Influence of natural convection in a porous medium when producing
... reservoir, which is typical for shallow and medium depth systems used mainly for heating and cooling applications. Our model setup consists of a saturated porous layer situated between heat conducting, unsaturated rock, which acts as heat reservoirs and heat receivers for the saturated layer. The bo ...
... reservoir, which is typical for shallow and medium depth systems used mainly for heating and cooling applications. Our model setup consists of a saturated porous layer situated between heat conducting, unsaturated rock, which acts as heat reservoirs and heat receivers for the saturated layer. The bo ...
Multi-scale anisotropic heat diffusion based on normal
... edges. Anisotropic diffusion, which is much more powerful than standard isotropic diffusion, could control the diffusion direction by assigning weighted heat kernels to vertices. Third, while the kernel function itself can somehow represents surface geometry, it is hard to capture details in the short- ...
... edges. Anisotropic diffusion, which is much more powerful than standard isotropic diffusion, could control the diffusion direction by assigning weighted heat kernels to vertices. Third, while the kernel function itself can somehow represents surface geometry, it is hard to capture details in the short- ...
Apparent latent heat of evaporation from clothing: attenuation and
... They suggested that in that condition the evaporative cooling of the human body when calculated from clothed mass loss may be underestimated. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this error was not present for impermeable clothing when plastic foil was wrapped over the skin, which did not affect th ...
... They suggested that in that condition the evaporative cooling of the human body when calculated from clothed mass loss may be underestimated. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this error was not present for impermeable clothing when plastic foil was wrapped over the skin, which did not affect th ...
Three-dimensional analysis of heat transfer in a micro
... exist a number of assumptions in this classical method, which when combined, significantly reduces the accuracy of the results as noted by Qu and Mudawar [10]. Wesberg et al. [11] solved a two-dimensional conjugate heat transfer problem for microchannel heat sinks to obtain detailed spatial distribut ...
... exist a number of assumptions in this classical method, which when combined, significantly reduces the accuracy of the results as noted by Qu and Mudawar [10]. Wesberg et al. [11] solved a two-dimensional conjugate heat transfer problem for microchannel heat sinks to obtain detailed spatial distribut ...
thermal and moisture control in insulated assemblies - U
... resistance value may be appreciably lower than the estimated value, particularly if the air space is not sealed or of uniform thickness (Palfey 1980). For critical applications, a particular design’s effectiveness should be confirmed by actual test data undertaken by using the ASTM hot box method (A ...
... resistance value may be appreciably lower than the estimated value, particularly if the air space is not sealed or of uniform thickness (Palfey 1980). For critical applications, a particular design’s effectiveness should be confirmed by actual test data undertaken by using the ASTM hot box method (A ...
HOT CLIMATE DOUBLE FAÇADES: Avoiding Solar
... faith in simulated data. This is difficult to generate as the majority of thermal simulation software has no capacity to handle double façade systems as they vary greatly in their detailing as a function of the specific system chosen, combined with climate, exposure and orientation. Many of the buil ...
... faith in simulated data. This is difficult to generate as the majority of thermal simulation software has no capacity to handle double façade systems as they vary greatly in their detailing as a function of the specific system chosen, combined with climate, exposure and orientation. Many of the buil ...
Case Studies In TRIZ: A Novel Heat Exchanger
... In both cases, the analysis is based on qualitative descriptions of the relationships between the individual components of the overall system. It collects information about the positive and negative aspects of these inter-component relationships in the form:SUBJECT Ù ACTION Ù OBJECT In each relation ...
... In both cases, the analysis is based on qualitative descriptions of the relationships between the individual components of the overall system. It collects information about the positive and negative aspects of these inter-component relationships in the form:SUBJECT Ù ACTION Ù OBJECT In each relation ...
Building Energy Performance Simulation Tools - a Life
... case scenario to enable the selection of the HVAC equipment size. Typically, the HVAC equipment is sized based on summer and winter design days that define the extreme conditions for the building in question. They are usually based on static calculations. Annual simulation tools predict the annual e ...
... case scenario to enable the selection of the HVAC equipment size. Typically, the HVAC equipment is sized based on summer and winter design days that define the extreme conditions for the building in question. They are usually based on static calculations. Annual simulation tools predict the annual e ...
Seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps and low
... responsible for almost 80% in northern parts of Europe [4] and Canada [5]. Due to increasing cost of electricity and shortage of fossil fuels together with environmental aspects, renewable energies could be an important alternative solution as energy sources. There are several renewable technologies ...
... responsible for almost 80% in northern parts of Europe [4] and Canada [5]. Due to increasing cost of electricity and shortage of fossil fuels together with environmental aspects, renewable energies could be an important alternative solution as energy sources. There are several renewable technologies ...
cooling of electronic equipment
... of the sun. Unless properly designed and controlled, high rates of heat generation result in high operating temperatures for electronic equipment, which jeopardizes its safety and reliability. The failure rate of electronic equipment increases exponentially with temperature. Also, the high thermal s ...
... of the sun. Unless properly designed and controlled, high rates of heat generation result in high operating temperatures for electronic equipment, which jeopardizes its safety and reliability. The failure rate of electronic equipment increases exponentially with temperature. Also, the high thermal s ...
Investigation of Heat Transfer Due To Isothermal Heater in
... horizontal surface of heater even though both sources have same isothermal temperature. This can be inferred from Fig. 2 that shows the crowded temperature lines near the vertical surface of heater as compared to that of horizontal surface. The larger length of heater pushes the temperature lines to ...
... horizontal surface of heater even though both sources have same isothermal temperature. This can be inferred from Fig. 2 that shows the crowded temperature lines near the vertical surface of heater as compared to that of horizontal surface. The larger length of heater pushes the temperature lines to ...
Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility
... and maintenance contracts to planning for future expansion, operating a commercial or public building is a complex process that leaves you little time for unnecessary activities. Working with your facility staff, you make an effort to provide a pleasant setting and are accustomed to dealing with occ ...
... and maintenance contracts to planning for future expansion, operating a commercial or public building is a complex process that leaves you little time for unnecessary activities. Working with your facility staff, you make an effort to provide a pleasant setting and are accustomed to dealing with occ ...
Simple future weather files for estimating heating and
... Estimations of the future energy consumption of buildings are becoming increasingly important as a basis for energy management, energy renovation, investment planning, and for determining the feasibility of technologies and designs. Future weather scenarios, where the outdoor climate is usually repr ...
... Estimations of the future energy consumption of buildings are becoming increasingly important as a basis for energy management, energy renovation, investment planning, and for determining the feasibility of technologies and designs. Future weather scenarios, where the outdoor climate is usually repr ...
Thermal performance improvements in low
... required in achieving thermal comfort for occupants of the structures when heating is required. (b) The methodology does not explicitly address designed changes in electricity consumption, fuel switches or im ...
... required in achieving thermal comfort for occupants of the structures when heating is required. (b) The methodology does not explicitly address designed changes in electricity consumption, fuel switches or im ...
Construction Tips.
... particle pollution, to levels that pose serious health concerns,” Said the EPA. “Particle pollution is linked to a wide range of serious health effects, including heart attacks, strokes and asthma attacks. In some areas, residential wood smoke makes up a significant portion of the fine particle poll ...
... particle pollution, to levels that pose serious health concerns,” Said the EPA. “Particle pollution is linked to a wide range of serious health effects, including heart attacks, strokes and asthma attacks. In some areas, residential wood smoke makes up a significant portion of the fine particle poll ...
A pre-feasibility study to assess the potential of Open Loop Ground
... the resultant climate change have led to wider global acceptance of the urgent need for alternative renewable energy sources. Ground source heat presents such a viable alternative, having been hydrogeologically and economically refined through much research, design and development in the European Un ...
... the resultant climate change have led to wider global acceptance of the urgent need for alternative renewable energy sources. Ground source heat presents such a viable alternative, having been hydrogeologically and economically refined through much research, design and development in the European Un ...
The general performance characteristics of a Stirling refrigerator with
... Stirling refrigeration cycle under the condition of perfect regeneration [1–3] has the same coefficient of performance as the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle for the same temperature range. The performance of such a Stirling refrigeration cycle has been described in many textbooks. When the St ...
... Stirling refrigeration cycle under the condition of perfect regeneration [1–3] has the same coefficient of performance as the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle for the same temperature range. The performance of such a Stirling refrigeration cycle has been described in many textbooks. When the St ...
Foal Heat Breeding
... 14 to 15 days postpartum and be considered clinically normal. Pregnancy rates are usually higher for mares that ovulate 10 or more days after foaling than mares that ovulate on or before day 9 post foaling. ...
... 14 to 15 days postpartum and be considered clinically normal. Pregnancy rates are usually higher for mares that ovulate 10 or more days after foaling than mares that ovulate on or before day 9 post foaling. ...
Propagation of thermal waves with lateral heat transfer
... temperature at the boundary of a medium is demonstrated by Mikic 12 and Baumeister and Hamil113'14. The solution to the problem due to a step change in heat flux at the boundary is given by Maurer and Thompson 15, while its numerical solution using the method of characteristics is obtained by Wigger ...
... temperature at the boundary of a medium is demonstrated by Mikic 12 and Baumeister and Hamil113'14. The solution to the problem due to a step change in heat flux at the boundary is given by Maurer and Thompson 15, while its numerical solution using the method of characteristics is obtained by Wigger ...
this PDF file
... he modern household expects a constant source of domestic hot water twenty four hours a day. To maintain this supply a typical, commercially available hot water system will use two basic methods to heat the water to the required temperature; electrical or gas powered elements. On average, these hot ...
... he modern household expects a constant source of domestic hot water twenty four hours a day. To maintain this supply a typical, commercially available hot water system will use two basic methods to heat the water to the required temperature; electrical or gas powered elements. On average, these hot ...
Industrial Film Drying - White Rose Research Online
... an outside energy source such as ultra-violet radiation. This is ...
... an outside energy source such as ultra-violet radiation. This is ...
Technical Data Heat Calculations
... When the specific heat of a material changes at some temperature during the heat-up, due to melting (fusion) or evaporation (vaporization), perform Step 1 for the heat absorbed from the initial temperature up to the temperature at the point of change, add Step 2, then repeat Step 1 for heat absorbed ...
... When the specific heat of a material changes at some temperature during the heat-up, due to melting (fusion) or evaporation (vaporization), perform Step 1 for the heat absorbed from the initial temperature up to the temperature at the point of change, add Step 2, then repeat Step 1 for heat absorbed ...
Refrigeration and Air- Conditioning
... IES-15. Ans. (c) R is false. For refrigerating machine our aim is to extract heat from lower temperature source. In heat pump we are interested on heat addition to higher temperature side so it is heat extracted + work added. That so why it’s COP is higher but work requirement is same for both the m ...
... IES-15. Ans. (c) R is false. For refrigerating machine our aim is to extract heat from lower temperature source. In heat pump we are interested on heat addition to higher temperature side so it is heat extracted + work added. That so why it’s COP is higher but work requirement is same for both the m ...
Thermoelectric Cooling Technology
... In general, Peltier elements are very reliable, low maintenance and durable due to the absence of moving parts subject to wear. In addition, they operate quietly and vibration-free. They can be small and lightweight even when combining several modules in one element. Another advantage is low-cost ma ...
... In general, Peltier elements are very reliable, low maintenance and durable due to the absence of moving parts subject to wear. In addition, they operate quietly and vibration-free. They can be small and lightweight even when combining several modules in one element. Another advantage is low-cost ma ...
AHFC Raters Manual - Alaska Association of Energy Professionals
... HOW TO BECOME AN AHFC-AUTHORIZED ENERGY RATER ..............................1 ...
... HOW TO BECOME AN AHFC-AUTHORIZED ENERGY RATER ..............................1 ...
HVAC
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as in HACR (such as the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of ""exchanging"" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.