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Full Paper - WebMeets.com
Full Paper - WebMeets.com

... variations on the reinsurance firms: not just from the side of the insured losses, but also from the possible benefits due to the climate variations. ...
Mangrove ecosystem under climate change conditions
Mangrove ecosystem under climate change conditions

... Once the functions of an ecosystem are known, the nature and magnitude of value to human society can be analyzed and assessed through the goods and services provided by the functional aspects of the ecosystem. Climate change components that affect mangrove ecosystems include change in sea level, hy ...
Arranging deck chairs on the Titanic
Arranging deck chairs on the Titanic

... Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) which trap solar energy in the Earth’s atmosphere, cumulatively contributing to global warming and, ultimately, climate change. 3 In 1992, the United Nations (UN) proposed a framework for dealing with climate change, the United Nations Framework ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... Winter floods are likely to increase in maritime regions and flash floods are likely to increase throughout Europe [12.4.1]. Coastal flooding related to increasing storminess and sea-level rise is likely to threaten up to 1.6 million additional people annually [12.4.2]. Warmer, drier conditions will ...
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE

... Gulf coasts. There will be wetland losses where there is insufficient plant growth and sediment deposition to equal sea level rise and coastal or estuarine wetlands cannot migrate inland. This is a particular problem for deltaic systems such as the Mississippi Delta where sediment-trapping reservoir ...
'Sensitivity of climate change detection and attribution to the characterization of internal climate variability'
'Sensitivity of climate change detection and attribution to the characterization of internal climate variability'

... We analyze the problem of the sensitivity of detection and attribution results to internal ...
Impact of deep-ocean carbon sequestration on atmospheric CO2
Impact of deep-ocean carbon sequestration on atmospheric CO2

... obtained here is greater than the impulse response steadystate value of 13%, as the latter pertains to a small pulse in the pre-industrial carbon cycle. The eflux is sufficient to produce a CO2 concentration nearly double the peak concentration in scenario 4 (857 ppmv vs. 430 ppmv). Thus, for a high ...
Increasing the influence of LDC climate diplomacy
Increasing the influence of LDC climate diplomacy

... initiated by President Barak Obama in 2009 to facilitate discussion among the world’s largest economies — Kerry stated: “[L]ast year, I invited many of you and your counterparts to join me for a special foreign ministers session of the Major Economies Forum, and it was the first time that a group th ...
INSTITUTIONAL AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION A Thesis Presented
INSTITUTIONAL AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION A Thesis Presented

... modes) are less than the emissions flowing out (i.e. through sequestration efforts and planetary waste absorption capacity) then establishing a sustainable scale may be possible. If the stock of atmospheric emissions exceeds a potential tipping point, estimated at greater than approximately 350 part ...
powerpoint presentation
powerpoint presentation

... Climate variability vs. climate change • Current common usage and in, e.g., the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) usage. (But not used by all climate scientists.) • “Climate variability” = natural variability – Natural “modes” of variability ...
Climate Extremes Communications Guidebook
Climate Extremes Communications Guidebook

... climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable.” The IPCC provides some important and useful clarifications on these terms: • “Some climate extremes (e.g., droughts) may be the result of an accumulation of weather or ...
Community Climate Petition to the House of Representatives
Community Climate Petition to the House of Representatives

... More resources .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ...
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low

... battlegrounds in the fight against climate change. The heightened efficiency that cities afford through densification is a major reason for their formation, and means that on the whole urban areas have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita than the countries of which they are part (Dodman ...
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes

... corresponding fraction of emissions taken up by the land (8l ) and the ocean (8O ) over the 2006–2100 period for the three RCP scenarios. The year 2005 values are based on CanESM2 historical simulations for the 1850–2005 period as described in Arora et al. (2011). The 2005 value of 8A of 0.51 lies t ...
Word - Council of Europe
Word - Council of Europe

... A recent report by Brian Huntley to the ‘Group of Experts on Biodiversity and Climate Change’ of the Bern Convention provided background to the past, current, and future projected impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Europe (T-PVS/Inf 2007-3). More detailed reports for plant and invertebrate ...
PDF
PDF

... useful. In some cases it is possible to construct a “constant equivalent discount rate”, i.e. a single number that, if used as the social discount rate, would lead to policy prescriptions identical to those obtained under the time-varying social discount rate. This constant-equivalent discount rate ...
Researches on Agricultural Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Researches on Agricultural Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and

... contribution to the global warming; Greenpeace (2006) estimated the indirect agricultural emissions (converted into CO2) account for 17% -32% of the global total emissions; researches form IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , LING Er-da (2001) and ZHAO Qi-guo(2009) confirmed that agricul ...
climate change - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
climate change - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

... CO2 remains the major anthropogenic GHG, accounting for three quarters (75%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. The remaining 25 per cent of non-CO2 GHG emissions are made up of methane (2010: 16 per cent), nitrous oxide (2.6 per cent) and fluorinated gases (2.0 per cent). Despite occurring in mu ...
The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Heavy
The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Heavy

... in satellites. The Wentz et al. (2007) estimates of trends may be too high as they are similarly affected and may also be influenced by the limited sample period. Gu et al. (2007) have documented global and tropical rainfall changes using the global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) and find ...
Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern
Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern

... The global average temperature is found to increase by 3 K during the 21st century, which is in good agreement with previous studies (Stendel et al., 2002). There are large seasonal and regional differences in this warming with values up to 11 K during winter in the Canadian and Siberian Arctic. For ...
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal and
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal and

... terms of the larger-scale motions. This feature represents the principal source of uncertainty of CGCMs. Advances in supercomputer technology, which has permitted higher model resolutions, have helped to reduce these uncertainties, but significant differences remain between the predicted and the obs ...
SAARC_ People`s Regionalism
SAARC_ People`s Regionalism

... Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Marine Initiative & SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre to strengthen the understanding of shared oceans and water bodies in the region, and facilitate critical roles to promote sustainable living, Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Climate-related Disasters ...
An Introduction to Simple Climate Models
An Introduction to Simple Climate Models

... system and simple climate models (SCMs), and has two objectives: (a) to explain how SCMs work, the processes that are included in them, what their strengths and weaknesses are in relation to more complex models, the purposes to which they are applied, and why they have been used extensively in the W ...
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal

... terms of the larger-scale motions. This feature represents the principal source of uncertainty of CGCMs. Advances in supercomputer technology, which has permitted higher model resolutions, have helped to reduce these uncertainties, but significant differences remain between the predicted and the obs ...
Climate Press
Climate Press

... relationships are often based on measurements. Thus, there is, for instance, a statistical relationship between evaporation on the ground on the one hand, and the mean values of radiation, temperature and wind speed at the grid points above on the other hand. Since the latter are calculated by the m ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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