Ventilative Cooling
... and is based on the findings in the participating countries. The report is an official Annex report that describes the state-of-the-art ventilative cooling potentials and limitations, its consideration in current energy performance regulations, available building components and control strategies an ...
... and is based on the findings in the participating countries. The report is an official Annex report that describes the state-of-the-art ventilative cooling potentials and limitations, its consideration in current energy performance regulations, available building components and control strategies an ...
Sources and sinks of entropy in the atmosphere
... We assume that the volume change for an open system dV = dVX +dVM is either a result of expansion and compression of the atmospheric parcel at constant mass (dVX ) or due to the addition or removal of mass from the parcel at constant pressure and temperature (dVM ). The work done by the parcel is th ...
... We assume that the volume change for an open system dV = dVX +dVM is either a result of expansion and compression of the atmospheric parcel at constant mass (dVX ) or due to the addition or removal of mass from the parcel at constant pressure and temperature (dVM ). The work done by the parcel is th ...
Thermal Envelope Performance
... cases in which they do not perform adequately. Shortcomings in thermal performance are manifested by excessive transfer of heat, air or moisture that can lead to increased energy consumption, poor thermal comfort within the occupied space, and deterioration of envelope materials. While some cases of ...
... cases in which they do not perform adequately. Shortcomings in thermal performance are manifested by excessive transfer of heat, air or moisture that can lead to increased energy consumption, poor thermal comfort within the occupied space, and deterioration of envelope materials. While some cases of ...
FIREBAR Flat Tubular Heaters
... Although it is shorter, the FIREBAR element (heater B) provides the same wattage (800 watts) and watt density 23 W/in2 (3.5 W/cm2) as the round tubular element (heater A). An equal length FIREBAR element (heater C) will provide more wattage (1360 watts) at the same watt density, or a lower watt dens ...
... Although it is shorter, the FIREBAR element (heater B) provides the same wattage (800 watts) and watt density 23 W/in2 (3.5 W/cm2) as the round tubular element (heater A). An equal length FIREBAR element (heater C) will provide more wattage (1360 watts) at the same watt density, or a lower watt dens ...
Design Guide Solutions to Prevent Thermal
... • Condensation or frosting on chilled surfaces, which could lead to: −− Corrosion of metal elements and structure −− Decay of wood-based materials −− Visible patterns on interior or exterior surfaces due to variations of surface temperature and drying potential • Mold growth and associated health ...
... • Condensation or frosting on chilled surfaces, which could lead to: −− Corrosion of metal elements and structure −− Decay of wood-based materials −− Visible patterns on interior or exterior surfaces due to variations of surface temperature and drying potential • Mold growth and associated health ...
chapter 1
... This Manual is the proprietary property of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and protected by copyright and other state and federal laws. By opening and using this Manual the user agrees to the following restrictions, and if the recipient does not agree to these restrictions, the Manual ...
... This Manual is the proprietary property of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and protected by copyright and other state and federal laws. By opening and using this Manual the user agrees to the following restrictions, and if the recipient does not agree to these restrictions, the Manual ...
on fouling in heat exchangers - abuad lms
... Fouling is generally defined as the deposition and accumulation of unwanted materials such as scale, algae, suspended solids and insoluble salts on the internal or external surfaces of processing equipment including boilers and heat exchangers (Fig 1 in appendix). Heat exchangers are process equipme ...
... Fouling is generally defined as the deposition and accumulation of unwanted materials such as scale, algae, suspended solids and insoluble salts on the internal or external surfaces of processing equipment including boilers and heat exchangers (Fig 1 in appendix). Heat exchangers are process equipme ...
LEED for Core and Shell
... • Energy optimization of the core and shell systems and provisions for fit out of tenant spaces to optimize operational building energy use; • Materials and resource guidelines for construction of building core and shell; • Indoor Environmental Quality planning of the building core and shell to ensu ...
... • Energy optimization of the core and shell systems and provisions for fit out of tenant spaces to optimize operational building energy use; • Materials and resource guidelines for construction of building core and shell; • Indoor Environmental Quality planning of the building core and shell to ensu ...
Increased sensor lighting Less bells More glass
... Please can we do something about the annunciators left on needlessly during recess! Close the estate over the holiday period, why do we need to open PCH and offices over Christmas? Modern lights that work and use less energy Save energy by insulating uninsulated pipe, valves, flanges etc. in basemen ...
... Please can we do something about the annunciators left on needlessly during recess! Close the estate over the holiday period, why do we need to open PCH and offices over Christmas? Modern lights that work and use less energy Save energy by insulating uninsulated pipe, valves, flanges etc. in basemen ...
Deep-Seated Oceanic Heat Flow, Heat Deficits, and Hydrothermal
... about 80 Ma the depth increases linearly with the square root of age according the simple boundary layer cooling (Figure 10.1b) (Parker and Oldenberg, 1973; Davis and Lister, 1974). For older ocean floor, the depth increase tapers off exponentially to an asymptotic value of 5,650 m (Stein and Stein, ...
... about 80 Ma the depth increases linearly with the square root of age according the simple boundary layer cooling (Figure 10.1b) (Parker and Oldenberg, 1973; Davis and Lister, 1974). For older ocean floor, the depth increase tapers off exponentially to an asymptotic value of 5,650 m (Stein and Stein, ...
The Regulation of Body Temperature
... Cold also can injure tissues. As a water-based solution freezes, ice crystals consisting of pure water form, so that all dissolved substances in the solution are left in the unfrozen liquid. Therefore, as more ice forms, the remaining liquid becomes more and more concentrated. Freezing damages cells ...
... Cold also can injure tissues. As a water-based solution freezes, ice crystals consisting of pure water form, so that all dissolved substances in the solution are left in the unfrozen liquid. Therefore, as more ice forms, the remaining liquid becomes more and more concentrated. Freezing damages cells ...
Possibilities of using thermal mass in buildings to save energy, cut
... The building sector needs to become more energy efficient. Traditional ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings are to increase the insulation (reducing conductive heat losses), make buildings more air-tight and reduce ventilation losses by heat recovery. Another aspect to consider is the user ...
... The building sector needs to become more energy efficient. Traditional ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings are to increase the insulation (reducing conductive heat losses), make buildings more air-tight and reduce ventilation losses by heat recovery. Another aspect to consider is the user ...
Advances in Thermal Insulation - Vacuum Insulation Panels
... exceptional performance relies on the barrier material preventing gas permeation, maintaining a near vacuum into the core and a minimized thermal bridge effect from the wrapping of barrier material round the edge of a panel. A serpentine edge is proposed to decrease the heat loss at the edge. Modeli ...
... exceptional performance relies on the barrier material preventing gas permeation, maintaining a near vacuum into the core and a minimized thermal bridge effect from the wrapping of barrier material round the edge of a panel. A serpentine edge is proposed to decrease the heat loss at the edge. Modeli ...
Journal of Building Enclosure Design (JBED)
... Industry drying practices It is useful for persons investigating the health of a building assembly to know a little bit about the nature of the basic material they are dealing with. Most commercial lumber used in construction is from softwoods, i.e., from conifers that do not loose their foliage on ...
... Industry drying practices It is useful for persons investigating the health of a building assembly to know a little bit about the nature of the basic material they are dealing with. Most commercial lumber used in construction is from softwoods, i.e., from conifers that do not loose their foliage on ...
A Retrofit of a Victorian House in New Bolsover
... the side of the glass where it originated, while letting visible light pass. This results in more efficient windows because radiant heat originating from indoors in winter is reflected back inside. Standard Assessment Procedure The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the Government’s method of ev ...
... the side of the glass where it originated, while letting visible light pass. This results in more efficient windows because radiant heat originating from indoors in winter is reflected back inside. Standard Assessment Procedure The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the Government’s method of ev ...
The suitability of a compact thermosyphon heat
... density is increasing. The components can be built into smaller assemblies due to development in electrical design. This creates challenges in their cooling. Power electronic components, such as semiconductors, create heat losses while under operation and the heat needs to be conveyed out of the com ...
... density is increasing. The components can be built into smaller assemblies due to development in electrical design. This creates challenges in their cooling. Power electronic components, such as semiconductors, create heat losses while under operation and the heat needs to be conveyed out of the com ...
BESTFAÇADE Best Practice for Double Skin Façades EIE/04/135
... temperature extremes, winds, and sound. Sun-shading devices are often located between the two skins. All elements can be arranged differently into numbers of permutations and combinations of both solid and diaphanous membranes”.1 “The Double Skin Façade is a system consisting of two glass skins plac ...
... temperature extremes, winds, and sound. Sun-shading devices are often located between the two skins. All elements can be arranged differently into numbers of permutations and combinations of both solid and diaphanous membranes”.1 “The Double Skin Façade is a system consisting of two glass skins plac ...
Transient geotherms in Archean continental lithosphere: New
... larger than estimates from the downward extrapolation of geotherms or from fits to (P,T) xenolith data, which are between 200 and 250 km [Rudnick and Nyblade, 1999]. This difference is consistent with the structure of the thermal boundary layer sketched in Figure 1. As shown by Figure 1, however, ne ...
... larger than estimates from the downward extrapolation of geotherms or from fits to (P,T) xenolith data, which are between 200 and 250 km [Rudnick and Nyblade, 1999]. This difference is consistent with the structure of the thermal boundary layer sketched in Figure 1. As shown by Figure 1, however, ne ...
34 Classification of Dryers
... moisture contents than are readily obtained directly by spray drying. In such cases, the powder may be collected from the spray dryer and metered into a duct into which a fresh supply of heated air is introduced. The duct leads to a cyclone collector and the powder dries while being conveyed by the ...
... moisture contents than are readily obtained directly by spray drying. In such cases, the powder may be collected from the spray dryer and metered into a duct into which a fresh supply of heated air is introduced. The duct leads to a cyclone collector and the powder dries while being conveyed by the ...
FINAL REPORT OF THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS March 4, 1998
... has been little to no money spent on preventive maintenance of elementary or middle school unit ventilators, high school air handling units, and other mechanical equipment essential to providing clean air to our classrooms. Dirty unit ventilator internal surfaces are often fouled with mold populatio ...
... has been little to no money spent on preventive maintenance of elementary or middle school unit ventilators, high school air handling units, and other mechanical equipment essential to providing clean air to our classrooms. Dirty unit ventilator internal surfaces are often fouled with mold populatio ...
Commissioning tools for improved energy performance
... The demands of building users regarding the environment are growing. We all request a comfortable and healthy indoor environment but we do not accept any more excessive use of natural resources and pollution of outdoor environment. The energy consumption and the energy costs should indeed be kept on ...
... The demands of building users regarding the environment are growing. We all request a comfortable and healthy indoor environment but we do not accept any more excessive use of natural resources and pollution of outdoor environment. The energy consumption and the energy costs should indeed be kept on ...
Literature Review Summary of Trombe Walls
... summer nights the north doors are shut for security reasons. However, vents in these doors allow natural flushing of the building mass with cool night air. The movable insulation panel may be left in the open position throughout the summer. In winter the Trombe wall vents are sealed. The selective s ...
... summer nights the north doors are shut for security reasons. However, vents in these doors allow natural flushing of the building mass with cool night air. The movable insulation panel may be left in the open position throughout the summer. In winter the Trombe wall vents are sealed. The selective s ...
金茂大厦 jin mao tower
... structure was completely built. After the bolts were installed, the structure was capable of resisting all future design loads. In addition, pins would also fuse and dissipate energy during ...
... structure was completely built. After the bolts were installed, the structure was capable of resisting all future design loads. In addition, pins would also fuse and dissipate energy during ...
C041
... Plate heat exchangers have been a popular choice for use in chemical and food processing applications since the 1930s (Hewitt et al., 1994). Within a compact design, plate heat exchangers offer low fabrication costs, ease of cleaning, adaptability, and high thermal efficiency. Introduction of plate ...
... Plate heat exchangers have been a popular choice for use in chemical and food processing applications since the 1930s (Hewitt et al., 1994). Within a compact design, plate heat exchangers offer low fabrication costs, ease of cleaning, adaptability, and high thermal efficiency. Introduction of plate ...
2008 aWard WinnerS
... A travel plan to encourage greater use of public transport has been developed Car park spaces have been given up for cycle racks Cyclists’ facilities Infrared movement sensors All electricity purchased is from renewable sources Greater use of fresh air and natural light Heating that delivers control ...
... A travel plan to encourage greater use of public transport has been developed Car park spaces have been given up for cycle racks Cyclists’ facilities Infrared movement sensors All electricity purchased is from renewable sources Greater use of fresh air and natural light Heating that delivers control ...
HVAC
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as in HACR (such as the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of ""exchanging"" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.