloem proteins present in the sap. We will use the same method to exudate phloem sap and to analyze the popu ...
NurseMate® ASAP Colostrum Supplement for Kids
NurseMate® ASAP Colostrum Supplement for Kids

... Guaranteed Analysis, Each 30 mL syringe contains: Crude Protein (Min) 3%, Crude Fat (Min.) .1%, and Crude Fiber (Max.) .1% This product was made in a feed manufacturing facility that does not handle or store products containing animal proteins prohibited in ruminant feed. Store in a cool, dry enviro ...
7 Putting genetics into optogenetics: knocking out proteins with light
7 Putting genetics into optogenetics: knocking out proteins with light

... protein is then likely to be recognized by chaperone proteins, which attempt to stabilize and refold it. In this model, the chaperone and target protein complex are bound by CHIP, which is a U-box E3 ligase, structurally related to the RING finger ligases [23]. The CHIP E3 ligase recruits the E2 Ub- ...
Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research

... (3,4). Indeed, large patches of positive charges have been suggested to be characteristic of protein–nucleic acid interfaces (5–8). Recently, several methods have been developed for automatic prediction of DNA-binding proteins based on the existence of large positive patches on the protein surface ( ...
Plant nuclear proteomics inside the cell maestro
Plant nuclear proteomics inside the cell maestro

... of proteins [56]. The 2DE process is based on two autonomous separation methods, the first of which is isoelectric focusing. This process is defined by differently charged proteins being separated by their isoelectric points on an immobilized pH gradient. The proteins are then transferred to a large S ...
Crystal structure of ICE and Protein
Crystal structure of ICE and Protein

... With both cooling and pressure different types exist : Ice II,III, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, and X. The types are differentiated by their crystalline structure, ordering and density. ...
Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Formation of Urea:
Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Formation of Urea:

... blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a byproduct from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys.The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Blood urea levels go up in most kidney d ...
Paradoxical Interplay of Viral and Cellular Functions
Paradoxical Interplay of Viral and Cellular Functions

... editing was discovered in trypanosomes and involved insertion or deletion of uridine residues in their mitochondrial mRNA, modifications that gave rise to the synthesis of several proteins [5,6]. One of the biological consequences of editing acting on protein-coding RNA is that multiple proteins can ...
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Protein mass spectrometry



Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important emerging method for the characterization of proteins. The two primary methods for ionization of whole proteins are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In keeping with the performance and mass range of available mass spectrometers, two approaches are used for characterizing proteins. In the first, intact proteins are ionized by either of the two techniques described above, and then introduced to a mass analyzer. This approach is referred to as ""top-down"" strategy of protein analysis. In the second, proteins are enzymatically digested into smaller peptides using a protease such as trypsin. Subsequently these peptides are introduced into the mass spectrometer and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting or tandem mass spectrometry. Hence, this latter approach (also called ""bottom-up"" proteomics) uses identification at the peptide level to infer the existence of proteins.Whole protein mass analysis is primarily conducted using either time-of-flight (TOF) MS, or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). These two types of instrument are preferable here because of their wide mass range, and in the case of FT-ICR, its high mass accuracy. Mass analysis of proteolytic peptides is a much more popular method of protein characterization, as cheaper instrument designs can be used for characterization. Additionally, sample preparation is easier once whole proteins have been digested into smaller peptide fragments. The most widely used instrument for peptide mass analysis are the MALDI time-of-flight instruments as they permit the acquisition of peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs) at high pace (1 PMF can be analyzed in approx. 10 sec). Multiple stage quadrupole-time-of-flight and the quadrupole ion trap also find use in this application.
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