What Is El Niño? - Institute For Global Environmental Strategies
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
Deep South Challenge Research and Business Plan
... planners and regulators through in depth scientific engagement. Improve predictions of our future climate based on: o developing a world-class Earth System Modelling capability, underpinned by improved understanding of Antarctic and Southern Ocean processes, to better simulate key climate drivers an ...
... planners and regulators through in depth scientific engagement. Improve predictions of our future climate based on: o developing a world-class Earth System Modelling capability, underpinned by improved understanding of Antarctic and Southern Ocean processes, to better simulate key climate drivers an ...
Washing Away Our Heritage: The Impacts of Rising Sea
... histories. For instance, hurricanes Hugo and Sandy both had major impacts on Charleston and Boston, respectively. These hurricanes could be used as examples for what may happen in the future to these cities on a worse scale, if adaptive measures are not taken. Boston has numerous works written on th ...
... histories. For instance, hurricanes Hugo and Sandy both had major impacts on Charleston and Boston, respectively. These hurricanes could be used as examples for what may happen in the future to these cities on a worse scale, if adaptive measures are not taken. Boston has numerous works written on th ...
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... literature review found a range of feasible attributes and co-benefits to be included into this study (Table 1) (Jindal et al., 2008; MacKerron et al. 2009; Blasch and Farsi 2012). These possible attributes and co-benefits were refined through focus group interviews for the choice experiment survey. ...
... literature review found a range of feasible attributes and co-benefits to be included into this study (Table 1) (Jindal et al., 2008; MacKerron et al. 2009; Blasch and Farsi 2012). These possible attributes and co-benefits were refined through focus group interviews for the choice experiment survey. ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Guyana
... are debilitated plant vitality and increased propagation of pests, as drought periods increase the breeding of vectors through water pooling and soil erosion associated with the increased intensity of hydro events. In addition, climate change is likely to affect crop productivity in specific geograp ...
... are debilitated plant vitality and increased propagation of pests, as drought periods increase the breeding of vectors through water pooling and soil erosion associated with the increased intensity of hydro events. In addition, climate change is likely to affect crop productivity in specific geograp ...
Titill greinar
... improved health, or the loss in utility from e.g. swithcing from a large to a smaller vehicle. ...
... improved health, or the loss in utility from e.g. swithcing from a large to a smaller vehicle. ...
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
... to a huge increase in fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, causing a dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This increased CO2 is believed to be responsible for a significant rise in global temperature over the past several decades. Global-scale climate modeling suggests that the ...
... to a huge increase in fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, causing a dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This increased CO2 is believed to be responsible for a significant rise in global temperature over the past several decades. Global-scale climate modeling suggests that the ...
Carbon pricing: how best to use the revenue?
... Countries with a pressing need to reduce the ratio of public debt to GDP may want to use carbon pricing revenues to reduce their budget deficits. There is, however, debate about the level at which a high debt ratio becomes a threat to economic performance and how fast budget consolidation should tak ...
... Countries with a pressing need to reduce the ratio of public debt to GDP may want to use carbon pricing revenues to reduce their budget deficits. There is, however, debate about the level at which a high debt ratio becomes a threat to economic performance and how fast budget consolidation should tak ...
Green Finance Solves - UMKC Summer Debate Institute
... different economic and political systems, so the same financing solutions will not always apply in both nations. However, China and the United States have enough in common that both would benefit from the exchange of best practices and lessons learned as they relate to clean energy finance. Clarify ...
... different economic and political systems, so the same financing solutions will not always apply in both nations. However, China and the United States have enough in common that both would benefit from the exchange of best practices and lessons learned as they relate to clean energy finance. Clarify ...
‘information barrier’: Comparing perspectives on Unpacking the
... In addition, the 2011 Progress Report of the ICCATF, listed “improving accessibility and coordination of science for decision making” as one of the five key areas where federal adaptation progress has been made (ICCATF, 2011). Given all of these reports of success in the area of providing information ...
... In addition, the 2011 Progress Report of the ICCATF, listed “improving accessibility and coordination of science for decision making” as one of the five key areas where federal adaptation progress has been made (ICCATF, 2011). Given all of these reports of success in the area of providing information ...
Climate change during the last 150 million years: reconstruction
... Variations of the atmospheric CO2 level and the global mean surface temperature during the last 150 Ma are reconstructed by using a carbon cycle model with high-resolution input data. In this model, the organic carbon budget and the CO2 degassing from the mantle, both of which would characterize the ...
... Variations of the atmospheric CO2 level and the global mean surface temperature during the last 150 Ma are reconstructed by using a carbon cycle model with high-resolution input data. In this model, the organic carbon budget and the CO2 degassing from the mantle, both of which would characterize the ...
Climate change in the Norwegian Arctic – Consequences for life in
... Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated information concerning ongoing and future climate change in the Arctic is available to decision makers. ...
... Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated information concerning ongoing and future climate change in the Arctic is available to decision makers. ...
The impact of climate change on the UK
... paper, metals and mining, construction and industrial production). Between them, these two tiers of assets account for around a third of global equity and fixed-income assets. 1.23 These asset-side impacts might be felt across general and life insurers and a range of factors could influence the spee ...
... paper, metals and mining, construction and industrial production). Between them, these two tiers of assets account for around a third of global equity and fixed-income assets. 1.23 These asset-side impacts might be felt across general and life insurers and a range of factors could influence the spee ...
Australian horticulture`s response to climate change and
... This project on horticulture's response to climate change and climate variability was conducted between 2006 and 2008, and engaged with growers, consultants and scientists in three major horticultural regions in Australia. Together with an assessment of tools capable of assisting growers and their a ...
... This project on horticulture's response to climate change and climate variability was conducted between 2006 and 2008, and engaged with growers, consultants and scientists in three major horticultural regions in Australia. Together with an assessment of tools capable of assisting growers and their a ...
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... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
... A combination of adaptation and substantial, sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can limit climate change risks ...
... A combination of adaptation and substantial, sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can limit climate change risks ...
appendix - UA Atmospheric Sciences
... Arellano, A.F., (2011), The Air We Breathe in the Midst of a Changing World, University of Arizona Science Connections, Science Café, Cushing St., Arizona, 8 Nov. Arellano, A.F., (2011), Toward seamless prediction of chemical weather, University of Arizona ADVANCE Sustainable Technology Data Blitz, ...
... Arellano, A.F., (2011), The Air We Breathe in the Midst of a Changing World, University of Arizona Science Connections, Science Café, Cushing St., Arizona, 8 Nov. Arellano, A.F., (2011), Toward seamless prediction of chemical weather, University of Arizona ADVANCE Sustainable Technology Data Blitz, ...
Final CHNEP Vulnerability Assessment.indd
... climate and physical processes at the surface. The Earth absorbs energy from the Sun and also radiates energy back into space. However, much of this energy going back to space is absorbed by “greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere (see Figure 6) Because much of this energy is retained in the surfaceatm ...
... climate and physical processes at the surface. The Earth absorbs energy from the Sun and also radiates energy back into space. However, much of this energy going back to space is absorbed by “greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere (see Figure 6) Because much of this energy is retained in the surfaceatm ...
Semiarid watershed response in central New Mexico and its
... of a particular watershed model for applications in the Southwest US, in general, and the Rı́o Grande, in particular, will depend on a number of factors, including: (1) the climate, soil, vegetation and terrain in the basin will dictate the selection of hydrologic processes and their spatiotemporal ...
... of a particular watershed model for applications in the Southwest US, in general, and the Rı́o Grande, in particular, will depend on a number of factors, including: (1) the climate, soil, vegetation and terrain in the basin will dictate the selection of hydrologic processes and their spatiotemporal ...
National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors
... Alternatively, members can use this workbook to complete their annual progress reports (see: www.greenhouse.gov.au/challenge ). For less complex emission profiles, members can use the spreadsheet calculator which incorporates the most commonly used emission factors (see: www.greenhouse.gov.au/chal ...
... Alternatively, members can use this workbook to complete their annual progress reports (see: www.greenhouse.gov.au/challenge ). For less complex emission profiles, members can use the spreadsheet calculator which incorporates the most commonly used emission factors (see: www.greenhouse.gov.au/chal ...
Project Document for CEO Approval (Revised)
... Mitigation of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is important as it will also help counter the current trade imbalance that results from the importation of large quantities of fossil fuels, and in light of the increasing national energy need, at all levels; Through further research and impr ...
... Mitigation of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is important as it will also help counter the current trade imbalance that results from the importation of large quantities of fossil fuels, and in light of the increasing national energy need, at all levels; Through further research and impr ...
A Proposed New Metric For Quantifying The Climatic Effects Of Human-Caused
... agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the compone ...
... agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the compone ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... Urban heat island The temperature in cities is generally higher than in the surrounding rural areas. As a result, city dwellers are more exposed to heat stress during heat waves. This leads to an increased mortality rate, especially among the elderly and children. Causes of the heat island effect in ...
... Urban heat island The temperature in cities is generally higher than in the surrounding rural areas. As a result, city dwellers are more exposed to heat stress during heat waves. This leads to an increased mortality rate, especially among the elderly and children. Causes of the heat island effect in ...
Xeni Gwet`in Community-based Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... as well as jeopardize certain tourism and energy projects. At the same time, long-term climate changes may not be all bad. A warmer climate could present new opportunities for agricultural growth, a longer tourist season and new eco-forestry development in the XGCA. These projected changes are by no ...
... as well as jeopardize certain tourism and energy projects. At the same time, long-term climate changes may not be all bad. A warmer climate could present new opportunities for agricultural growth, a longer tourist season and new eco-forestry development in the XGCA. These projected changes are by no ...
Saturation of the terrestrial carbon sink
... to ambient levels (Jasoni et al. 2005). These examples illustrate that a variety of responses of NEP to CO2 can occur in different ecosystems. In summary, ecosystem responses to large step increases of CO2 concentration can show a strong saturation behavior driven by resource limitation. Plant growt ...
... to ambient levels (Jasoni et al. 2005). These examples illustrate that a variety of responses of NEP to CO2 can occur in different ecosystems. In summary, ecosystem responses to large step increases of CO2 concentration can show a strong saturation behavior driven by resource limitation. Plant growt ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.