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... Eleven of the last twelve years (1995 -2006) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature (since ...
... Eleven of the last twelve years (1995 -2006) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature (since ...
Climate Physics and the Problem of Abrupt Climate Change
... climate models seem unusually stable. • There are many mysteries surrounding the cause and mechanisms of past abrupt climate change. • Although future abrupt climate change is considered unlikely, model predictions of future climate may be under-representing the potential for such extreme events. ...
... climate models seem unusually stable. • There are many mysteries surrounding the cause and mechanisms of past abrupt climate change. • Although future abrupt climate change is considered unlikely, model predictions of future climate may be under-representing the potential for such extreme events. ...
Exxon`s 1982 In-House Climate Models Confirmed Global Warming
... mainstream scientists continue to predict, with increasing urgency, that if emissions are not curtailed, carbon pollution would lock in warming of as much as 3 to 6°C (or 5 to 11°F) over the next several decades. Quantifying the Uncertainty Throughout its climate modeling phase, Exxon researchers, ...
... mainstream scientists continue to predict, with increasing urgency, that if emissions are not curtailed, carbon pollution would lock in warming of as much as 3 to 6°C (or 5 to 11°F) over the next several decades. Quantifying the Uncertainty Throughout its climate modeling phase, Exxon researchers, ...
Ch. 7.1 - Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
... The United States has long been the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with about 20% of total worldwide emissions in 2004. As a result of China’s rapid economic growth, its emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2008. However, it’s also important to keep in mind that the United States ...
... The United States has long been the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with about 20% of total worldwide emissions in 2004. As a result of China’s rapid economic growth, its emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2008. However, it’s also important to keep in mind that the United States ...
WHAT IS COP 17? - KZN Department of Agriculture
... The resolution of these meetings were as follows: ⇒ The meeting acknowledged the threats posed by climate change, some of which are already being observed in their localities. For instance, the delays of the onset of rains impacts on agriculture, and more frequent occurrence of floods and drought ar ...
... The resolution of these meetings were as follows: ⇒ The meeting acknowledged the threats posed by climate change, some of which are already being observed in their localities. For instance, the delays of the onset of rains impacts on agriculture, and more frequent occurrence of floods and drought ar ...
Climate Change Risks and Control Strategies
... Carbon emitted. A fee twice that high could eventually keep concentrations near present values (though an overshoot of concentrations above present in the next half century seems unavoidable—see Schneider and Mastrandrea, 2005). Azar and I used typical economic models estimates of the costs of such ...
... Carbon emitted. A fee twice that high could eventually keep concentrations near present values (though an overshoot of concentrations above present in the next half century seems unavoidable—see Schneider and Mastrandrea, 2005). Azar and I used typical economic models estimates of the costs of such ...
Book review: Climate Change: The Science, Impacts
... extent of the material covered (and therein lies a weakness; some sections are treated more cursorily than others) and the issue of human-induced warming has developed to a point where it is difficult to hold a neutral position. Both Pittock and I have our biases and to an extent I will focus on the ...
... extent of the material covered (and therein lies a weakness; some sections are treated more cursorily than others) and the issue of human-induced warming has developed to a point where it is difficult to hold a neutral position. Both Pittock and I have our biases and to an extent I will focus on the ...
Global Temperature Change in the 21st Century
... Earth’s surface. This corresponds to the familiar air temperature reported in the daily weather report in newspapers and on TV. The data you will examine is the mean temperature (°K) for each month over the 100 years (2001-2100), giving a total of 1200 values for the 1200 consecutive months. You are ...
... Earth’s surface. This corresponds to the familiar air temperature reported in the daily weather report in newspapers and on TV. The data you will examine is the mean temperature (°K) for each month over the 100 years (2001-2100), giving a total of 1200 values for the 1200 consecutive months. You are ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Activity 6 Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how eac ...
... Activity 6 Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how eac ...
Detailed projections of coastal climate change until
... Hohenkammer, May 2006) Consensus statement: ...
... Hohenkammer, May 2006) Consensus statement: ...
Climate Change LECTURE
... Climate Change LECTURE Following on the success of the climate change lecture series during 2007 and 2008 the Environmental Protection Agency will host a number of occasional climate change lectures in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The occasional lectures are aimed at providing updates from the scien ...
... Climate Change LECTURE Following on the success of the climate change lecture series during 2007 and 2008 the Environmental Protection Agency will host a number of occasional climate change lectures in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The occasional lectures are aimed at providing updates from the scien ...
Climate Change Brief Great Smoky Mountains National Park
... Shaded regions correspond to the area between 25 and 75 ensemble percentiles. Light gray shading corresponds to resource concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 while orange shading corresponds to RCP 8.5. Historical summaries were obtained from PRISM 800m climate surfaces (Daly et al. 1994) and proje ...
... Shaded regions correspond to the area between 25 and 75 ensemble percentiles. Light gray shading corresponds to resource concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 while orange shading corresponds to RCP 8.5. Historical summaries were obtained from PRISM 800m climate surfaces (Daly et al. 1994) and proje ...
Columbia University 2011 University Climate change increases food
... wave and drought in Russia caused a grain embargo. Climate change, which is observable in the long-term, does not equate to these fluctuations in weather, which take place in the short-term. However, the effects of climate change (higher temperatures, shifting seasons, more frequent and extreme weat ...
... wave and drought in Russia caused a grain embargo. Climate change, which is observable in the long-term, does not equate to these fluctuations in weather, which take place in the short-term. However, the effects of climate change (higher temperatures, shifting seasons, more frequent and extreme weat ...
A - war changes climate
... One has no idea of world and its relation to the world2. The war at sea caused a major climate change starting with 1918 and then another one after the end of 1939. If the oceans, as the driving force of the climate, had influenced scientific research since the early days of meteorology, 150 years a ...
... One has no idea of world and its relation to the world2. The war at sea caused a major climate change starting with 1918 and then another one after the end of 1939. If the oceans, as the driving force of the climate, had influenced scientific research since the early days of meteorology, 150 years a ...
Mitigations, Human Impact, Climate Characteristics
... 3. Glaciers will begin to melt because of the increase in global temperatures, meaning that there will smaller cooling centers for the world 4. With the glacial melt, there will be a rise in sea level, which may help to cool the Earth, but that would lead to further problems for the human race 5. Hi ...
... 3. Glaciers will begin to melt because of the increase in global temperatures, meaning that there will smaller cooling centers for the world 4. With the glacial melt, there will be a rise in sea level, which may help to cool the Earth, but that would lead to further problems for the human race 5. Hi ...
Global warming on Jupiter
... as at the equator. This is due to the chaotic mixing of heat and airflow from vortices (eg - the White Ovals). The oscillatory motions of the White Ovals ceased after they merged, dampening the movement of heat from Jupiter's equator to its south pole. The latitudes near 34°S, the same latitude wher ...
... as at the equator. This is due to the chaotic mixing of heat and airflow from vortices (eg - the White Ovals). The oscillatory motions of the White Ovals ceased after they merged, dampening the movement of heat from Jupiter's equator to its south pole. The latitudes near 34°S, the same latitude wher ...
Climate Change and HFCs a very brief scientific introduction
... absorb infra-red radiation and hence can affect the climate for as long as they persist in the atmosphere. ...
... absorb infra-red radiation and hence can affect the climate for as long as they persist in the atmosphere. ...
Parry
... Conclusions (2) : Implications for policy in Europe • Need : a) a north-to-south shift of support policies to compensate for shift of climate resources. ...
... Conclusions (2) : Implications for policy in Europe • Need : a) a north-to-south shift of support policies to compensate for shift of climate resources. ...
Student Worksheet: Climate Change Study Guide
... What is the relationship between greenhouse gases and temperatures? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe three exam ...
... What is the relationship between greenhouse gases and temperatures? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe three exam ...
Post-normal Science
... - science is mostly not done for reasons of curiosity but is asked for as support for preconceived value-based agendas. - scientific knowledge is merely one form of knowledge, which competes on the „explanation marked“ with other forms of knowledge. Scientific knowledge does not necessarily “win” th ...
... - science is mostly not done for reasons of curiosity but is asked for as support for preconceived value-based agendas. - scientific knowledge is merely one form of knowledge, which competes on the „explanation marked“ with other forms of knowledge. Scientific knowledge does not necessarily “win” th ...
Introduction - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... – is a logically self-consistent explanation describing the behavior of natural phenomenon (originating from some observations) In a colloquial sense, the word theory is used to mean an idea that may or may not be true; a scientist would refer to this as a hypothesis. When a scientist uses the wor ...
... – is a logically self-consistent explanation describing the behavior of natural phenomenon (originating from some observations) In a colloquial sense, the word theory is used to mean an idea that may or may not be true; a scientist would refer to this as a hypothesis. When a scientist uses the wor ...
Heartland-Takle-01 - Department of Geological & Atmospheric
... Climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow Widespread climate-related impacts are occurring now and are expected to increase Climate change will stress water resources Crop and livestock production will be increasingly challenged Coastal areas are at increa ...
... Climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow Widespread climate-related impacts are occurring now and are expected to increase Climate change will stress water resources Crop and livestock production will be increasingly challenged Coastal areas are at increa ...
Cutting Greenhouse Gases - The Official Site - Varsity.com
... while carbon dioxide levels have increased due to human activities. At first thought you might try to connect CO2 and the warming effects but it's not as simple as that. It is interesting to know that 2005 tied 1998 as the warmest year on record. NASA scientists have that found cirrus clouds, formed ...
... while carbon dioxide levels have increased due to human activities. At first thought you might try to connect CO2 and the warming effects but it's not as simple as that. It is interesting to know that 2005 tied 1998 as the warmest year on record. NASA scientists have that found cirrus clouds, formed ...
Homework 3, due February 28
... 2. (5 points) From the maps in Figures 6.2-6.6 in Hannah, describe changes in forest that have occurred at your two locations during the last 90 million years. Relate changes to global temperature at the time of any changes. Are tropical forests currently at either of your locations? ...
... 2. (5 points) From the maps in Figures 6.2-6.6 in Hannah, describe changes in forest that have occurred at your two locations during the last 90 million years. Relate changes to global temperature at the time of any changes. Are tropical forests currently at either of your locations? ...
Chapter 12
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 through a voluntary approach. However, voluntary reductions do not always work; while Germany and the United Kingdom cut their emissions, the United States increased its emissions by 12% between 1990 and 2000. Developing nations initi ...
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 through a voluntary approach. However, voluntary reductions do not always work; while Germany and the United Kingdom cut their emissions, the United States increased its emissions by 12% between 1990 and 2000. Developing nations initi ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.