CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT: a
... Appendices). These were compiled on the basis of the team expert’s knowledge of the field. These searches were largely conducted manually, going through key journal publications since 2001 and retrieving those papers within our inclusion criteria. In one instance, with the journal ‘Nature’, this inv ...
... Appendices). These were compiled on the basis of the team expert’s knowledge of the field. These searches were largely conducted manually, going through key journal publications since 2001 and retrieving those papers within our inclusion criteria. In one instance, with the journal ‘Nature’, this inv ...
Equitable access to sustainable development
... the principle that no nation has a right to unrestrained GHG emissions or to cause harm to the world as a whole through unrestrained greenhouse gas emissions is the larger concept of the atmosphere as a common space shared by all nations in the world, that must be considered under both past and futu ...
... the principle that no nation has a right to unrestrained GHG emissions or to cause harm to the world as a whole through unrestrained greenhouse gas emissions is the larger concept of the atmosphere as a common space shared by all nations in the world, that must be considered under both past and futu ...
Observational evidence for human impact on aerosol cloud
... In winter the most pronounced radius effect occurred during JF for both the zonal and meridional circulations. This can be explained by the influence of sulphate layers in the more frequently stable atmospheres. The maximum albedo decrease of 7.8% is due to the meridional circulation type in highly po ...
... In winter the most pronounced radius effect occurred during JF for both the zonal and meridional circulations. This can be explained by the influence of sulphate layers in the more frequently stable atmospheres. The maximum albedo decrease of 7.8% is due to the meridional circulation type in highly po ...
World Climate Conference-3
... through which climate variability and change manifest their impacts in different sectors of development. It is, therefore, important to understand the impacts of climate variability, particularly extreme events (floods and droughts), on the availability of water resources management plans to adapt t ...
... through which climate variability and change manifest their impacts in different sectors of development. It is, therefore, important to understand the impacts of climate variability, particularly extreme events (floods and droughts), on the availability of water resources management plans to adapt t ...
Full Report - A New Climate for Peace
... most vulnerable groups within those countries — are the most threatened. In places affected by fragility and conflict, people face especially challenging obstacles to successful adaptation. If they fail to adapt to the effects of climate change, the risk of instability will increase, trapping them i ...
... most vulnerable groups within those countries — are the most threatened. In places affected by fragility and conflict, people face especially challenging obstacles to successful adaptation. If they fail to adapt to the effects of climate change, the risk of instability will increase, trapping them i ...
Future changes in Mekong River hydrology
... Hoanh et al. (2010) and Mekong River Commission (2010c) are to our knowledge the only basin-wide studies in which both climate change and basin development activities (including hydropower) are assessed together. While both of them used only the results of one GCM (ECHAM 4) to project climate change ...
... Hoanh et al. (2010) and Mekong River Commission (2010c) are to our knowledge the only basin-wide studies in which both climate change and basin development activities (including hydropower) are assessed together. While both of them used only the results of one GCM (ECHAM 4) to project climate change ...
Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen
... plant growth could increase from 24% to 54% in response to doubled CO2 given adequate nutrients and water (Raich et al. 1991; McGuire et al. 1992; Gunderson and Wullschleger 1994; Curtis and Wang 1998; Norby et al. 1999, 2005). A 24% response to doubled CO2 would correspond to a kC value of 215 ppmv ...
... plant growth could increase from 24% to 54% in response to doubled CO2 given adequate nutrients and water (Raich et al. 1991; McGuire et al. 1992; Gunderson and Wullschleger 1994; Curtis and Wang 1998; Norby et al. 1999, 2005). A 24% response to doubled CO2 would correspond to a kC value of 215 ppmv ...
Volume 1 - Assessment Report - Caribbean Regional Fisheries
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from
... as the consequences of changes in radiative forcing, such as insolation, volcanic eruptions, and greenhouse gas concentrations. Surface temperature is determined by the planetary energy balance and serves as a symptom of perturbations to that balance, but also contains variability due to natural cli ...
... as the consequences of changes in radiative forcing, such as insolation, volcanic eruptions, and greenhouse gas concentrations. Surface temperature is determined by the planetary energy balance and serves as a symptom of perturbations to that balance, but also contains variability due to natural cli ...
Northern Canada
... in the last decade, with the greatest temperature increases observed over the western Arctic. All global climate models project continued increases in temperature and precipitation over the Canadian Arctic, with greatest temperature changes at higher latitudes. As a result, there will continue to be ...
... in the last decade, with the greatest temperature increases observed over the western Arctic. All global climate models project continued increases in temperature and precipitation over the Canadian Arctic, with greatest temperature changes at higher latitudes. As a result, there will continue to be ...
Marine Biodiversity and Resources
... significant effects on important coastal habitats, including wetland, mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass ecosystems. Some of these changes have already been observed. The magnitude of the recent physical changes is greater than at any time during human civilization and, importantly, the rate of change ...
... significant effects on important coastal habitats, including wetland, mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass ecosystems. Some of these changes have already been observed. The magnitude of the recent physical changes is greater than at any time during human civilization and, importantly, the rate of change ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES AMBIGUITY AND CLIMATE POLICY Antony Millner Simon Dietz
... to develop approaches to policy evaluation which account for uncertainty and not just risk, since these will either justify our reliance on existing methods, or provide appropriate tools for future work. What is our state of knowledge about the climate system, and can it be described by unique proba ...
... to develop approaches to policy evaluation which account for uncertainty and not just risk, since these will either justify our reliance on existing methods, or provide appropriate tools for future work. What is our state of knowledge about the climate system, and can it be described by unique proba ...
Geographical Variation of Climate Change Impact on Rice Yield in
... subject to error on larger scales [7]. Conversely, statistical models do not consider growth processes but instead employ statistical relationships between historical crop yields and climate trends; these models are easy to use and suitable for scales from site to global. However, statistical models ...
... subject to error on larger scales [7]. Conversely, statistical models do not consider growth processes but instead employ statistical relationships between historical crop yields and climate trends; these models are easy to use and suitable for scales from site to global. However, statistical models ...
Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK, Department of Health
... Nevertheless, assuming that temperature plays an important role in mortality, we estimate that by the year 2050 excess cold weather deaths will have declined significantly, perhaps by 20 000 per year.This estimation assumes that other social and material conditions do not change.We also estimate tha ...
... Nevertheless, assuming that temperature plays an important role in mortality, we estimate that by the year 2050 excess cold weather deaths will have declined significantly, perhaps by 20 000 per year.This estimation assumes that other social and material conditions do not change.We also estimate tha ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LIMITED
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
Abbreviations and acronyms - Caribbean Regional Fisheries
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
... Fisheries and aquaculture in the CARICOM region are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability, and to several hazards that typically result in disasters. The concern is with hydro-meteorological and geological hazards while acknowledging interaction with technological haz ...
Impact of Climate Change on Households in the Indonesian
... Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with 17,508 islands and around 81,000 km of coastline where 60% of the total population of 230 million live, thus it is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Rising sea levels and the resultant saltwater intrusion will affect many different sect ...
... Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with 17,508 islands and around 81,000 km of coastline where 60% of the total population of 230 million live, thus it is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Rising sea levels and the resultant saltwater intrusion will affect many different sect ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Yield Potential of Maize across
... is less than half of the world’s average (Godfray et al., 2010; Jiang et al., 2015). Meeting challenges of climate change on food security necessitate the need for more adaptive agricultural management. This involves a more accurate calculation of yield potential of different crops at the national l ...
... is less than half of the world’s average (Godfray et al., 2010; Jiang et al., 2015). Meeting challenges of climate change on food security necessitate the need for more adaptive agricultural management. This involves a more accurate calculation of yield potential of different crops at the national l ...
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health
... Climate Solutions. www.climatesolutions.org Climate Vision. Voluntary Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States. U.S. Department of Energy. http://www.climatevision.gov/ Coequyt, John, et al. 2000. Mercury Falling: An Analysis of Mercury Pollution from Coal-Burning Power Plants ...
... Climate Solutions. www.climatesolutions.org Climate Vision. Voluntary Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States. U.S. Department of Energy. http://www.climatevision.gov/ Coequyt, John, et al. 2000. Mercury Falling: An Analysis of Mercury Pollution from Coal-Burning Power Plants ...
Air Quality and Climate Connections - Lamont
... Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two main contributors to non-attainment of U.S. ambient air quality standards, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM), interact wi ...
... Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two main contributors to non-attainment of U.S. ambient air quality standards, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM), interact wi ...
Proceedings from The 50th Societas Ethica Annual Conference
... approaches to solve the problems at hand. Investigating the findings of the Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change, he calls for arguments from various societal backgrounds in order to overcome political inactivity. Robert Heeger offers a probe into the normativity of the questions relating to ...
... approaches to solve the problems at hand. Investigating the findings of the Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change, he calls for arguments from various societal backgrounds in order to overcome political inactivity. Robert Heeger offers a probe into the normativity of the questions relating to ...
NorthSouth asymmetry in the modeled phytoplankton community
... most of the upper ocean. Global models [e.g., Bopp et al., 2001; Sarmiento et al., 2004; Bopp et al., 2005; Steinacher et al., 2010] and first-order principles [Doney, 2006] have hence projected a decrease in surface nutrient supply to phytoplankton and ocean productivity in low-latitude and midlatit ...
... most of the upper ocean. Global models [e.g., Bopp et al., 2001; Sarmiento et al., 2004; Bopp et al., 2005; Steinacher et al., 2010] and first-order principles [Doney, 2006] have hence projected a decrease in surface nutrient supply to phytoplankton and ocean productivity in low-latitude and midlatit ...
GEOPOLITICAL IDENTITY OF CHINA IN INTERNATIONAL
... into force in 1994 and is at the present time ratified by 197 countries often referred as the Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC 2016). The Convention is considered as an important first step in climate politics history because for the first time after the recognition of the problem climate change, c ...
... into force in 1994 and is at the present time ratified by 197 countries often referred as the Parties to the Convention (UNFCCC 2016). The Convention is considered as an important first step in climate politics history because for the first time after the recognition of the problem climate change, c ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.