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Circulation patterns related to debris-flow triggering
Circulation patterns related to debris-flow triggering

... events for this season (Beniston et al., 2007; Christensen and Christensen, 2007; Rajczak et al., 2013; Gobiet et al., 2014). However, the precipitation quantities during future extreme precipitation events may well be on the rise (Christensen and Christensen, 2003; Emori and Brown, 2005; Kharin et ...
Occasional Paper #2 - Institute for Science Innovation and Society
Occasional Paper #2 - Institute for Science Innovation and Society

... For about half a decade, climate engineering2 (CE) is not only an object of interest for natural scientists and engineers anymore. Particularly the wide, in some cases global scope of effects of climate engineering technologies as well as their deep implications for human society make those technolo ...
Š›‹˜—ȱŠ¡ȱŠ—ȱ	›ŽŽ—‘˜žœŽȱ	Šœȱ˜—›˜•DZȱ ™’˜—œȱŠ—ȱ˜—œ’Ž›Š’˜—œȱ˜›ȱ˜—›Žœœȱ
Š›‹˜—ȱŠ¡ȱŠ—ȱ ›ŽŽ—‘˜žœŽȱ Šœȱ˜—›˜•DZȱ ™’˜—œȱŠ—ȱ˜—œ’Ž›Š’˜—œȱ˜›ȱ˜—›Žœœȱ

... In economics parlance, the social cost not reflected in the market price is called an “externality.” A pollution tax would internalize the external costs by making the party who profits from the polluting activity include the external costs in the price of the good or service. Policymakers could pla ...
PDF
PDF

... cultural barriers which may exist when e.g. considering migration as a needed form of adaptation. As often seen in disasters, people are not willing to leave their houses no matter the consequences, they have such ties to their homes that resettlement is not a socially viable option. Moreover certai ...
Land subsidence Causes, impacts and adaptive
Land subsidence Causes, impacts and adaptive

... Deltares, is trying to come up with a long-term, multisectoral and affordable approach to address these challenges: the Mekong Delta Plan. When developing adaptation and mitigation strategies, underlying challenges concern, among others, understanding of sectoral and cross-cutting issues such as sub ...
North American megadroughts in the Common Era
North American megadroughts in the Common Era

... interpreting and analyzing the climate dynamics associated with drought events. Finally, tree growth is highly sensitive to moisture availability over much of North America, ensuring high quality and well validated reconstructions. One of the most comprehensive reconstructions of North American hydr ...
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health

... Chapter 15 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion ...
Link-Securitization - Open Evidence Archive
Link-Securitization - Open Evidence Archive

... The relationship between economic activity and environmental quality is extremely complex. It is difficult to define, let alone meaningfully measure, the size of the economy or environmental quality. Consequently, our understanding of the interaction between the economy and the environment is primar ...
AMERICAN CLIMATE VALUES 2014 insights by racial
AMERICAN CLIMATE VALUES 2014 insights by racial

... disparity.17 And, the psychological impacts of climate change, such as stress, anxiety, depression, increases in violence and aggression, and loss of community identity, are seen at higher rates in specific populations within these racial/ethnic groups as a result of climate-related natural disaster ...
Why is socially-just climate change adaptation in sub
Why is socially-just climate change adaptation in sub

... Our Framing and Approach to the Review We use a meta-theoretical approach in our review. We recognize the links between low levels of development and the notion, albeit somewhat problematic, of an adaptation deficit in Africa.23,42 We think about barriers primarily in terms of how they hamper the bu ...
The Virgin Islands Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment of the
The Virgin Islands Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment of the

... APPENDIX 4 - INITIAL PLANS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF THE CANE GARDEN BAY BEACH COMMUNITY ........................................................................................................................ 265 APPENDIX 5 - SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS RELEVANT TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MIT ...
Glantz 2004 - Ilan Kelman
Glantz 2004 - Ilan Kelman

... among the needs and interests of specific targeted audiences for a report on the development of a Climate Affairs Program (or activity) and Center at education or training center. As I see it, while the direct contact for setting up a climate affairs activity (i.e., a client) is an agency of governm ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Of Mountain
Climate Change Vulnerability Of Mountain

... individual experts in collaboration with institutions that synthesised the available information on the region. A summary of the findings of the rapid assessment was published in 2009, and is being followed with a series of publication comprising the main vulnerability synthesis report (this publica ...
PDF
PDF

... locations. According to the US Global Change Research Program, heavy downpours throughout the central United States are currently experiencing a significant upward trend, and the region is expected to see an increase in the span of time between rainfall events. Additionally, the variability in the w ...
Situation Analysis on Climate Change - 400 Bad Request
Situation Analysis on Climate Change - 400 Bad Request

... In looking at population data for the Indian states that comprise the GBM region (see Table 5), it should be noted the information is state-wise, rather than strictly within the boundaries of the GBM basin, resulting in an overall increase in population; this discrepancy will appear a few more times ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in

... Northwest China from 1951 to 2004. The shaded areas denote exceeding the 95% significant level ... 6 Fig. 2.2: Distributions of linear trend coefficients of extreme warm events (2a, Unit: day/yr) and extreme cold events (2b, Unit: day/yr) in Northwest China from 1951 to 2004. The shaded areas denote ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources
Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources

... The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) is responsible for the management of the State’s natural resources, ranging from policy leadership to on-ground delivery in consultation with government, industry and communities. High-quality science and effective monitoring provide ...
Extreme Weather Events in Europe: preparing for climate change
Extreme Weather Events in Europe: preparing for climate change

... This study arises from the concern that changes in weather patterns will be one of the principal effects of climate change and with these will come extreme weather. This is of considerable consequence in Europe as it impacts on the vulnerability of communities across the continent and exposes them t ...
Framework for Implementation of Climate
Framework for Implementation of Climate

... climate and how to play a role in its mitigation. This Framework for Implementation of NCCP is developed keeping in view the current and future anticipated climate change threats to Pakistan’s various sectors. In view of Pakistan’s high vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change, in part ...
Climate Vulnerability in Asia`s High Mountains
Climate Vulnerability in Asia`s High Mountains

... Change Impacts In its 2013 Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified AHM as a region likely to receive increasingly extreme and variable weather due to shifts in climate (IPCC, 2013b). Regional studies have shown that a single extreme weather event can accoun ...
Climate Vulnerability in Asia`s High Mountains
Climate Vulnerability in Asia`s High Mountains

... Change Impacts In its 2013 Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified AHM as a region likely to receive increasingly extreme and variable weather due to shifts in climate (IPCC, 2013b). Regional studies have shown that a single extreme weather event can accoun ...
Past and future influence of climate change on spatially
Past and future influence of climate change on spatially

... and will be almost distributed in the north of China, except the northeast and northwest China with significant but varying influence of temperature rising, while the regions with temperature dominated vegetation activity mainly located in the southern part of China. There will be different climatic ...
Klimatologie & Hydrologie II
Klimatologie & Hydrologie II

... are much more uncertain than most people believe! ...
Saving Kyoto - Graciela Chichilnisky
Saving Kyoto - Graciela Chichilnisky

... obvious political acceptability problems. The main danger, in my view, is not to question Kyoto and to search for an alternative to it, but, while doing so, to forget the intellectual roots of the Kyoto Protocol, its overall consistency and the deep political rationale for its emergence. This would ...
climate change and water quality in the great lakes region
climate change and water quality in the great lakes region

... Figure 2-13: Changes in lake ice duration at Lake Mendota, Wisconsin.........................................24 Figure 2-14: Ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, March 25, 1987 ........................................................25 Figure 2-15: Ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, March 26, 1999 ....... ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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