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Implementation Framework for Climate Change Adaptation Planning
Implementation Framework for Climate Change Adaptation Planning

... Climate change is expected to further impact water quantity and quality (hydrologic cycle) in ways that are uncertain. The likelihood and frequency of extreme weather events, including heavy precipitation, flooding, droughts, and heat waves are expected to further increase in a variety of locations ...
achieving a climate for health
achieving a climate for health

... Extracting and burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial and agricultural activities are producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, black carbon, and methane, which concentrate in the earth’s atmosphere and prevent heat from escaping.5 This phenomenon creates a warming effect on th ...
Ventilation impact of outdoor CO2 concentration increase
Ventilation impact of outdoor CO2 concentration increase

... Increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration highly influences ventilation effects in buildings Change of atmospheric CO2 level also produces an effect on energy loads of buildings. KEYWORDS CO2 concentration, ventilation impact, indoor air quality, building energy 1 INTRODUCTION Recently concentration ...
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Drivers of Biodiversity Loss

... habitat change (broadly equivalent to land use change); eutrophication (and pollution); and overfishing; ...
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... scenarios resulted in reductions of Nile flows during the 21st century. In one of the latest studies based on the results from 4 GCMs, Sayed (2004) expected that the change in rainfall over the Blue Nile basin would be between +2 and +11% for 2030, while rainfall over the White Nile basin would incr ...
SADC Policy paper on Climate Change
SADC Policy paper on Climate Change

... All SADC Member States joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) whose main objective is to stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. In 1995 and realizing that the emission reductions provisions in the Convention were inadequate, a proc ...
PDF
PDF

... model. Moreover, they do not investigate the impact of the correlation between climate and geoengineering uncertainties. Our paper aims at advancing this thin literature by focusing explicitly on the uncertain features of GE. We study the role of the uncertainties surrounding geoengineering and clim ...
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the effects of climate change in the netherlands: 2012
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... Much more recently, the closely related phenomenon of geoengineering has started to attract scholarly − and public − attention (Corner, Pidgeon, & Parkhill, 2012; Pidgeon et al., 2012). Geoengineering has been defined as deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system, in order to ...
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... occurs throughout Australia, with a maximum during the warmer months and a minimum during the cooler months (Kuleshov et al. 2006; Dowdy and Kuleshov 2014). The central Eastern Seaboard region experiences about 20-50 days a year on average, depending on location, which is higher than most other loca ...
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... So what do long term (2000 year) climate data STILL say? On 18 April 2012, very recently, a major study was published: The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability, by B. Christiansen and F. C. Ljungqvist, Climate of the P ...
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... 1. The economic impact of land productivity improvement is minor compared to that of foreign investment. 2. Growth of African agriculture does not necessarily improve local food security, although it stimulates exports and GDP. 3. Who enjoys the harvest of Africa? Local poverty reduction and food se ...
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... certain activities can result in additional demands that the project cannot meet, which can be frustrating for beneficiaries; (iii) the direct effects of such projects on policymaking are relatively limited because many other political, social and economic factors are at play. RECOMMENDATIONS To con ...
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... • The first criterion is the inclusion of integrated climate change aspects. Some degree of inclusion is a prerequisite for the other criteria utilised. When integrating a policy, it is essential that different policy instruments are consistent with one another, or as phrased by Lafferty and Hovden ...
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... of human emissions of heat-trapping gases. Projections in Cape Hatteras NS need not get as hot as those of were made for two different possible futures: one scenario Galveston. As indicated, these projections are based on a with a lower level of future emissions of heat-trapping medium-high level of ...
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Global Climate Projections

... system parameters complement expert judgement. New results corroborate those given in the Third Assessment Report (TAR). Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates will cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would ver ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin

... It is impossible to use all 77 climate change scenarios for the impact analyses so instead we used a rather representative subset of climate scenarios. Most of the assessments were based on six different global climate change scenarios; however for some studies like the analysis of the forest carbon ...
(Accredited) - AS Level Geography - H081
(Accredited) - AS Level Geography - H081

... questions broken down into key ideas and content columns. The content column indicates what will be assessed. The content is studied, as appropriate, at a variety of scales from local to global. The content should be contextualised through case studies and exemplars where appropriate. Learners shoul ...
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer

... need for air conditioning to use of alternative substances such as hydrocarbons and ammonia, to use of HFCs with less global warming potential and shorter lifetimes than those of current concern. The current gap between the ambition of nations and the scientific reality of where the world is heading ...
The Solar Radiation Budget, and High
The Solar Radiation Budget, and High

... in transient climate change experiments. This spread may be dramatically reduced by exploiting the northern hemisphere springtime warming and simultaneous snow retreat as an analog for anthropogenic climate change. Large intermodel variations in snow albedo feedback's strength in human-induced clima ...
Common Concern and Global Public Goods: Evidence, Bits and
Common Concern and Global Public Goods: Evidence, Bits and

... has come a long way. The review and assessment of the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) amounts to one of the most comprehensive efforts at bridging gaps between scientific research and informed policy making.1 Eq ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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