Oceanic climate and circulation changes during the past four
... (Figure 3b) shows negative anomalies of 18% during these two time periods. Additionally, the coral D14C values varied on much shorter timescales than the tree ring D14C ...
... (Figure 3b) shows negative anomalies of 18% during these two time periods. Additionally, the coral D14C values varied on much shorter timescales than the tree ring D14C ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Gu ...
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Gu ...
Climate Change and Alberta`s Forests
... concentration, to an altering of the sensitivity of trees, making them more prone to the damaging impacts of O3. Increased tropospheric O3, on the other hand, is a growing air pollutant and a threat to forests in the northern hemisphere. Current concentrations range between 20 and 45 ppb (parts per ...
... concentration, to an altering of the sensitivity of trees, making them more prone to the damaging impacts of O3. Increased tropospheric O3, on the other hand, is a growing air pollutant and a threat to forests in the northern hemisphere. Current concentrations range between 20 and 45 ppb (parts per ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Gu ...
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Gu ...
Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks
... timescale of variability be sufficiently fast that such changes are detectable. Third, provided the committed state shift can be detected, lags between realized and committed changes may allow for interventions, either by reversing the forcing that originally tipped the system or by introducing a di ...
... timescale of variability be sufficiently fast that such changes are detectable. Third, provided the committed state shift can be detected, lags between realized and committed changes may allow for interventions, either by reversing the forcing that originally tipped the system or by introducing a di ...
pdf file)
... incorporating assumptions about a reasonable range of temperatures and precipitation levels. Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be subjected to very different climatic conditions over the design life and might be inadequat ...
... incorporating assumptions about a reasonable range of temperatures and precipitation levels. Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be subjected to very different climatic conditions over the design life and might be inadequat ...
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... of the balanced growth equivalent, which was sadly lacking from the Stern Review. The Stern Review diverged from the usual approaches of calculating the welfare impact of climate change employed in the literature (Pearce et al., 1996; Smith et al., 2001) in a number of ways. For one, it presented th ...
... of the balanced growth equivalent, which was sadly lacking from the Stern Review. The Stern Review diverged from the usual approaches of calculating the welfare impact of climate change employed in the literature (Pearce et al., 1996; Smith et al., 2001) in a number of ways. For one, it presented th ...
How Can African Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change?
... 2007) highlights that annual minimum temperature has been increasing by about 0.37 degrees Celsius every 10 years over the past 55 years. Rainfall have been more erratic with some areas becoming drier while other becoming relatively wetter. These findings point out that climatic variations have alre ...
... 2007) highlights that annual minimum temperature has been increasing by about 0.37 degrees Celsius every 10 years over the past 55 years. Rainfall have been more erratic with some areas becoming drier while other becoming relatively wetter. These findings point out that climatic variations have alre ...
Management & Engineering
... information and evidence for climate change. AR4 also pointed out that opportunity costs would be reduced if earlier action is taken in mitigating the risks of global warming. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (Stern Nicholas 2007), which issued by UK Government in October 2006, w ...
... information and evidence for climate change. AR4 also pointed out that opportunity costs would be reduced if earlier action is taken in mitigating the risks of global warming. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (Stern Nicholas 2007), which issued by UK Government in October 2006, w ...
National Climate Change Strategy
... that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigation and adaptation opportunities while contributing significantly to the int ...
... that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigation and adaptation opportunities while contributing significantly to the int ...
2 20 Century Portuguese Climate and Climate Scenarios
... very significant reduction in the mean March precipitation, all over the country, accompanied in the last decade by a smaller, but important reduction in February. These changes had significant negative correlations with the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Climate change scenarios for Portugal wer ...
... very significant reduction in the mean March precipitation, all over the country, accompanied in the last decade by a smaller, but important reduction in February. These changes had significant negative correlations with the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Climate change scenarios for Portugal wer ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A global concern - EDA
... windward side and semi-deserts on their lee side. Due to their altitudinal extent, many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger ...
... windward side and semi-deserts on their lee side. Due to their altitudinal extent, many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger ...
Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850–2080 from the
... decrease in P/PET (i.e., a drier terrestrial climate) by ~3.4%/°C ocean mean surface temperature increase. Other studies also show a 21st century drying [Cook et al., 2014; Scheff and Frierson, 2015] and dryland expansion [Huang et al., 2016]. The predicted changes in near-surface relative humidity ...
... decrease in P/PET (i.e., a drier terrestrial climate) by ~3.4%/°C ocean mean surface temperature increase. Other studies also show a 21st century drying [Cook et al., 2014; Scheff and Frierson, 2015] and dryland expansion [Huang et al., 2016]. The predicted changes in near-surface relative humidity ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern
... windward side and semi-deserts on their lee side. Due to their altitudinal extent, many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger ...
... windward side and semi-deserts on their lee side. Due to their altitudinal extent, many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger ...
An Earth-System Prediction Initiative for the 21st Century
... particular, carbon sequestration and its interaction with other biogeochemical cycles like reactive nitrogen. This requires introduction and more accurate representation of key processes in climate models, such as the Earth/ocean methane release and glacial and seaice melting. The present suites of ...
... particular, carbon sequestration and its interaction with other biogeochemical cycles like reactive nitrogen. This requires introduction and more accurate representation of key processes in climate models, such as the Earth/ocean methane release and glacial and seaice melting. The present suites of ...
Ambiguity and climate policy
... to develop approaches to policy evaluation which account for uncertainty and not just risk, since these will either justify our reliance on existing methods, or provide appropriate tools for future work. What is our state of knowledge about the climate system, and can it be described by unique proba ...
... to develop approaches to policy evaluation which account for uncertainty and not just risk, since these will either justify our reliance on existing methods, or provide appropriate tools for future work. What is our state of knowledge about the climate system, and can it be described by unique proba ...
AMERICAN CLIMATE VALUES 2014 insights by racial
... Climate change is coming once again to the forefront of national debate. The issue is existentially important, and the need for urgent, meaningful action is greater than can be put into words. We need to reach beyond the environmental community—especially to the groups that will be most impacted by ...
... Climate change is coming once again to the forefront of national debate. The issue is existentially important, and the need for urgent, meaningful action is greater than can be put into words. We need to reach beyond the environmental community—especially to the groups that will be most impacted by ...
Adaptation Finance - Center For Global Development
... Nancy Birdsall is the president of the Center for Global Development. Michele de Nevers is a senior visiting program associate at the Center for Global Development. The authors thank Andrew Steer and Simon Maxwell in particular for their interest and comments, as well as Owen Barder, Neil Bird, Warr ...
... Nancy Birdsall is the president of the Center for Global Development. Michele de Nevers is a senior visiting program associate at the Center for Global Development. The authors thank Andrew Steer and Simon Maxwell in particular for their interest and comments, as well as Owen Barder, Neil Bird, Warr ...
PDF
... significant role as a major route to export market accounting for about 48 percent of all grain tonnages for export over the same period (Marathon and Denicoff 2011). Mississippi River and its tributaries on the Mississippi river basin are the largest inland water way system shipping grains especial ...
... significant role as a major route to export market accounting for about 48 percent of all grain tonnages for export over the same period (Marathon and Denicoff 2011). Mississippi River and its tributaries on the Mississippi river basin are the largest inland water way system shipping grains especial ...
Blue Nile Runoff Sensitivity to Climate Change
... Nile Forecast Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Giza 12666, Egypt Abstract: This study describes implementation of hydrological climate change impact assessment tool utilising a combination of statistical spatiotemporal downscaling and an operational hydrological model known as the ...
... Nile Forecast Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Giza 12666, Egypt Abstract: This study describes implementation of hydrological climate change impact assessment tool utilising a combination of statistical spatiotemporal downscaling and an operational hydrological model known as the ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
Linking Climate Change and Fish Conservation Efforts Using
... management efforts by state and federal agencies. The species’ temperature sensitivity (Selong et al. 2001) has prompted concerns that climate change could lead to substantial range contractions (Rieman et al. 1997, 2007). Our focal area in the Boise River basin (BRB) of central Idaho is near the so ...
... management efforts by state and federal agencies. The species’ temperature sensitivity (Selong et al. 2001) has prompted concerns that climate change could lead to substantial range contractions (Rieman et al. 1997, 2007). Our focal area in the Boise River basin (BRB) of central Idaho is near the so ...
UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017 Synthesis Report
... new and emerging pests and diseases (Table SR.1). A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, leading to heavier rainfall and more frequent flooding, including outside of recognised flood risk areas. Higher temperatures will affect public health, infrastructure, business, farming, forestry and the n ...
... new and emerging pests and diseases (Table SR.1). A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, leading to heavier rainfall and more frequent flooding, including outside of recognised flood risk areas. Higher temperatures will affect public health, infrastructure, business, farming, forestry and the n ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
What Is El Niño? - Institute For Global Environmental Strategies
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.