Climate, Climate Change Nuclear Power and the Alternatives
... “greenhouse gases” is increasing the strength of the greenhouse, and this can be bad: bad: humanity is vulnerable to changes in climate. ...
... “greenhouse gases” is increasing the strength of the greenhouse, and this can be bad: bad: humanity is vulnerable to changes in climate. ...
Resilience an approach for urban climate change
... Climate change is becoming widely recognized as the key global challenge of this century. The publishing of the Fourth Assessment Report from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007a) and the bestowal of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize on the ...
... Climate change is becoming widely recognized as the key global challenge of this century. The publishing of the Fourth Assessment Report from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007a) and the bestowal of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize on the ...
Development of new parametrisations and sub - HiGEM
... Complex fluid flows in the atmosphere and oceans are a fundamental feature of the Earth system. They transport energy, momentum, and material substances within and between system components. They occur over a wide range of spatial scales, and evolve over a wide range of time scales. 'Small' scales o ...
... Complex fluid flows in the atmosphere and oceans are a fundamental feature of the Earth system. They transport energy, momentum, and material substances within and between system components. They occur over a wide range of spatial scales, and evolve over a wide range of time scales. 'Small' scales o ...
Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events
... and helped to redirect attention away from debates over science and toward debates over the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action. However, in making its case for the significant future economic costs of extreme weather events in developed countries the Stern Review commits two significan ...
... and helped to redirect attention away from debates over science and toward debates over the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action. However, in making its case for the significant future economic costs of extreme weather events in developed countries the Stern Review commits two significan ...
amoeba downing
... 5GG, UK * Author for correspondence email: [email protected] tel: +44 (0)1223 330218 fax: +44 (0)1223 333953 ...
... 5GG, UK * Author for correspondence email: [email protected] tel: +44 (0)1223 330218 fax: +44 (0)1223 333953 ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Freshwater
... from 1970 to 1999 showed most stations remained below 68°F (20°C), the upper threshold for salmon survival.59 However, in the 21st century, a prolonged duration of water temperatures beyond the thermal maximum for salmon is projected for the Fraser River (BC),60 the Lake Washington/Lake Union ship c ...
... from 1970 to 1999 showed most stations remained below 68°F (20°C), the upper threshold for salmon survival.59 However, in the 21st century, a prolonged duration of water temperatures beyond the thermal maximum for salmon is projected for the Fraser River (BC),60 the Lake Washington/Lake Union ship c ...
Developing site scale projections of climate change in the Scottish
... landscape change in these sensitive upland environments results from a complex interplay between natural and anthropogenic factors. There is particular concern that marginal maritime mountains may be especially vulnerable to the impact of climate changes (Ellis & Good 2005, Orr et al. 2008). Scotlan ...
... landscape change in these sensitive upland environments results from a complex interplay between natural and anthropogenic factors. There is particular concern that marginal maritime mountains may be especially vulnerable to the impact of climate changes (Ellis & Good 2005, Orr et al. 2008). Scotlan ...
Pattern scaling using ClimGen: monthly
... found that statistically significant non-linearities could be identified with careful use of ensembles of simulations, but that the errors that would thus result from using PS are small compared with the many other uncertainties that exist in future climate scenarios. More recent assessments, facili ...
... found that statistically significant non-linearities could be identified with careful use of ensembles of simulations, but that the errors that would thus result from using PS are small compared with the many other uncertainties that exist in future climate scenarios. More recent assessments, facili ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION
... Bureau of Economic Research. Elizabeth Kopits and Ann Wolverton are economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Michael Greenstone is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They all worked at the Council of Economic Advisers in 2009 and/or 2010 and actively participate ...
... Bureau of Economic Research. Elizabeth Kopits and Ann Wolverton are economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Michael Greenstone is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They all worked at the Council of Economic Advisers in 2009 and/or 2010 and actively participate ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
... atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence for exactly how much higher CO2 concentrations were, this information is only qualitative, and so ...
... atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence for exactly how much higher CO2 concentrations were, this information is only qualitative, and so ...
... The outcomes from investigating the agriculture sector indicate that for the sugar-cane subsector the harvests under both the A2 and B2 scenarios decrease at first and then increase as the mid-century mark is approached. With respect to the yam subsector the results indicate that the yield of yam wi ...
The World Meteorological Organization at a glance
... WMO provides up-to-date, accurate and quantitative information on the state of the Earth’s atmospheric system, the oceans, surface water bodies and underground water. It also monitors the interactions of the atmosphere with the Earth’s surface, ecosystems and human activities. WMO facilitates the pr ...
... WMO provides up-to-date, accurate and quantitative information on the state of the Earth’s atmospheric system, the oceans, surface water bodies and underground water. It also monitors the interactions of the atmosphere with the Earth’s surface, ecosystems and human activities. WMO facilitates the pr ...
Climate Change - Ku-ring-gai Council
... Review explains that the long term global economic cost of ‘business as usual’ is likely to far outweigh the cost of taking a precautionary approach to reduce the level of risk. Although the majority of the Stern review is globally based, the findings and recommendations within the report have a rel ...
... Review explains that the long term global economic cost of ‘business as usual’ is likely to far outweigh the cost of taking a precautionary approach to reduce the level of risk. Although the majority of the Stern review is globally based, the findings and recommendations within the report have a rel ...
Response to the NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSE …
... below the production cost of 32.8c/kWh (Eskom figure for 2010-11), Eskom’s tariff to municipalities: 41.57c/kWh for 2010/11, increasing to 65.85c/kWh in the next two years. domestic consumers, including the poorest of the poor, pay the highest (block) tariffs COSATU / Sustain Labour November 2012 ...
... below the production cost of 32.8c/kWh (Eskom figure for 2010-11), Eskom’s tariff to municipalities: 41.57c/kWh for 2010/11, increasing to 65.85c/kWh in the next two years. domestic consumers, including the poorest of the poor, pay the highest (block) tariffs COSATU / Sustain Labour November 2012 ...
Global Warming: Forecasts by Scientists versus Scientific Forecasts
... Our concern is with what we refer to as unaided expert judgments. In such cases, experts may have access to empirical studies and other information, but they use their knowledge to make predictions without the aid of well-established forecasting principles. Thus, they could simply use the informatio ...
... Our concern is with what we refer to as unaided expert judgments. In such cases, experts may have access to empirical studies and other information, but they use their knowledge to make predictions without the aid of well-established forecasting principles. Thus, they could simply use the informatio ...
Where We Are Now - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... in deciding how to act.13 Walter Sinnott-Armstrong takes a harder line. Under the title, “It’s Not My Fault”, he claims that tackling climate change is the business not of individuals, who cannot be held accountable for it, but of governments.14 III. Nine Steps Forward I have two clarificatory point ...
... in deciding how to act.13 Walter Sinnott-Armstrong takes a harder line. Under the title, “It’s Not My Fault”, he claims that tackling climate change is the business not of individuals, who cannot be held accountable for it, but of governments.14 III. Nine Steps Forward I have two clarificatory point ...
What Do Editorial Cartoons about the 21st United
... of our comfort in relation to the well-being of people in other parts of the globe? These ideals encourage us to acknowledge the connections between our activities and their consequences and take responsibility for our choices. Climate change is a chance and incentive to enhance environmental justic ...
... of our comfort in relation to the well-being of people in other parts of the globe? These ideals encourage us to acknowledge the connections between our activities and their consequences and take responsibility for our choices. Climate change is a chance and incentive to enhance environmental justic ...
Targets for global climate policy An overview
... yield different estimates, particularly if vulnerability to climate change is assumed to change with a country or region’s degree of development and if forecasts about development patterns are different. Marginal cost estimates further vary with the way in which uncertainty is treated and with how r ...
... yield different estimates, particularly if vulnerability to climate change is assumed to change with a country or region’s degree of development and if forecasts about development patterns are different. Marginal cost estimates further vary with the way in which uncertainty is treated and with how r ...
Climate research Africa - Deutsches Klima Konsortium
... energy-related infrastructure. For a sustainable implementation of resource use on the local level several factors are essential. Amongst them, capacity building is indispensable ...
... energy-related infrastructure. For a sustainable implementation of resource use on the local level several factors are essential. Amongst them, capacity building is indispensable ...
Investigation - Earthjustice
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the preeminent international global warming study panel comprised of top scientists from around the world. In 1990, the IPCC released its First Assessment Report, which found that anthropogenic emissions were substantially increasing the atmosp ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the preeminent international global warming study panel comprised of top scientists from around the world. In 1990, the IPCC released its First Assessment Report, which found that anthropogenic emissions were substantially increasing the atmosp ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1000 years have been reconstructed from “proxy” data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the di ...
... (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1000 years have been reconstructed from “proxy” data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the di ...
Simulated and Observed Preindustrial to Modern
... (Jones and Moberg 2003), based on over 3000 stations. The FOAM-LPJ simulations were compared to other models that simulated the climate response to a rise in greenhouse gases and are available from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Data Distribution Center for 1851–present. Global ...
... (Jones and Moberg 2003), based on over 3000 stations. The FOAM-LPJ simulations were compared to other models that simulated the climate response to a rise in greenhouse gases and are available from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Data Distribution Center for 1851–present. Global ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.