Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe - Clima-net
... coastal zones, wetlands and the Mediterranean region are particularly vulnerable. Although there are some positive effects, many impacts are adverse. Existing adaptive measures are concentrated in flood defence, so there is considerable scope for adaptation planning and implementation in other areas ...
... coastal zones, wetlands and the Mediterranean region are particularly vulnerable. Although there are some positive effects, many impacts are adverse. Existing adaptive measures are concentrated in flood defence, so there is considerable scope for adaptation planning and implementation in other areas ...
Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
... Technical Report, a preliminary Adaptation Strategy Report, and a Community Action Plan with recommendations for future adaptation options and strategies. This technical report comprises the first milestone of the project. It represents the work of a multidisciplinary team led by staff of the Swinom ...
... Technical Report, a preliminary Adaptation Strategy Report, and a Community Action Plan with recommendations for future adaptation options and strategies. This technical report comprises the first milestone of the project. It represents the work of a multidisciplinary team led by staff of the Swinom ...
Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline
... However, the magnitude of GHG-induced climate change required to slowdown or shutdown the THC is highly uncertain. Thus it is desirable to separate the THC-induced climate change from the GHG-induced climate change so that they can subsequently be combined to address a series of critical questions. ...
... However, the magnitude of GHG-induced climate change required to slowdown or shutdown the THC is highly uncertain. Thus it is desirable to separate the THC-induced climate change from the GHG-induced climate change so that they can subsequently be combined to address a series of critical questions. ...
Projected responses of North American grassland - ace
... North America in recent decades (Sauer and Link 2011, NABCI 2014), which have been linked to land use changes, especially agricultural intensification resulting in grassland degradation (Askins et al. 2007). Consequently, grassland birds are among the most at-risk avian groups in North America (NABC ...
... North America in recent decades (Sauer and Link 2011, NABCI 2014), which have been linked to land use changes, especially agricultural intensification resulting in grassland degradation (Askins et al. 2007). Consequently, grassland birds are among the most at-risk avian groups in North America (NABC ...
How the Second Delta Committee Set the
... intrinsic; meaning is invested in a symbol by those who use it – its meaning is created collectively. An important feature of symbols is their potential ambiguity because they can refer to more than one thing at the same time. Or as Yanow (1996) says: "[t]he power of symbols lies in their potential ...
... intrinsic; meaning is invested in a symbol by those who use it – its meaning is created collectively. An important feature of symbols is their potential ambiguity because they can refer to more than one thing at the same time. Or as Yanow (1996) says: "[t]he power of symbols lies in their potential ...
HCFC Phase out
... developed countries. However, the use of air conditioners by urban residents has increased from 8 per cent in 1995 to 70 per cent in 2004 and use of refrigerators has increased from 66 per cent to 90 per cent over the same period. As this growth is expected to continue, the consequences for the clim ...
... developed countries. However, the use of air conditioners by urban residents has increased from 8 per cent in 1995 to 70 per cent in 2004 and use of refrigerators has increased from 66 per cent to 90 per cent over the same period. As this growth is expected to continue, the consequences for the clim ...
Climate Impacts on the Winter Tourism Economy in the
... of winter sports tourists also affect restaurants, lodging, gas stations, grocery stores, and bars.7 This study aims to help policy makers understand both the ski and snowmobile industry's current economic scale as well as the potential economic impacts that climate change may cause. Using industry ...
... of winter sports tourists also affect restaurants, lodging, gas stations, grocery stores, and bars.7 This study aims to help policy makers understand both the ski and snowmobile industry's current economic scale as well as the potential economic impacts that climate change may cause. Using industry ...
Arctic
... stratospheric ozone, the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the Earth’s surface increases by 1.5% to 2%. Enhanced UV-B radiation can have subtle but long term impacts on ecosystem processes that reduce nutrient cycling and indirectly decrease productivity (Fergusson and Warlde, 1998). Since the signi ...
... stratospheric ozone, the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the Earth’s surface increases by 1.5% to 2%. Enhanced UV-B radiation can have subtle but long term impacts on ecosystem processes that reduce nutrient cycling and indirectly decrease productivity (Fergusson and Warlde, 1998). Since the signi ...
Carbon pricing: how best to use the revenue?
... for energy efficiency improvements. The extra spending appropriate for any particular nation will depend on how its environmental policies have evolved. However, there is a strong case for all countries to increase spending on low-carbon research, development and deployment, particularly in nations ...
... for energy efficiency improvements. The extra spending appropriate for any particular nation will depend on how its environmental policies have evolved. However, there is a strong case for all countries to increase spending on low-carbon research, development and deployment, particularly in nations ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... history of surface temperatures, with temporal resolution decreasing with depth. These provide estimates of overall ground surface temperature changes from one century to the next (Pollack et al. 1998; Huang et al. 2000). Proxies of past climate are natural archives that have, in some way, incorpora ...
... history of surface temperatures, with temporal resolution decreasing with depth. These provide estimates of overall ground surface temperature changes from one century to the next (Pollack et al. 1998; Huang et al. 2000). Proxies of past climate are natural archives that have, in some way, incorpora ...
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change for Canada
... As the speed and scale of climate change is uncertain, we need to consider the probability of both higher and lower costs. The NRTEE’s research sheds new light on how to assess national economic risks. Our modelling shows not just the average results listed above, but what those economic costs could ...
... As the speed and scale of climate change is uncertain, we need to consider the probability of both higher and lower costs. The NRTEE’s research sheds new light on how to assess national economic risks. Our modelling shows not just the average results listed above, but what those economic costs could ...
Ground water and climate change
... ecological functions such as in-stream habitats for fish and other aquatic species31. The effects of receding alpine glaciers on groundwater systems are also not well understood, yet the long-term loss of glacial storage is estimated to reduce similarly summer baseflow 32. In the glaciated watershed ...
... ecological functions such as in-stream habitats for fish and other aquatic species31. The effects of receding alpine glaciers on groundwater systems are also not well understood, yet the long-term loss of glacial storage is estimated to reduce similarly summer baseflow 32. In the glaciated watershed ...
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
... which GHGs are the dominant forcing: 12 idealized integrations forced solely by CO2 concentration growing by 1% per year from pre-industrial levels and stabilizing at quadrupled the initial value (hereafter 4x), and 19 so-called A1B climate-change scenario integrations (hereafter A1B) in which CO2 i ...
... which GHGs are the dominant forcing: 12 idealized integrations forced solely by CO2 concentration growing by 1% per year from pre-industrial levels and stabilizing at quadrupled the initial value (hereafter 4x), and 19 so-called A1B climate-change scenario integrations (hereafter A1B) in which CO2 i ...
Climate Change and European Agriculture - EDOC HU
... method of Gaussian Quadratures. Despite the necessity of sensitivity analysis in climate impact assessments, stochastic analysis has so far been neglected in literature. The second method uses the five individual LPJmL outputs to generate a distribution of results. That way, uncertainty stemming fro ...
... method of Gaussian Quadratures. Despite the necessity of sensitivity analysis in climate impact assessments, stochastic analysis has so far been neglected in literature. The second method uses the five individual LPJmL outputs to generate a distribution of results. That way, uncertainty stemming fro ...
Climate Change in Queensland
... since 1880. Last year was the fifth warmest year in the 160 years of global instrumental temperature records, with 1998 being the warmest. Queensland is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, more frequent heatwaves, more intense rainfall events in some regions and ...
... since 1880. Last year was the fifth warmest year in the 160 years of global instrumental temperature records, with 1998 being the warmest. Queensland is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, more frequent heatwaves, more intense rainfall events in some regions and ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... vapor, which was far more abundant? Because the level of water vapor in the atmosphere fluctuated daily, whereas the level of CO2 was set over a geological timescale by emissions from volcanoes. If the emissions changed, the alteration in the CO2 greenhouse effect would only slightly change the glob ...
... vapor, which was far more abundant? Because the level of water vapor in the atmosphere fluctuated daily, whereas the level of CO2 was set over a geological timescale by emissions from volcanoes. If the emissions changed, the alteration in the CO2 greenhouse effect would only slightly change the glob ...
Environment and Climate Change Assessment
... development partner support, lessons learned from past ADB support, and possible future ADB assistance. The product serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can work together to tackle the challenges of climate change and environmental sustainability in the coming years. ...
... development partner support, lessons learned from past ADB support, and possible future ADB assistance. The product serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can work together to tackle the challenges of climate change and environmental sustainability in the coming years. ...
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate
... sea-ice model (Fichefet and Maqueda, 1997). CLIMBER3α satisfactorily describes the large-scale characteristics of the atmosphere, ocean and sea-ice on seasonal and longer timescales. The present study builds upon a previous climate simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 kyr BP; Montoya ...
... sea-ice model (Fichefet and Maqueda, 1997). CLIMBER3α satisfactorily describes the large-scale characteristics of the atmosphere, ocean and sea-ice on seasonal and longer timescales. The present study builds upon a previous climate simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 kyr BP; Montoya ...
PDF
... Empirical approaches have been applied to explore the relationship between the natural environment and human behavior (An, 2012). However, econometric models do not capture the dynamics of coupled human and natural systems at a process level and thus provide an incomplete basis for projecting the ad ...
... Empirical approaches have been applied to explore the relationship between the natural environment and human behavior (An, 2012). However, econometric models do not capture the dynamics of coupled human and natural systems at a process level and thus provide an incomplete basis for projecting the ad ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Australian Indian Ocean
... A range of adaptation options has been identified for each Territory. Adapting to climate change involves preparing for, responding to and coping with climate induces changes. This can be best achieved through government and community working together to improve the ability of island communities to ...
... A range of adaptation options has been identified for each Territory. Adapting to climate change involves preparing for, responding to and coping with climate induces changes. This can be best achieved through government and community working together to improve the ability of island communities to ...
Module: Introduction
... Stora Enso is the global rethinker of the paper, biomaterials, wood products and packaging industry. We always rethink the old and expand to the new to offer our customers innovative solutions based on renewable materials. The Group has some 28 000 employees in more than 35 countries worldwide, and ...
... Stora Enso is the global rethinker of the paper, biomaterials, wood products and packaging industry. We always rethink the old and expand to the new to offer our customers innovative solutions based on renewable materials. The Group has some 28 000 employees in more than 35 countries worldwide, and ...
Climate Change and Re-Insurance: The Human Security Issue
... The re-insurance industry does not have the luxury of time in which to debate the ‘possibility,’ of climate change but rather to focus on the ‘probability’ of the consequences. With the cost of natural disasters predicted to rise exponentially in coming decades, the issue of human security is measur ...
... The re-insurance industry does not have the luxury of time in which to debate the ‘possibility,’ of climate change but rather to focus on the ‘probability’ of the consequences. With the cost of natural disasters predicted to rise exponentially in coming decades, the issue of human security is measur ...
third national communication of the russian federation
... level in Russia during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008 to 2012. • Development of a national system to estimate anthropogenic emissions by source and removal by sinks of all greenhouse gases (according to the Kyoto Protocol - not later than one year prior to the start of t ...
... level in Russia during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008 to 2012. • Development of a national system to estimate anthropogenic emissions by source and removal by sinks of all greenhouse gases (according to the Kyoto Protocol - not later than one year prior to the start of t ...
Climate change alters interannual variation of grassland
... included (Fig. 5b). In contrast, MAB in June and August was negatively related to the temperatures for the preceding 2 (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.023) and 4–5 (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.023) months, respectively (Fig. 5c, e), while MAB in July and September did not show significant correlations with temperature (Fig. ...
... included (Fig. 5b). In contrast, MAB in June and August was negatively related to the temperatures for the preceding 2 (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.023) and 4–5 (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.023) months, respectively (Fig. 5c, e), while MAB in July and September did not show significant correlations with temperature (Fig. ...
View PDF - Hofstra Law
... Examining the dynamics of U.S. climate change public opinion is important for a few reasons. First, public opinion sometimes exerts a direct influence on policy outcomes.9 Policy-makers weigh several factors when making policy decisions: scientific advice, economic feasibility, moral concerns, and t ...
... Examining the dynamics of U.S. climate change public opinion is important for a few reasons. First, public opinion sometimes exerts a direct influence on policy outcomes.9 Policy-makers weigh several factors when making policy decisions: scientific advice, economic feasibility, moral concerns, and t ...