Climate prediction: a limit to adaptation?
... predictive scientific modelling to be elevated above other evidence base because it can be measured and because of its claimed predictive power (Evans, 2008). The quotes in Table 5.1 imply that more accurate (i.e. reduced uncertainty) and more precise (i.e. higher resolution) regional climate change ...
... predictive scientific modelling to be elevated above other evidence base because it can be measured and because of its claimed predictive power (Evans, 2008). The quotes in Table 5.1 imply that more accurate (i.e. reduced uncertainty) and more precise (i.e. higher resolution) regional climate change ...
Climate Change: The Copenhagen Conference
... than outweighed by increases from developing countries, particularly China, Brazil, India and Indonesia. Global emissions of all greenhouse gases are thought to have increased by around 22% between 1990 and 2005. This was an annual average increase of 1.3%, but the increase between 2000 and 2005 was ...
... than outweighed by increases from developing countries, particularly China, Brazil, India and Indonesia. Global emissions of all greenhouse gases are thought to have increased by around 22% between 1990 and 2005. This was an annual average increase of 1.3%, but the increase between 2000 and 2005 was ...
Chapter 6 Non-CO climate effects of aviation
... effects of aviation, particularly in taking into account short-lived effects, and effects that do not relate to emissions in a straightforward way (e.g. the formation of contrails and cirrus cloud coverage only occurs under certain atmospheric conditions). Nevertheless, the GWP is finding some favou ...
... effects of aviation, particularly in taking into account short-lived effects, and effects that do not relate to emissions in a straightforward way (e.g. the formation of contrails and cirrus cloud coverage only occurs under certain atmospheric conditions). Nevertheless, the GWP is finding some favou ...
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region
... 2014). These climate stressors do not operate in isolation. Compounding their impacts are factors such as population growth, habitat fragmentation and destruction, and resource depletion that can further tax ecosystems and species. This document summarizes current scientific evidence of these trends ...
... 2014). These climate stressors do not operate in isolation. Compounding their impacts are factors such as population growth, habitat fragmentation and destruction, and resource depletion that can further tax ecosystems and species. This document summarizes current scientific evidence of these trends ...
... and nutrients) and momentum. For these reasons, the use of environmental temperature indices obtainable by satellite or global observatories [such as sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature (Ta)] as proxies for body temperature (Tb) require explicit validation, even as relative indicators ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... from Earth's crust and burial back into the crust (Berner, 2004). CO2 outgassing occurs during subduction of oceanic crust. Burial is primarily via the chemical weathering of rocks with deposition of carbonates on the ocean floor, and to a less extent via burial of organic matter, some of which even ...
... from Earth's crust and burial back into the crust (Berner, 2004). CO2 outgassing occurs during subduction of oceanic crust. Burial is primarily via the chemical weathering of rocks with deposition of carbonates on the ocean floor, and to a less extent via burial of organic matter, some of which even ...
a draft strategy towards climate change action plans for
... its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by the year 2030, relative to its 2005 emissions, under the EU 2030 emissions targets published by the European Commission in July 2016. Ireland has also received some margins for flexibility: 4% flexibility through emissions trading and a 5.6% flexibility from la ...
... its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by the year 2030, relative to its 2005 emissions, under the EU 2030 emissions targets published by the European Commission in July 2016. Ireland has also received some margins for flexibility: 4% flexibility through emissions trading and a 5.6% flexibility from la ...
'A spaciotemporal analysis of U.S. station temperature trends over the last century
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
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... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
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... make a comprehensive analysis of climate impacts an extremely challenging task. Crop simulation models and other agronomic models used in prior research differ in complexity and in the degree to which they incorporate physiological processes (Boote, Jones, and Pickering, 1996). In addition, methods ...
... make a comprehensive analysis of climate impacts an extremely challenging task. Crop simulation models and other agronomic models used in prior research differ in complexity and in the degree to which they incorporate physiological processes (Boote, Jones, and Pickering, 1996). In addition, methods ...
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE
... WMO is important. The decision by the 21st UNEP Governing Council, which reaffirms its strong support for the IPCC was explicitly welcome. A sound financial basis is essential for future work. The participation of developing country experts needs to be strengthened, and the choice of lead authors sh ...
... WMO is important. The decision by the 21st UNEP Governing Council, which reaffirms its strong support for the IPCC was explicitly welcome. A sound financial basis is essential for future work. The participation of developing country experts needs to be strengthened, and the choice of lead authors sh ...
Long-term changes in climate and insect damage
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic si ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic si ...
Climate Change and its Effects on Ecosystems, Habitats and Biota
... et al. 2007; Shearman 2010). However, the rate Figure 3: Coastal water temperature taken from two harbors of increase has accelerated in recent years and within the Gulf of Maine region. regional studies indicate that sea surface temperatures in this region have increased by about 0.23°C from 1982 t ...
... et al. 2007; Shearman 2010). However, the rate Figure 3: Coastal water temperature taken from two harbors of increase has accelerated in recent years and within the Gulf of Maine region. regional studies indicate that sea surface temperatures in this region have increased by about 0.23°C from 1982 t ...
Multidecadal Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability and
... The NAOI spectrum is almost white, but there is multidecadal variability ...
... The NAOI spectrum is almost white, but there is multidecadal variability ...
SENSING AND RESPONDING TO A CLIMATE CHANGE
... They provide farming input goods and advisory services to farmers and improve their economic situation and livelihoods. During the time of global warming, farmers' associations, on the one hand, encounter great uncertainty of market conditions, caused by climate changes and extreme weather events. O ...
... They provide farming input goods and advisory services to farmers and improve their economic situation and livelihoods. During the time of global warming, farmers' associations, on the one hand, encounter great uncertainty of market conditions, caused by climate changes and extreme weather events. O ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
... narrow definition stands in stark contrast to the broader definition used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations group tasked with assessing climate science for policy makers, which states that climate change is ‘‘any change in climate over time whether due to na ...
... narrow definition stands in stark contrast to the broader definition used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations group tasked with assessing climate science for policy makers, which states that climate change is ‘‘any change in climate over time whether due to na ...
Environmental refugees: The impact of climate change on emigration
... by mankind to a large degree, there is less consensus about its consequences, particularly in the security sector. Climate change is a highly complex and long-term phenomenon, which is hard to grasp for “ordinary” citizens. Not everybody is affected by climate change equally, and its consequences ar ...
... by mankind to a large degree, there is less consensus about its consequences, particularly in the security sector. Climate change is a highly complex and long-term phenomenon, which is hard to grasp for “ordinary” citizens. Not everybody is affected by climate change equally, and its consequences ar ...
Climate Change Action Plan
... location of productivity zones. Sea turtles are also at risk. The sex ratio of turtle hatchlings is temperaturedependent, and warming conditions could see a significant bias toward females in future populations. Commercially important species, such as many fish and prawns, rely on corals, seagrasses ...
... location of productivity zones. Sea turtles are also at risk. The sex ratio of turtle hatchlings is temperaturedependent, and warming conditions could see a significant bias toward females in future populations. Commercially important species, such as many fish and prawns, rely on corals, seagrasses ...
Word - war changes climate
... Earth Summit in Rio.19 As other voices have also commented that while the results were not optimal, at least they were a beginning20 and it was now only necessary to continue steadfastly along the road chosen, it appears as if climate history has already been written and only a determination of the ...
... Earth Summit in Rio.19 As other voices have also commented that while the results were not optimal, at least they were a beginning20 and it was now only necessary to continue steadfastly along the road chosen, it appears as if climate history has already been written and only a determination of the ...
Cities and Climate Change Initiative - UN
... envisage at the global and national levels have yet to be accompanied by concerted measures at the city and local levels. While we fine-tune carbon trading instruments, we need to take immediate actions to make our cities more sustainable by revisiting our landuse plans, our transport modalities, and ...
... envisage at the global and national levels have yet to be accompanied by concerted measures at the city and local levels. While we fine-tune carbon trading instruments, we need to take immediate actions to make our cities more sustainable by revisiting our landuse plans, our transport modalities, and ...
Word - Oceanclimate.de
... Earth Summit in Rio.19 As other voices have also commented that while the results were not optimal, at least they were a beginning20 and it was now only necessary to continue steadfastly along the road chosen, it appears as if climate history has already been written and only a determination of the ...
... Earth Summit in Rio.19 As other voices have also commented that while the results were not optimal, at least they were a beginning20 and it was now only necessary to continue steadfastly along the road chosen, it appears as if climate history has already been written and only a determination of the ...
1 - weADAPT
... Meteorological data access issues limit the analysis of climate change in Burundi. The NAPA place emphasis on the witnessed climate variability and climate change based on historical information and traditional knowledge. The SCENGEN scenario results for the sites of Gisozi and Mparambo show quite l ...
... Meteorological data access issues limit the analysis of climate change in Burundi. The NAPA place emphasis on the witnessed climate variability and climate change based on historical information and traditional knowledge. The SCENGEN scenario results for the sites of Gisozi and Mparambo show quite l ...
Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long
... Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates of glacier mass changes (18– 20) (see Supporting Information for description) have recently become more consistent despite their different reconstruction techniques (21). Although human influence do ...
... Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates of glacier mass changes (18– 20) (see Supporting Information for description) have recently become more consistent despite their different reconstruction techniques (21). Although human influence do ...
Curriculum Vitae: Lisa Goddard
... terms of their education and their nationalities. There is a set of core classes and then a wide array of elective classes available for them to design the climate and society degree that fits their interests and talents. I developed and lead the core class on Dynamics of Climate Variability and Cli ...
... terms of their education and their nationalities. There is a set of core classes and then a wide array of elective classes available for them to design the climate and society degree that fits their interests and talents. I developed and lead the core class on Dynamics of Climate Variability and Cli ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.