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1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and
1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and

... together the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, irrespective of their GDP. The Kyoto Protocol’s stipulation that only Annex I countries reduce their GHG emissions does not reflect today’s or tomorrow’s climate change reality. Major developing countries that are major GHG emitters should also be as ...
StudyQuestions4
StudyQuestions4

... involved in the cycling of water between the different reservoirs? 2. How are water supplies important for human life, for energy generation, and for other parts of the economy? 3. How does changing land use from forest to farmland to city change the amount of runoff and the amount of infiltration t ...
Slide 1 - University of Washington
Slide 1 - University of Washington

... Red = PNW, Blue = CA, Green = Colo, Black = GB ...
the impact of us population growth on global climate change
the impact of us population growth on global climate change

... Alternative scenario. As stated above, U.S. population is projected to grow by 70% from 2010 to 2100 under this scenario. In other words, if there were no change in any of the three non-population factors, or if those changes cancelled each other out, CO2 emissions from the U.S. would be 70% higher ...
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY

... strength of the sun, the shape and tilt of the earth‘s orbit around the sun, the position and shape of the continents and the composition of the atmosphere. There is strong evidence that Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from human activities are now raising the earth‘s temperature and causing other cha ...
changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of
changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of

... It can thus be said that this idea is currently ‘travelling’ to the Global South with pronounced force. The assumption that Africa is very likely to be at the dawn of facing an intense reshaping of how people (should) relate and adapt to a rapidly changing climate forms one of the most salient eleme ...
What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany
What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany

... Change was commissioned from Nicholas Stern, the erstwhile chief economist of the World Bank, by the then-chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, on behalf of the British government. It was released on October 30, 2006. The Stern Review estimated that unmitigated climate change will reduce welfar ...
National Climate Change Response Strategy
National Climate Change Response Strategy

... climate change and its associated impacts. It is my hope that the document will be found useful in delivering the country out of the vicious cycle of poverty exacerbated by the changing climate and its associated severe impacts on livelihoods and economic development. The preparation and publication ...
Patterns of Natural Selection
Patterns of Natural Selection

... activity “What Can Cold Flies Teach Us About Evolution.” Discuss the three types of natural selection on the first page with the class. Have students complete the four practice problems. 2. ( 10-15 MINUTES) Pass out one whiteboard, markers and ONE Student Page: Natural Selection in the Face of Clim ...
Impacts of Chinese reactive nitrogen on climate change
Impacts of Chinese reactive nitrogen on climate change

... stay below given values at a particular time in the future13. Soon after, Shine et al.13 ...
Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast
Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast

... Byrne et al., 2010). There is strong evidence that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have contributed to these changes and the rate of emissions is projected to increase (IPCC, 2007). Therefore, global climate change could be accelerated with adverse and prolonged consequences for the Eart ...
terra nostra - Social Venture Partners
terra nostra - Social Venture Partners

... then went on to do post-docs in statistics and in oceanography. I remember sitting in one biological oceanography seminar after another, and realizing that no matter where the research started, it nearly always ended with a discussion of what was happening with climate change. While all the data wer ...
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the

... Importantly, there are likely to be “winners” and “losers” in organismal responses to climate change, depending on how close organisms are living to their environmental limits and their thermal optima. Which species or populations are “winners” or “losers” may be determined by comparing the performa ...
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle

... EPR2. The anomaly is equilibrated in the sense that there is no drift in either the spatial pattern or its amplitude between the penultimate and final decades of the integrations. There is a cooling of most of the surface of the ocean. The basinaveraged anomalies in the final decade are 1.0°C in the ...
Integrating Adaptation into Policy Decisions
Integrating Adaptation into Policy Decisions

... 3. Adaptation Policy of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)  2007: Adoption of a White Paper, which contains all available data and information on climate change in NRW:  Effects of climate change, that are manifest already today  Effects that are expected to occur in future  2009: Adaptation Strategy ...
MEECS Climate Change Unit Introduction
MEECS Climate Change Unit Introduction

... and natural sources) and how pollution impacts habitats, climatic change, threatens or endangers species. E.ES.07.42 • Based on evidence of observable changes in recent history and climate change models, explain the consequences of warmer oceans and changing climatic zones. E5.4D • Examine the neg ...
HRM Climate SMART Community Action Guide to Climate Change
HRM Climate SMART Community Action Guide to Climate Change

... industrial activities. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorine-based gases. These gases affect our ozone layer and remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years after they have been emitted. Source: Government of Canada ...
WP4.2 - NCAS
WP4.2 - NCAS

... Study the mechanisms to assess the regional features of climate change, including changes that may result from a modification of the patterns of natural variability. In collaboration with RT5, research will be carried out to advance understanding of the mechanisms that govern modes of natural climat ...
Climate change and food_MULLIGAN_Accepted
Climate change and food_MULLIGAN_Accepted

... (Nakicenovic et al., 2000) A2A scenario represents high growth and a global 3.5°C warming relative to 1990 by 2100. Data from this scenario were used as monthly downscaled GCM output (Ramirez and Jarvis, 2010) for temperature and precipitation. Only monthly temperature and precipitation change was e ...
presentation - Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative
presentation - Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative

... Area are expected to change +5% to -30% due to climate change. An additional reduction of 25% or more in dry years is expected. • Saskatchewan – PRAC hydroclimate variability analyses conducted by PARC helped inform the development of the Emergency Flood Damage Reduction Program in 2011, which was d ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 1/ need high quality measurements of river through all fast changes to quantify well enough – fortunately EI technology (e-sensor) developments over last 20 years allow ...
Lending a caring hand - University of New England
Lending a caring hand - University of New England

... careful about extrapolating from your own backyard to the globe.” For example, while people in the East and Midwest were complaining about a cold winter this year, Redmond’s Nevada and neighboring California were having some of their warmest winter months ever. To determine what parts of the country ...
UN-REDD Programme
UN-REDD Programme

... UNFCCC objective • “Stabilize GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human-induced) interference with the climate system” • “Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that foo ...
4b. GCOS-indicators_WDAC6 - World Climate Research Programme
4b. GCOS-indicators_WDAC6 - World Climate Research Programme

... Ø Planning for adaptation needs an understanding of future risk and how it may change: What would a one in a hundred-year storm look like in 100 years’ time? Ø Planning for future impacts needs an understanding now of worst-case scenarios, e.g. highest possible sea level rise, largest flood or big ...


... The analysis has shown that based upon exposed assets and population, SLR can be classified as having the potential to create potential catastrophe in Barbados. The main contributing factor is the concentration of socioeconomic infrastructure along the coastline in vulnerable areas. The A2 and B2 pr ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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