as a PDF
... understanding global heat flow averages, and the source distributions that contribute to them (e.g. [3,6-8]). While such global averages are undoubtedly important, their significance should be evaluated with regard to the following points. Firstly, the so-called global heat flow dataset is strongly ...
... understanding global heat flow averages, and the source distributions that contribute to them (e.g. [3,6-8]). While such global averages are undoubtedly important, their significance should be evaluated with regard to the following points. Firstly, the so-called global heat flow dataset is strongly ...
Energy efficiency`s role in a zero energy building
... emissions and the majority of this power is used to electrify buildings both in the commercial and residential sectors. It is estimated that 21% of all electrical power generated in the United States is consumed by residential buildings. To reduce the total amount of electricity that need be generat ...
... emissions and the majority of this power is used to electrify buildings both in the commercial and residential sectors. It is estimated that 21% of all electrical power generated in the United States is consumed by residential buildings. To reduce the total amount of electricity that need be generat ...
Analysis of Thermal Energy Collection from Precast Concrete Roof
... of segments in the axial direction connected by a fluid flowing through an embedded tube. Each segment is represented by a two-dimensional solid model with top boundary conditions determined using a traditional flat plate solar collector model for convection and radiation from the collector cover pl ...
... of segments in the axial direction connected by a fluid flowing through an embedded tube. Each segment is represented by a two-dimensional solid model with top boundary conditions determined using a traditional flat plate solar collector model for convection and radiation from the collector cover pl ...
Apparent Latent Heat of Evaporation from Clothing
... were made using a thermal manikin (‘Newton’, MTNW, Seattle) shown in Fig. 2. This manikin has 32 zones for which the surface temperature can be controlled independently and the total heat input required to achieve this accurately measured. This heat input is a direct measure of the heat loss from th ...
... were made using a thermal manikin (‘Newton’, MTNW, Seattle) shown in Fig. 2. This manikin has 32 zones for which the surface temperature can be controlled independently and the total heat input required to achieve this accurately measured. This heat input is a direct measure of the heat loss from th ...
Crustal geotherm in southern Deccan Basalt
... (Mascarene Ridge located NE of Reunion island) and found a significantly higher heat flow of 6-8 mW m-2 than the reference heat flow predicted for the seafloor age. Therefore, in this study, we examine whether such an anomalous heat flow (although this is low) can be seen in the present-day crustal ...
... (Mascarene Ridge located NE of Reunion island) and found a significantly higher heat flow of 6-8 mW m-2 than the reference heat flow predicted for the seafloor age. Therefore, in this study, we examine whether such an anomalous heat flow (although this is low) can be seen in the present-day crustal ...
Chen2011-Entransy_a_novel_theory_in_heat_transfer+
... Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University China 1. Introduction It has been estimated that, of all the worldwide energy utilization, more than 80% involves the heat transfer process, and the thermal engineering has for a long time recognized the huge potential for conserving energy an ...
... Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University China 1. Introduction It has been estimated that, of all the worldwide energy utilization, more than 80% involves the heat transfer process, and the thermal engineering has for a long time recognized the huge potential for conserving energy an ...
Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for
... Building energy need for space heating and cooling......................................................................19 Calculation procedure.........................................................................................................................19 Energy need for heating and cool ...
... Building energy need for space heating and cooling......................................................................19 Calculation procedure.........................................................................................................................19 Energy need for heating and cool ...
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Mantle Convection in Io
... the preferred model of Ross et al. (1990) consisting of 2/3 asthenospheric heating plus 1/3 mantle heating. Their tidal dissipation distributions obtained by solving the relevant equations are here approximated using analytical functions, the horizontal forms of which are shown in Fig. 1. In this fi ...
... the preferred model of Ross et al. (1990) consisting of 2/3 asthenospheric heating plus 1/3 mantle heating. Their tidal dissipation distributions obtained by solving the relevant equations are here approximated using analytical functions, the horizontal forms of which are shown in Fig. 1. In this fi ...
Project no. FP6-018505 Project Acronym FIRE PARADOX Project
... necessary to study the interaction of wildland fires and buildings. As previously stated, if the gas and solid phases were completely decoupled, ignition times could be predicted without the need to completely resolve the solid phase. This is particularly important in the use of atmospheric wildfire ...
... necessary to study the interaction of wildland fires and buildings. As previously stated, if the gas and solid phases were completely decoupled, ignition times could be predicted without the need to completely resolve the solid phase. This is particularly important in the use of atmospheric wildfire ...
Tax Office of Enschede
... Summer night time ventilation rate is 3.75 ach. Indoor Air Quality: The CO2 levels in summer and winter are always below the maximum value of 1500 ppm. IAQ is of an acceptable standard. The Coanda effect was investigated and it was only in the most unfavourable room, situated on the fifth floo ...
... Summer night time ventilation rate is 3.75 ach. Indoor Air Quality: The CO2 levels in summer and winter are always below the maximum value of 1500 ppm. IAQ is of an acceptable standard. The Coanda effect was investigated and it was only in the most unfavourable room, situated on the fifth floo ...
Chapter 2 Kiln Types and Features
... Steam has long been the most widely used heating medium for kiln drying of lumber. Steam is moved from the boiler into the kiln by pipes, and the heat is then transferred to the circulating air in the kiln. Historically, many lumber processing operations required steam for a variety of applications, ...
... Steam has long been the most widely used heating medium for kiln drying of lumber. Steam is moved from the boiler into the kiln by pipes, and the heat is then transferred to the circulating air in the kiln. Historically, many lumber processing operations required steam for a variety of applications, ...
Geoneutrinos and the energy budget of the Earth
... Balancing the energy budget of the Earth has proved to be a very difficult exercise. The total energy loss of the Earth can be calculated from heat flux measurements on land and from the cooling plate model on the sea floor. This loss has to be balanced against all the heat sources and the secular cool ...
... Balancing the energy budget of the Earth has proved to be a very difficult exercise. The total energy loss of the Earth can be calculated from heat flux measurements on land and from the cooling plate model on the sea floor. This loss has to be balanced against all the heat sources and the secular cool ...
7. EnergyPro reports and reporting energy data
... After accurate pre-upgrade and proposed or final post-upgrade simulations of the building have been created, modeled energy use (in kWh and therms) will be submitted using the Ygrene energy report. See the EnergyPro reports and reporting energy data section of the handbook for instructions on submit ...
... After accurate pre-upgrade and proposed or final post-upgrade simulations of the building have been created, modeled energy use (in kWh and therms) will be submitted using the Ygrene energy report. See the EnergyPro reports and reporting energy data section of the handbook for instructions on submit ...
REVIEW OF INNOVATIVE DRYING METHODS
... working fluid, a refrigerant such as R-12 or R-114, is a hot pressurized vapor as it leaves the compressor. In the condenser it cools and condenses to a vapor-liquid mixture. It then passes through an expansion valve which regulates the flow rate, causes a pressure drop, and causes further cooling a ...
... working fluid, a refrigerant such as R-12 or R-114, is a hot pressurized vapor as it leaves the compressor. In the condenser it cools and condenses to a vapor-liquid mixture. It then passes through an expansion valve which regulates the flow rate, causes a pressure drop, and causes further cooling a ...
Aalborg Universitet Cooling of the Building Structure by Night-time Ventilation Artmann, Nikolai
... all locations and seasons, CCP was found to decrease substantially by the end of the 21st century, so that night-time cooling will cease to be sufficient to assure thermal comfort in many Southern and Central European buildings. In Northern Europe, a significant passive cooling potential is likely t ...
... all locations and seasons, CCP was found to decrease substantially by the end of the 21st century, so that night-time cooling will cease to be sufficient to assure thermal comfort in many Southern and Central European buildings. In Northern Europe, a significant passive cooling potential is likely t ...
174 Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 34 (1977) 174
... data exist. Where heat flow-heat production data are not available, a new empiricism relating reduced heat flow q* to the mean heat flow of a province q-O,q* ~ 0.6 qo, is used to estimate the reduced heat flow, and the depth parameter b is assigned an average value of 8.5 km. The oceanic crustal hea ...
... data exist. Where heat flow-heat production data are not available, a new empiricism relating reduced heat flow q* to the mean heat flow of a province q-O,q* ~ 0.6 qo, is used to estimate the reduced heat flow, and the depth parameter b is assigned an average value of 8.5 km. The oceanic crustal hea ...
Chapter 11 Energy Efficiency
... U-0.031. The U-factor of 0.042 is representative of a vaulted scissor truss. A 10-inch (254 mm) deep rafter vaulted ceiling with R-30 insulation is U-0.033 and complies with this requirement, not to exceed 50 percent of the total heated space floor area. h. A = Advanced frame construction, which sha ...
... U-0.031. The U-factor of 0.042 is representative of a vaulted scissor truss. A 10-inch (254 mm) deep rafter vaulted ceiling with R-30 insulation is U-0.033 and complies with this requirement, not to exceed 50 percent of the total heated space floor area. h. A = Advanced frame construction, which sha ...
Metal foams as compact high performance heat
... through which the heat was conducted and eventually convected into the coolant stream. The characterization of the open-cell metal foam heat exchangers included measuring the temperature of the heater block, the temperature of the heat spreader plate, the coolant temperature at several locations in ...
... through which the heat was conducted and eventually convected into the coolant stream. The characterization of the open-cell metal foam heat exchangers included measuring the temperature of the heater block, the temperature of the heat spreader plate, the coolant temperature at several locations in ...
The ISOVER Multi-Comfort House – for moderate climate
... planner or architect. Clearly arranged in five chapters. ...
... planner or architect. Clearly arranged in five chapters. ...
Ultra-Thin Flexible Heaters
... than 28,000 standard Ultra-Thin Flexible Heaters to select from and more than 18,000 are cUL and CE certified. It is recommended that you select the heater that is closest to your specification for proof-of-concept testing first before working on a customized solution. When defining the specificatio ...
... than 28,000 standard Ultra-Thin Flexible Heaters to select from and more than 18,000 are cUL and CE certified. It is recommended that you select the heater that is closest to your specification for proof-of-concept testing first before working on a customized solution. When defining the specificatio ...
Energy Efficiency - International Code Council
... HSPF (HEATING SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR) is the total heating output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided by the total electric power input in watt-hours during the same period. HUMIDISTAT is an instrument which measures changes in humidity and controls a device ...
... HSPF (HEATING SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR) is the total heating output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided by the total electric power input in watt-hours during the same period. HUMIDISTAT is an instrument which measures changes in humidity and controls a device ...
EssentialHeatTransfer - University Courses in Electronic Materials
... Most Ceramics: Large range of κ, typically 10 - 200 W m-1 K-1 with diamond and beryllia being exceptions with high κ. At high T, typically above ~100 K, κ decreases with increasing T and eventually saturates at very high T, e.g. ~1000 °C for alumina (Al2O3). Most Glasses: Small κ, typically less tha ...
... Most Ceramics: Large range of κ, typically 10 - 200 W m-1 K-1 with diamond and beryllia being exceptions with high κ. At high T, typically above ~100 K, κ decreases with increasing T and eventually saturates at very high T, e.g. ~1000 °C for alumina (Al2O3). Most Glasses: Small κ, typically less tha ...
radiant cooling systems
... through PEX pipes integrated in the floor structure - Heat radiates up from the warmed floor, providing a comfortable environment by warming people and objects - Warm air also rises due to natural convection - There is also conduction to feet! A radiant cooling system works with the reverse energy t ...
... through PEX pipes integrated in the floor structure - Heat radiates up from the warmed floor, providing a comfortable environment by warming people and objects - Warm air also rises due to natural convection - There is also conduction to feet! A radiant cooling system works with the reverse energy t ...
Evaporators and Condensers
... Evaporators and condensers are sensible heat exchangers in which one of the fluids, the refrigerant, changes phase. They are constructed similar to the sensible heat exchangers described in Chapter 13. An evaporator in a chilled water system would typically be a shell and tube exchanger with refrige ...
... Evaporators and condensers are sensible heat exchangers in which one of the fluids, the refrigerant, changes phase. They are constructed similar to the sensible heat exchangers described in Chapter 13. An evaporator in a chilled water system would typically be a shell and tube exchanger with refrige ...
HVAC
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as in HACR (such as the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of ""exchanging"" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.