Manteca Draft Climate Action Plan
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
Climate Change as Metaphor & Catalyst
... lack of salience. Why, despite broad public consensus on the science, risks, and policy to address climate change, has it not been effectively addressed? The research presented herein sought answers to two primary questions: I. ...
... lack of salience. Why, despite broad public consensus on the science, risks, and policy to address climate change, has it not been effectively addressed? The research presented herein sought answers to two primary questions: I. ...
PDF
... binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries for the five-year period 2008 to 2012. If Canada ratifies the Protocol, it will be required to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to six percent below 1990 levels during this period. In response to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (KP) the Firs ...
... binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries for the five-year period 2008 to 2012. If Canada ratifies the Protocol, it will be required to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to six percent below 1990 levels during this period. In response to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (KP) the Firs ...
The Rockefeller Foundation Initiative Asian Cities Climate Change
... The Rockefeller RF ACCCRN teams in Bangkok and New York were very accommodating of the evaluation team and responsive to all our requests. The evaluation made good use of interviews, and thanks go to all our respondents in the ten ACCCRN cities, regional partner organizations, as well as experts on ...
... The Rockefeller RF ACCCRN teams in Bangkok and New York were very accommodating of the evaluation team and responsive to all our requests. The evaluation made good use of interviews, and thanks go to all our respondents in the ten ACCCRN cities, regional partner organizations, as well as experts on ...
User Friendly Manual of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)
... estimates of the impact of agriculture and forestry development projects, programmes and policies on the carbon-balance. The carbon-balance is defined as the net balance from all GHGs expressed in CO2 equivalent that were emitted or sequestered due to project implementation as compared to a business ...
... estimates of the impact of agriculture and forestry development projects, programmes and policies on the carbon-balance. The carbon-balance is defined as the net balance from all GHGs expressed in CO2 equivalent that were emitted or sequestered due to project implementation as compared to a business ...
Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty
... THC shutdown in experiment PG is initiated against a background of global warming, which is caused by rising greenhouse gas concentrations according to an IS92a scenario. Relative to this global warming the THC shutdown causes cooling of surface air temperature (‘SAT’) over the Northern Hemisphere ( ...
... THC shutdown in experiment PG is initiated against a background of global warming, which is caused by rising greenhouse gas concentrations according to an IS92a scenario. Relative to this global warming the THC shutdown causes cooling of surface air temperature (‘SAT’) over the Northern Hemisphere ( ...
Adapting for a green economy updated
... the poor and vulnerable; thus private sector engagement cannot substitute for critically needed public investment and policies. However, private sector investment can serve as a pivotal part of a comprehensive governmentled approach to addressing climate impacts. This report is a resource for compan ...
... the poor and vulnerable; thus private sector engagement cannot substitute for critically needed public investment and policies. However, private sector investment can serve as a pivotal part of a comprehensive governmentled approach to addressing climate impacts. This report is a resource for compan ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe - Clima-net
... for many decades and in the case of sea level for centuries. This is due to the historical build up of the gases in the atmosphere and time lags in the response of climatic and oceanic systems to changes in the atmospheric concentration of the gases. The Environment Council of the European Union has ...
... for many decades and in the case of sea level for centuries. This is due to the historical build up of the gases in the atmosphere and time lags in the response of climatic and oceanic systems to changes in the atmospheric concentration of the gases. The Environment Council of the European Union has ...
Chapter 3: Changing Arctic: Indigenous Perspectives
... Indigenous peoples in the Arctic have for millennia depended on and adapted to their environment.Their knowledge of their surroundings is a vital resource for their well-being.Their knowledge is also a rich source of information for others wishing to understand the arctic system. Many of the aspects ...
... Indigenous peoples in the Arctic have for millennia depended on and adapted to their environment.Their knowledge of their surroundings is a vital resource for their well-being.Their knowledge is also a rich source of information for others wishing to understand the arctic system. Many of the aspects ...
A Global Response to HFCs through Fair and
... In principle, there are many possible sources of funding for avoiding and reducing HFC use, in both the climate and ozone regimes. Funding under the ozone regime has the major advantage of predictability, with its regular formal replenishment rounds specifically addressing the funding needs of a par ...
... In principle, there are many possible sources of funding for avoiding and reducing HFC use, in both the climate and ozone regimes. Funding under the ozone regime has the major advantage of predictability, with its regular formal replenishment rounds specifically addressing the funding needs of a par ...
Adaptation to Climate Change - Global Environment Facility
... Assessment for the GEF) finds that the threats from climate change are even more immediate and more severe than those projected, while limiting global warming to 2°C by the end of this century appears increasingly unlikely. Turn Down the Heat, a report released by the World Bank in late 2012, warns ...
... Assessment for the GEF) finds that the threats from climate change are even more immediate and more severe than those projected, while limiting global warming to 2°C by the end of this century appears increasingly unlikely. Turn Down the Heat, a report released by the World Bank in late 2012, warns ...
US CLIVAR Science Plan
... system. Continued advancement is needed in all these areas. As appreciation evolves of the interconnectedness of the physical, biological, and chemical elements of the Earth system that impact on and are impacted by climate, US CLIVAR is compelled to engage with other Earth science communities to im ...
... system. Continued advancement is needed in all these areas. As appreciation evolves of the interconnectedness of the physical, biological, and chemical elements of the Earth system that impact on and are impacted by climate, US CLIVAR is compelled to engage with other Earth science communities to im ...
Projected river discharge in the Euphrates Tigris Basin
... to intensify in the future as a result of climate change impacts on the region. For instance, in a very recent study, Gleick (2014) assessed the ongoing conflict in Syria and its possible connections to water scarcity, and investigated future climaterelated risks to water systems. Gleick (2014) conc ...
... to intensify in the future as a result of climate change impacts on the region. For instance, in a very recent study, Gleick (2014) assessed the ongoing conflict in Syria and its possible connections to water scarcity, and investigated future climaterelated risks to water systems. Gleick (2014) conc ...
Getting to Zero - Forum for the Future
... company taking on responsibility for another company’s direct emissions. Unfortunately, there is no clear boundary-setting precedent to be found in the claims that have been made so far. Most companies that have embraced the concept have adopted relatively narrow boundaries (focused on Scope 1 and 2 ...
... company taking on responsibility for another company’s direct emissions. Unfortunately, there is no clear boundary-setting precedent to be found in the claims that have been made so far. Most companies that have embraced the concept have adopted relatively narrow boundaries (focused on Scope 1 and 2 ...
Establishing a Climate Change Department in
... resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island state in a hurricane belt with a steep hilly interior and a narrow coastline that supports major infrastructure and ...
... resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island state in a hurricane belt with a steep hilly interior and a narrow coastline that supports major infrastructure and ...
Hydrologic response of a Hawaiian watershed to future climate
... Anthropogenic activities (e.g. burning of fossil fuels and coals) are changing the global climate (Hansen et al., 2006) by increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases especially methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2). The atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase from its current con ...
... Anthropogenic activities (e.g. burning of fossil fuels and coals) are changing the global climate (Hansen et al., 2006) by increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases especially methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2). The atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase from its current con ...
Hegemony – Dartmouth 2012
... observations attesting to the importance of these effects are those showing that climate changes caused by transient volcanic aerosol loading persist for more than 5 y (7, 10), and a portion can be expected to last more than a century in the ocean (11–13); clearly these signals persist far longer th ...
... observations attesting to the importance of these effects are those showing that climate changes caused by transient volcanic aerosol loading persist for more than 5 y (7, 10), and a portion can be expected to last more than a century in the ocean (11–13); clearly these signals persist far longer th ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITIES AND
... was emphasised at all the UNFCCC-organized workshops and expert meeting that this should not be an obstacle to progress being made on implementing adaptation. Developing countries have very different individual circumstances and the specific impacts of climate change on a country depend on the clima ...
... was emphasised at all the UNFCCC-organized workshops and expert meeting that this should not be an obstacle to progress being made on implementing adaptation. Developing countries have very different individual circumstances and the specific impacts of climate change on a country depend on the clima ...
KPMG - UNFCCC PSI database report
... Climate change adaptation • Climate change adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts.1 Adaptation measures can target both climate variability (at an inter-annual scale) as well as longer-term mean climatic changes. • Adaptation is an e ...
... Climate change adaptation • Climate change adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts.1 Adaptation measures can target both climate variability (at an inter-annual scale) as well as longer-term mean climatic changes. • Adaptation is an e ...
Climate, Community and Biodiversity Project Design Standards SECOND EDITION
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report1 documents the dramatic effects of human-induced climate change on ecosystems, productivity and the global economy. These impacts, which are expected to worsen in the coming decades, will fall disproportionately on the world’s ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report1 documents the dramatic effects of human-induced climate change on ecosystems, productivity and the global economy. These impacts, which are expected to worsen in the coming decades, will fall disproportionately on the world’s ...
Climate Change and Biodiversity
... diversion of water to intensively managed ecosystems and urban systems; habitat fragmentation; selective exploitation of species; the introduction of non-native species; and stratospheric ozone depletion. The current rate of biodiversity loss is greater than the natural background rate of extinction ...
... diversion of water to intensively managed ecosystems and urban systems; habitat fragmentation; selective exploitation of species; the introduction of non-native species; and stratospheric ozone depletion. The current rate of biodiversity loss is greater than the natural background rate of extinction ...
28 REDD+: What should come next?
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for
... It does not appear to be possible to combine the different reasons for concern into a unified reason for concern that has meaning and is credible. However, we can review the relationship between impacts and temperature for each reason for concern and draw some preliminary conclusions about the poten ...
... It does not appear to be possible to combine the different reasons for concern into a unified reason for concern that has meaning and is credible. However, we can review the relationship between impacts and temperature for each reason for concern and draw some preliminary conclusions about the poten ...
Rethinking Development in a Carbon
... urban dwellers, nor economic and social infrastructure can be improved unless plans are adapted to take into account the changing climate. In many cases, stand-alone adaptation measures will be required. At the same time, development policies, p ...
... urban dwellers, nor economic and social infrastructure can be improved unless plans are adapted to take into account the changing climate. In many cases, stand-alone adaptation measures will be required. At the same time, development policies, p ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT: a
... Appendices). These were compiled on the basis of the team expert’s knowledge of the field. These searches were largely conducted manually, going through key journal publications since 2001 and retrieving those papers within our inclusion criteria. In one instance, with the journal ‘Nature’, this inv ...
... Appendices). These were compiled on the basis of the team expert’s knowledge of the field. These searches were largely conducted manually, going through key journal publications since 2001 and retrieving those papers within our inclusion criteria. In one instance, with the journal ‘Nature’, this inv ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.