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Slide 1
Slide 1

... “The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen and concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, AR5 WGI September 2013 ...
UK Climate Projections science report: Marine and coastal projections
UK Climate Projections science report: Marine and coastal projections

... Climate Projections User Guidance gives advice on how the information in this report and via the User Interface can be used. The structure and approach of the UK Climate Projections marine scenarios is very different to that of the UK climate projections over land described in UK Climate Projections ...
PDF
PDF

... change do so by limiting the atmospheric emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.1 Perhaps the two most important design elements within such policies are the amount by which greenhouse gases are reduced and the time frame over which such reductions take place. One can imagine a hypothetical poli ...
Climate scientists need to set the record straight
Climate scientists need to set the record straight

... to public understanding of climate change, scientists can help a broader cross section of American society—and perhaps people in other nations as well—to better understand the realities and risks of climate change, as well as the range of potential solutions. Furthermore, an effort to communicate the ...
The Science of Climate Change
The Science of Climate Change

... • “All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be…. ” – Kevin Trenberth • Global Warming may not be the “cause” of a weather event, but it increases the probability that it will be more severe • Warmer temperatur ...
What is meant by `balancing sources and sinks of greenhouse gases
What is meant by `balancing sources and sinks of greenhouse gases

... anthropogenic (man-made) sources and sinks of greenhouse gases must be reached by 2050-2100. An overall greenhouse gas ‘balance’ must consider individual gases in terms of how strongly they absorb solar infrared radiation, their concentration in the atmosphere, and their lifetime in the atmosphere. ...
Project No. 282910 Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution
Project No. 282910 Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution

... main indicators for ecosystems damage. Such critical levels and loads are established for current climatic conditions by national teams and compiled into European-wide databases. However, the quantification of critical thresholds is critically influenced by climate change, and additional processes t ...
CLIMATE CHANGE CLUSTER
CLIMATE CHANGE CLUSTER

... costs of such climate related health impacts have to be assessed. Climate change may increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events (e.g. floods, landslides, forest fires, droughts, etc.). This leads to increased risks for human health and goods and chattels. Significant differences between ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy

... development imperatives, and sensible climate policy actions. She takes as her starting point the Copenhagen Accord, the major substantive outcome of the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP-15) of the UNFCCC, in Copenhagen, in December 2009. Cao seeks to identify an international climate policy ...
Ground surface temperature scenarios in complex high
Ground surface temperature scenarios in complex high

... and quantitative impact of changes in climatic conditions on local to microscale ground surface temperature (GST) and the ground thermal regime is not readily apparent. This study assesses a possible range of changes in the GST (DGST) in complex mountain topography. To account for uncertainties asso ...
WHAT DOES CLIMATE CHANGE MEAN FOR
WHAT DOES CLIMATE CHANGE MEAN FOR

... © Climate Council of Australia Ltd 2014 This work is copyright the Climate Council of Australia Ltd. All material contained in this work is copyright the Climate Council of Australia Ltd except where a third party source is indicated. Climate Council of Australia Ltd copyright material is licensed u ...
Climatic changes (Franck Roux) - Severe Weather Information Centre
Climatic changes (Franck Roux) - Severe Weather Information Centre

... • There is a clear tendency among these models at higher resolution to project an increase in the frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones, although this may not occur in all basins. • Globally, the proportion of Cat-4,5 storms may increase by 0-25%. • For individual basins, projections based on ...
Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change
Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change

... Many Pacific nations host important areas of mangroves, which provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to climate change adaptation, such as flood, storm and erosion control; prevention of salt water intrusion; and breeding, spawning and nursery habitat for commercial fish species. The ch ...
A Cost-benefit Analysis of the Australian Carbon Tax
A Cost-benefit Analysis of the Australian Carbon Tax

... Abstract: Within economic literature, the topic of global warming and efforts to mitigate it are being thoroughly discussed. The ability for climate change to impact businesses and households globally has driven economists worldwide to develop policy proposals with carbon emissions reductions as a p ...
Zero Deforestation and the future of Brazil
Zero Deforestation and the future of Brazil

... Convention on Climate Change (COP21). It is a crucial moment for setting up a new agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions starting in 20203. On the occasion, Brazil is expected to present its national proposal for fighting climate change, which already contains important results. Among them, th ...
Statement of witness James E. Hansen
Statement of witness James E. Hansen

... in response to climate change. The feedbacks can either amplify or diminish the initial climate change. The most powerful feedback is provided by water vapor. The atmosphere holds more water vapor as air becomes warmer, as is readily noticed by comparing summer and winter. Thus water vapor causes a ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources

... Seasonal changes in precipitation will not only affect winter recreation, but could have a major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller snowpacks that melt sooner to generat ...
4. Climate Change Scenarios
4. Climate Change Scenarios

... scale to country level to provincial level. Although it is likely that temperatures will eventually rise in most regions of the world,1 changes at the regional scale in many other key variables, such as precipitation, are uncertain for most regions. Even where the direction of change is certain or l ...
Constraints on radiative forcing and future climate change from
Constraints on radiative forcing and future climate change from

... Figure 3 Probabilistic surface warming projections for two IPCC scenarios, as constrained by the observed atmospheric and oceanic warming. a, Range (5–95%) of projected global-mean surface air temperature increase (10-yr running mean) for the IPCC SRES illustrative emission scenarios B1 (solid lines ...
MS Word format, with endnotes - Christianity For Thinkers Home Page
MS Word format, with endnotes - Christianity For Thinkers Home Page

... will promote more frequent El Niño-like conditions, decreasing rainfall across the Amazon basin. By 2100, this combination of higher temperatures, higher CO2 levels, and decreasing rainfall could devastate the rain forest, leaving behind only grasses, shrubs, and even desert vegetation in some place ...
The European climate under a 2 °C global warming
The European climate under a 2 °C global warming

... which society should endeavor to remain below, in order to limit the dangerous effects of anthropogenic climate change. The possible changes in regional climate under this target level of global warming have so far not been investigated in detail. Using an ensemble of 15 regional climate simulations ...
When can we expect extremely high surface temperatures?
When can we expect extremely high surface temperatures?

... notes that only a few of the investigated regional climate models are able to correctly reproduce observed extreme temperatures. Therefore some caution is needed when interpreting projected T100 -values. The same model deficiencies that cause an overestimation of present-day extreme temperatures (e. ...
Geography Specification B - Unit 1
Geography Specification B - Unit 1

... This unit has three sections. Section A is compulsory, and Sections B and C contain optional topics. Section A – Introduction to the Dynamic Planet – Compulsory topics: Restless Earth, Changing Climate, Battle for the Biosphere and Water World. (48 marks) Section B – Small-scale Dynamic Planet – Opt ...
11. Tax and climate change
11. Tax and climate change

... First, climate change is distinguished from other environmental issues by the potential scale of the problem and the current degree of uncertainty about the process. There is broad scientific consensus that climate change is occurring as a result of the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other ...
Climate Drivers
Climate Drivers

... insolation allows snow and ice accumulated in the cold season to survive, while maximum summer insolation tends to melt the ice sheets. ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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