Close Examination of the Principle of Global Per
... that is not grounded in a general moral principle was stated by Thomas Nagel who noted that “[u]nless there is independent justification for equality, an equal distribution is just as arbitrary from a moral point of view as any other.”16 The “independent justification for equality” is most likely to ...
... that is not grounded in a general moral principle was stated by Thomas Nagel who noted that “[u]nless there is independent justification for equality, an equal distribution is just as arbitrary from a moral point of view as any other.”16 The “independent justification for equality” is most likely to ...
Climate Change Strategy - West Gippsland Catchment Management
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
Climate change and the groundwater
... impact on the water availability in this zone, which will affect the entire plant and animal kingdom. Because of change in evapotranspiration patterns in this zone, the rainfall pattern will also be affected. The transpiration process which holds 80–90% of overall evapotranspiration13 on Earth will ...
... impact on the water availability in this zone, which will affect the entire plant and animal kingdom. Because of change in evapotranspiration patterns in this zone, the rainfall pattern will also be affected. The transpiration process which holds 80–90% of overall evapotranspiration13 on Earth will ...
outreach materials for climate day partners
... are free with your exhibit hall pass. Learn more and register here. Option 2: For Groups Attending Climate Day Climate change is the greatest threat our planet has ever faced but it’s also the greatest opportunity we’ve ever had to make positive change through innovation and leadership. The natural ...
... are free with your exhibit hall pass. Learn more and register here. Option 2: For Groups Attending Climate Day Climate change is the greatest threat our planet has ever faced but it’s also the greatest opportunity we’ve ever had to make positive change through innovation and leadership. The natural ...
Empathy and Climate Change
... sacrifices, on the behalf of future generations – people whose lives are distant from us through time. We need to cut our carbon emissions right now for the benefit of individuals who do not yet exist and whom we shall never meet. While we are aware of some impacts of global warming today, the repor ...
... sacrifices, on the behalf of future generations – people whose lives are distant from us through time. We need to cut our carbon emissions right now for the benefit of individuals who do not yet exist and whom we shall never meet. While we are aware of some impacts of global warming today, the repor ...
PDF
... essential problem lies in the very long time horizon over which uncertain benefits and costs must be discounted. In contrast to the relative clarity of a cost-benefit analysis regarding, for example, the construction of a dam or tunnel, how should one discount an environmental catastrophe that may o ...
... essential problem lies in the very long time horizon over which uncertain benefits and costs must be discounted. In contrast to the relative clarity of a cost-benefit analysis regarding, for example, the construction of a dam or tunnel, how should one discount an environmental catastrophe that may o ...
More Extreme Heat Waves: Global Warming`s Wake Up Call
... More extreme temperatures are already pushing wildlife and their habitats beyond their normal tolerance levels. Heat-related declines have been documented for wild salmon and trout, moose, and pika. Livestock and crops have lower productivity and increased mortality associated with heat stress and d ...
... More extreme temperatures are already pushing wildlife and their habitats beyond their normal tolerance levels. Heat-related declines have been documented for wild salmon and trout, moose, and pika. Livestock and crops have lower productivity and increased mortality associated with heat stress and d ...
Climate Change Impacts on Water and Security
... factors could be a cause or a ‘multiplier’ of tensions within and between countries. Whether security threats arise from climate impacts – or options for cooperation evolve – does not depend only on the severity of the impacts themselves, but on social, economic institutional vulnerabilities or resi ...
... factors could be a cause or a ‘multiplier’ of tensions within and between countries. Whether security threats arise from climate impacts – or options for cooperation evolve – does not depend only on the severity of the impacts themselves, but on social, economic institutional vulnerabilities or resi ...
The likelihood and potential impact of future change in
... In total, 205 articles from the international scientific literature, books, conference proceedings or reports are cited in this article. The literature searches were conducted with the Thomson Reuters Web of Science online academic search engine. Its databases cover over 10,000 journals from 256 cat ...
... In total, 205 articles from the international scientific literature, books, conference proceedings or reports are cited in this article. The literature searches were conducted with the Thomson Reuters Web of Science online academic search engine. Its databases cover over 10,000 journals from 256 cat ...
Link between land-ocean warming contrast and surface relative
... estimate the land warming and amplification factor under the RCP8.5 scenario. The primary inputs to the calculation are the control climate temperatures and relative humidities and the changes in relative humidities and ocean temperature. Zonal- and time-mean temperatures and relative humidities are ...
... estimate the land warming and amplification factor under the RCP8.5 scenario. The primary inputs to the calculation are the control climate temperatures and relative humidities and the changes in relative humidities and ocean temperature. Zonal- and time-mean temperatures and relative humidities are ...
OPEN CLIMATE LETTER TO UN SECRETARY
... Some scientists point out that near-term natural cooling, linked to variations in solar output, is also a distinct possibility. The “even larger climate shocks” you have mentioned would be worse if the world cooled than if it warmed. Climate changes naturally all the time, sometimes dramatically. Th ...
... Some scientists point out that near-term natural cooling, linked to variations in solar output, is also a distinct possibility. The “even larger climate shocks” you have mentioned would be worse if the world cooled than if it warmed. Climate changes naturally all the time, sometimes dramatically. Th ...
Climate Change And The Earth`s Magnetic Poles
... From the statistical correlations, it seems that using either temperature data set, there is little significant difference between the correlations, the main difference being that the best correlation is between temperature-year shifted backwards by 25 years relative to the geomagnetic pole position ...
... From the statistical correlations, it seems that using either temperature data set, there is little significant difference between the correlations, the main difference being that the best correlation is between temperature-year shifted backwards by 25 years relative to the geomagnetic pole position ...
Link between landocean warming contrast and surface relative
... the control climate temperatures and relative humidities and the changes in relative humidities and ocean temperature. Zonal- and time-mean temperatures and relative humidities are used, but, to allow for seasonal effects, we estimate the land temperature in each of the 12 calendar months individual ...
... the control climate temperatures and relative humidities and the changes in relative humidities and ocean temperature. Zonal- and time-mean temperatures and relative humidities are used, but, to allow for seasonal effects, we estimate the land temperature in each of the 12 calendar months individual ...
Time-Dependent Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
... forcing that is constant for the few years required for the atmosphere and the surface of the ocean to achieve a new equilibrium following an abrupt change Though the atmospheric models are detailed and highly developed, the treatment of the ocean is quite primitive However, when greenhouse gas conc ...
... forcing that is constant for the few years required for the atmosphere and the surface of the ocean to achieve a new equilibrium following an abrupt change Though the atmospheric models are detailed and highly developed, the treatment of the ocean is quite primitive However, when greenhouse gas conc ...
International Tundra Experiment ITEX
... Moss-dominated, tree-less tundra ecosystems are important for the earth’s carbon and energy balance because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of ...
... Moss-dominated, tree-less tundra ecosystems are important for the earth’s carbon and energy balance because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of ...
Assessing ``Dangerous Climate Change
... There are sufficient fossil fuel resources to readily supply 1000 GtC, as fossil fuel emissions to date (370 GtC) are only a small fraction of potential emissions from known reserves and potentially recoverable resources (Fig. 2). Although there are uncertainties in reserves and resources, ongoing f ...
... There are sufficient fossil fuel resources to readily supply 1000 GtC, as fossil fuel emissions to date (370 GtC) are only a small fraction of potential emissions from known reserves and potentially recoverable resources (Fig. 2). Although there are uncertainties in reserves and resources, ongoing f ...
The Greatest Challenges of Our Time
... many unsolved problems in medicine. Nor should we forget that there is a huge difference between gaining knowledge about humans and gaining knowledge of unique systems, such as the climate system. Since mankind consists of a great many relatively similar varieties, one can test and study individuals ...
... many unsolved problems in medicine. Nor should we forget that there is a huge difference between gaining knowledge about humans and gaining knowledge of unique systems, such as the climate system. Since mankind consists of a great many relatively similar varieties, one can test and study individuals ...
Future Climate: Projected extremes
... extremes as 1% to 10% of the largest or smallest values of a distribution (Trenberth et al. 2007). Studies over large or complex regions marked by significant climatic variation require definitions that are relevant to local climate. Across the Southwest, location-specific definitions of extreme tem ...
... extremes as 1% to 10% of the largest or smallest values of a distribution (Trenberth et al. 2007). Studies over large or complex regions marked by significant climatic variation require definitions that are relevant to local climate. Across the Southwest, location-specific definitions of extreme tem ...
Global Climate Change and the Risks to Coastal Areas from
... as a decade ago, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) stated, for example, that “the vast majority of knowledgeable scientists” could not state beyond a reasonable doubt that global climate change, including severe weather events such as hurricanes, “are attributable to global warming, at least ...
... as a decade ago, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) stated, for example, that “the vast majority of knowledgeable scientists” could not state beyond a reasonable doubt that global climate change, including severe weather events such as hurricanes, “are attributable to global warming, at least ...
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature
... perature of the Earth within a range suitable for life. However, as the levels of these gases build up in the atmosphere, they act like the transparent roof of a greenhouse, which allows in sunlight while trapping the heat energy. Climate change over the last century is a subject of great topical in ...
... perature of the Earth within a range suitable for life. However, as the levels of these gases build up in the atmosphere, they act like the transparent roof of a greenhouse, which allows in sunlight while trapping the heat energy. Climate change over the last century is a subject of great topical in ...
Implications of the EU Climate Protection Target for Ireland
... Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
... Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
responding to changes in nature
... Wales and contribute to sustainable development. Scientific evidence clearly indicates that the climate itself is changing and will continue to do so even if concerted international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is successful. Whilst we have already started to account for such changes, f ...
... Wales and contribute to sustainable development. Scientific evidence clearly indicates that the climate itself is changing and will continue to do so even if concerted international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is successful. Whilst we have already started to account for such changes, f ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.