Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region
... require periods of flooding to maintain healthy habitats and sustain food webs. While there remains uncertainty about how global warming will affect rainfall, stream flow, soil moisture, and overall water availability, human consumption of water resources is almost certain to increase as a result of ...
... require periods of flooding to maintain healthy habitats and sustain food webs. While there remains uncertainty about how global warming will affect rainfall, stream flow, soil moisture, and overall water availability, human consumption of water resources is almost certain to increase as a result of ...
Climate Change and International Economic Law
... economic law requires that the investor would likely prevail in the event of such a dispute.6 Neoliberal economic development, which relies heavily on private actors for development activity, requires a stable and predictable investment environment for private investors.7 In the new investment reali ...
... economic law requires that the investor would likely prevail in the event of such a dispute.6 Neoliberal economic development, which relies heavily on private actors for development activity, requires a stable and predictable investment environment for private investors.7 In the new investment reali ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... We are beginning to see some positive progress. Technological innovation has dramatically cut the costs of renewable energy, increasing its share of global energy investment. In turn, more and more countries are taking policy steps to reduce their emissions and the Paris conference at the end of thi ...
... We are beginning to see some positive progress. Technological innovation has dramatically cut the costs of renewable energy, increasing its share of global energy investment. In turn, more and more countries are taking policy steps to reduce their emissions and the Paris conference at the end of thi ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... to reduce emissions by at least 80% relative to 1990, taking into account the range of considerations discussed in Chapter 1. In this chapter we set out our analysis of the cost-effective path to the 2050 target. Significant ongoing reductions in emissions will be required to 2030 if the UK is to cr ...
... to reduce emissions by at least 80% relative to 1990, taking into account the range of considerations discussed in Chapter 1. In this chapter we set out our analysis of the cost-effective path to the 2050 target. Significant ongoing reductions in emissions will be required to 2030 if the UK is to cr ...
Assessing species and area vulnerability to climate change for the
... economy, lands, and species adapt to climate change. These efforts are especially notable within the populous Willamette Valley. While the goal of many such efforts is to address climate stressors on human communities, here we focus on research and planning efforts that target nonhuman biodiversity. ...
... economy, lands, and species adapt to climate change. These efforts are especially notable within the populous Willamette Valley. While the goal of many such efforts is to address climate stressors on human communities, here we focus on research and planning efforts that target nonhuman biodiversity. ...
Australia`s carbon budget based on global effort sharing
... reducing emissions. The spent budget is equal to the accumulated emissions between 1990 and 2013, as given by official Australian historic data and projections. Scenario 3 (“Delayed action”) assumes that emissions follow official Australian historic data until 2012 and the develop linearly towards t ...
... reducing emissions. The spent budget is equal to the accumulated emissions between 1990 and 2013, as given by official Australian historic data and projections. Scenario 3 (“Delayed action”) assumes that emissions follow official Australian historic data until 2012 and the develop linearly towards t ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... We are beginning to see some positive progress. Technological innovation has dramatically cut the costs of renewable energy, increasing its share of global energy investment. In turn, more and more countries are taking policy steps to reduce their emissions and the Paris conference at the end of thi ...
... We are beginning to see some positive progress. Technological innovation has dramatically cut the costs of renewable energy, increasing its share of global energy investment. In turn, more and more countries are taking policy steps to reduce their emissions and the Paris conference at the end of thi ...
BASE Evaluation Criteria for Climate Adaptation (BECCA)
... socio-economic, political, environmental and climatic context in which they will be implemented. The criteria must also be salient from the point of view of their primary user. The latter may vary from those vulnerable to a particular impact of climate change to local implementers of adaptation meas ...
... socio-economic, political, environmental and climatic context in which they will be implemented. The criteria must also be salient from the point of view of their primary user. The latter may vary from those vulnerable to a particular impact of climate change to local implementers of adaptation meas ...
Validation of Downscaled Climate Change Scenarios of
... of climate change on vulnerability of agricultural production systems and focuses on climate change impacts and options for adaptation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). To achieve this the project seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions ...
... of climate change on vulnerability of agricultural production systems and focuses on climate change impacts and options for adaptation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). To achieve this the project seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions ...
Rising Temperatures, Worsening Ozone Pollution
... diseases such as asthma and can cause breathing difficulties even in healthy individuals. The result is more time spent in hospital emergency rooms, as well as additional sick days and even premature deaths. These health impacts not only involve suffering; they are also costly, constituting a signif ...
... diseases such as asthma and can cause breathing difficulties even in healthy individuals. The result is more time spent in hospital emergency rooms, as well as additional sick days and even premature deaths. These health impacts not only involve suffering; they are also costly, constituting a signif ...
Climate change and its impacts on Kazakhstan`s human development
... Energy, water and climate are three interrelated concepts which impact on life, people’s living conditions and human development. In many respects a globalized world has no borders, and no country can isolate itself from those problems which affect the whole planet. We support the endeavors of those ...
... Energy, water and climate are three interrelated concepts which impact on life, people’s living conditions and human development. In many respects a globalized world has no borders, and no country can isolate itself from those problems which affect the whole planet. We support the endeavors of those ...
Paleoclimate forcing by the solar De Vries/Suess cycle
... future until ∼ AD 2070 and then increase again. Steinhilber and Beer (2013) find in their analysis of solar isotope data the De Vries/Suess cycle as the strongest spectral component and, additionally, give a prediction of future climate for the next 500 years with cooling until ∼ AD 2080. Kern et al ...
... future until ∼ AD 2070 and then increase again. Steinhilber and Beer (2013) find in their analysis of solar isotope data the De Vries/Suess cycle as the strongest spectral component and, additionally, give a prediction of future climate for the next 500 years with cooling until ∼ AD 2080. Kern et al ...
Assessing the Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in South Asia
... study illustrates that South Asia on average could lose nearly 2% of its GDP by 2050, rising to a loss of nearly 9% by 2100 under business-as-usual (BAU) scenario—higher still if losses due to extreme weather events are added. It further reveals that a significant part of the losses could be avoided ...
... study illustrates that South Asia on average could lose nearly 2% of its GDP by 2050, rising to a loss of nearly 9% by 2100 under business-as-usual (BAU) scenario—higher still if losses due to extreme weather events are added. It further reveals that a significant part of the losses could be avoided ...
Climate Change and Our Natural Resources A Report from the
... Figure 9: Percent of the upper 100 m of the water column off the U.S. Pacific coast estimated to be undersaturated with aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate used by marine organisms to form shells): during pre-industrial times (left) and in August to September 2011 (right). Numbers in the squares ...
... Figure 9: Percent of the upper 100 m of the water column off the U.S. Pacific coast estimated to be undersaturated with aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate used by marine organisms to form shells): during pre-industrial times (left) and in August to September 2011 (right). Numbers in the squares ...
International cooperation in the field of CCS - Approaches and implementation
... There is still a need to demonstrate CCS feasibility by means of large demonstration plants, sufficient load flexibility, and commercial availability. CO2 utilization (Carbon Capture & Use, CCU) does yet not offer sufficient potential as a replacement for CO2 storage, although it may become signific ...
... There is still a need to demonstrate CCS feasibility by means of large demonstration plants, sufficient load flexibility, and commercial availability. CO2 utilization (Carbon Capture & Use, CCU) does yet not offer sufficient potential as a replacement for CO2 storage, although it may become signific ...
56 - University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
... 19 out of the 30 most vulnerable countries were LDCs. This is in line with the fact that LDCs, along with SIDS,are recognized as being the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2Yet, only nine of the 52 tropica ...
... 19 out of the 30 most vulnerable countries were LDCs. This is in line with the fact that LDCs, along with SIDS,are recognized as being the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2Yet, only nine of the 52 tropica ...
Synthesis of Climate Change Knowledge and Planning Practices
... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
Global Meteorological Drought: A Synthesis of Current
... drought—the processes responsible for the long-term disruptions of local and regional precipitation-producing phenomena. These processes often act over large distances via various large-scale atmospheric motions such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, Rossby waves, and other atmospheric teleconn ...
... drought—the processes responsible for the long-term disruptions of local and regional precipitation-producing phenomena. These processes often act over large distances via various large-scale atmospheric motions such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, Rossby waves, and other atmospheric teleconn ...
Facing an uncertain future : how forests and people can adapt to
... international agreement is being discussed. While tropical forests are an important component of mitigation science and policy, their role in adaptation is rapidly gaining significance. Linking adaptation and tropical forests is a new frontier for science and policy: adaptation is a new frontier for ...
... international agreement is being discussed. While tropical forests are an important component of mitigation science and policy, their role in adaptation is rapidly gaining significance. Linking adaptation and tropical forests is a new frontier for science and policy: adaptation is a new frontier for ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Current State and Implications for EU
... enter into force is that at least 55 Parties to the Convention, representing at the same time at least 55 per cent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties, must have ratified the treaty. 4.“Bubbles”. Emission limitations can be jointly managed through a ‘bubble’ or group of countries, wh ...
... enter into force is that at least 55 Parties to the Convention, representing at the same time at least 55 per cent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties, must have ratified the treaty. 4.“Bubbles”. Emission limitations can be jointly managed through a ‘bubble’ or group of countries, wh ...
indonesia second national communication
... private sector and non-governmental organizations, in order to capture their opinion and points of view about what elements of the previous communication should be improved in this second assessment. A public consultation was also held for the same purpose. As requested, Indonesia’s Second National ...
... private sector and non-governmental organizations, in order to capture their opinion and points of view about what elements of the previous communication should be improved in this second assessment. A public consultation was also held for the same purpose. As requested, Indonesia’s Second National ...
a proposal for a convention on climate change refugees
... states. Desertification will make swaths of currently occupied land uninhabitable. More intense storms will drive people, at least temporarily, to relocate to safer ground. Studies predict that by 2050 the number of climate change refugees2 may dwarf the number of traditional refugees — that is, tho ...
... states. Desertification will make swaths of currently occupied land uninhabitable. More intense storms will drive people, at least temporarily, to relocate to safer ground. Studies predict that by 2050 the number of climate change refugees2 may dwarf the number of traditional refugees — that is, tho ...
Chapter 18 - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... few decades. For the Arctic as a whole, the 20th century can be divided into two warming periods, bracketing a 20-year cooling period (approximately 1945 to 1966) in the middle of the century.This pattern is less evident in northern Canada than in some other areas of the Arctic. The Canadian Archipe ...
... few decades. For the Arctic as a whole, the 20th century can be divided into two warming periods, bracketing a 20-year cooling period (approximately 1945 to 1966) in the middle of the century.This pattern is less evident in northern Canada than in some other areas of the Arctic. The Canadian Archipe ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... In practice, an economic analysis of climate change weighs the costs of slowing climate change against the damages of more rapid climate change. On the side of the costs of slowing climate change, countries must consider whether, and by how much, to reduce their GHG emissions. Reducing GHGs, particu ...
... In practice, an economic analysis of climate change weighs the costs of slowing climate change against the damages of more rapid climate change. On the side of the costs of slowing climate change, countries must consider whether, and by how much, to reduce their GHG emissions. Reducing GHGs, particu ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.