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Developing countries call for historical responsibility as basis for
Developing countries call for historical responsibility as basis for

... atmospheric space built into the deal. A global goal is a component, but not the component, and cannot be addressed in isolation – all the parts of the jigsaw must fit together. ...
10584_2014_1078_MOESM1_ESM
10584_2014_1078_MOESM1_ESM

... The EPI reflects a country’s achievement towards its policy targets, and integrates policy measures using 25 indicators in 10 environmental policy categories. Previous research on primarily high-income countries15 found the EPI was statistically associated with adaptation outcomes in the health sect ...
Real Options, Optimisation Methods and Flood Risk
Real Options, Optimisation Methods and Flood Risk

... EADwithout interventions – EADwith interventions n ...
A Student`s Guide to Global Climate Change
A Student`s Guide to Global Climate Change

... and natural gas. • Worldwide, 2001–2010 was the warmest decade ever recorded. the most important trends that scientists look at is the average temperature of the Earth, which has been increasing for many years. This is called global warming. Rising global temperatures lead to other changes arou ...
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PDF

... outputs and quasi-fixed factors towards their long-run equilibrium levels may be affected by the firm’s expectation about future climate change as well as expected price changes. Adjustment costs of factor demand (e.g. learning cost, expansion planning fees, costs of restructuring the production pro ...
Bioenergetic Prediction of Climate Change
Bioenergetic Prediction of Climate Change

... communities will respond to even the most robust and widely accepted components of projected climate change. Besides, as we hope to illustrate in this review, temperature and seasonality are so fundamental to our understanding of the organization of biological communities, that further investigation ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent

... snow-catching capacity, so understanding their response to climate warming can inform models of global surface energy balance and carbon sequestration22,23 and generate predictions for areas beyond the monitored regions. The vast geographic distribution of the present data set yielded poor replicati ...
promoting the goal of sustainable development
promoting the goal of sustainable development

... makers • Respond to appropriate public consultations • Foster good links with Government Departments • Help make environment a mainstream business issue • Inclusive in our approach in engaging with members ...
Chapter 3: Climate observations and projections
Chapter 3: Climate observations and projections

... balance would be achieved at temperatures of approximately −33◦ F (−18◦ C). An atmosphere containing GHGs, however, is relatively transparent to solar radiation, but relatively opaque to terrestrial radiation. Such a planet achieves radiative balance at a higher surface and lower atmospheric tempera ...
Climate in the 21st century - four scenarios for
Climate in the 21st century - four scenarios for

... In formulating the new scenarios, recent results from a large number of climate models have been analysed. These models are used by scientists to examine the human influence on the worldwide and regional climate. During the construction of the scenarios that were published in 2000 only the results o ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)

... As a small island developing state Grenada is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, as evidenced by the impacts of extreme events and the occurrences of increased forest fires, crop loss, water shortages and incidence of pests and diseases occurring in recent years. As such, Gren ...
Aerosols and Climate Change
Aerosols and Climate Change

... Aerosols that are dominated by anthropogenic sources (e.g. nitrate) show a similar DRE and DRF whereas natural aerosols (e.g. sea salt) have a large DRE but zero DRF ...
Corporate ppt template - Global Carbon Project
Corporate ppt template - Global Carbon Project

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Peak energy and climate change: the double bind
Peak energy and climate change: the double bind

... In this article, I do not have the word space to defend further my neo-Malthusian convictions. Therefore, I simply ask the gentle reader to take the perspective of ‘‘Limits to Growth’’ as a highly plausible hypothesis. The most immediate limit can be either the depletion of a non-substitutable resou ...
Issues relating to GHG, Sectors and Source Categories in IPCC
Issues relating to GHG, Sectors and Source Categories in IPCC

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Climate change impacts on global agriculture | SpringerLink
Climate change impacts on global agriculture | SpringerLink

... reported in the national economic accounts, which hampers the analysis of water resources with economic models. We use the new version of the GTAP-W model, which accounts for water use in the agricultural sector, to analyze expected climate change impacts on global agricultural production. The GTAP- ...
The Global Warming Time Bomb?
The Global Warming Time Bomb?

... Aerosols (fine particles in the air) are, besides greenhouse gases, the other main humanmade climate forcing. Aerosols cause a more complex climate forcing than that by greenhouse gases. Some aerosols, such as sulfates arising from sulfur in fossil fuels, are highly reflective (white) and thus reduc ...
Sustainable coastal planning for urban growth and climate change
Sustainable coastal planning for urban growth and climate change

... implemented in coastal planning and management (Norman 2009, p165). This research highlighted that while often policy debates concern institutional arrangements and jurisdictional boundaries, the coastal decision makers and community leaders placed greater weight on the value of a set of ‘agreed and ...
Projected Changes in the Physical Climate of the Gulf Coast and
Projected Changes in the Physical Climate of the Gulf Coast and

... simulations can be found here: http://www.narccap.ucar.edu/about/index.html. The large set of global climate model simulations done for IPCC offers the best scientific basis we have for making detailed projections about how climate will change in a specific region. They are not predictions, but scen ...
spline models of contemporary, 2030, 2060 and 2090 climates for
spline models of contemporary, 2030, 2060 and 2090 climates for

... three general circulation models (GCMs) and two emission scenarios for each GCM: (a) Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCC), using the CGCM3 (T63 resolution) model, SRES A2 and B1 scenarios; (2) Met Office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model, SRES A2 and B2 scenarios; and ( ...
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... GHG emissions by up to 30 percent if other countries would be willing to contribute their share. Otherwise the EU declared itself willing to stick to its current commitment of 20 percent. Other countries also expressed their willingness to reduce emissions, but whether they will actually do so or no ...
Camille Parmesan Education
Camille Parmesan Education

... Beebee, J M Fromont, O Hoegh-Guldberg (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. o Ranked #11: Parmesan, C & G Yohe (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (This paper also won an ISI Web of Science award i ...
2007 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists http://www.thebulletin.org
2007 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists http://www.thebulletin.org

... United States and India. Finally, many developing countries that are experiencing explosive economic growth have not yet reached per capita emissions plateaus and also have rapidly rising populations. All these factors more than wipe out the minor savings associated with my family (and others) switc ...
2015 Agreement
2015 Agreement

... everyone does its fair share. As such CBDR/RC, equity and the other principles of the Convention shall be seen as an enabler of action that will need to be operationalized across different elements of the 2015 Agreement. A dynamic and flexible framework for the participation of all Parties is necess ...
ENSEMBLES_DoW_vn.4_RT5_and_RT6_overview
ENSEMBLES_DoW_vn.4_RT5_and_RT6_overview

... by using observations and meteorological reanalyses. It is proposed to evaluate the feedback in the 20th century simulations of coupled climate models, with a special emphasis on the relative roles of atmospheric and oceanic processes. Task 5.2.e: Evaluation of climate variability and teleconnection ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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