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... and a 400 ppm reality will become the ‘new normal’ in 2015 (NOAA, 2015). Weiss and Prinn show that global concentrations for all GHGs combined – so, not only carbon dioxide – were already at 450 parts per million (ppm) in 2014 (AGAGE, 2014; Weiss & Prinn, 2011). The corollary of this rising concentr ...
... and a 400 ppm reality will become the ‘new normal’ in 2015 (NOAA, 2015). Weiss and Prinn show that global concentrations for all GHGs combined – so, not only carbon dioxide – were already at 450 parts per million (ppm) in 2014 (AGAGE, 2014; Weiss & Prinn, 2011). The corollary of this rising concentr ...
Brandishing the First Amendment: Commercial Expression in America
... revenue and price signals. Since greenhouse gas emissions are the leading anthropogenic cause of climate change, reducing emissions is at the heart of any solution to climate change.22 A carbon tax would reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, by making carbon-rich energy sources more ...
... revenue and price signals. Since greenhouse gas emissions are the leading anthropogenic cause of climate change, reducing emissions is at the heart of any solution to climate change.22 A carbon tax would reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, by making carbon-rich energy sources more ...
Document
... Overall conclusions • First summary of the work undertaken so to date • Not a full assessment of the uncertainty range, but an evaluation of the influence of different policy-related and scientific choices • The influence of scientific choices is notable. Therefore research is ongoing (see paper #2) ...
... Overall conclusions • First summary of the work undertaken so to date • Not a full assessment of the uncertainty range, but an evaluation of the influence of different policy-related and scientific choices • The influence of scientific choices is notable. Therefore research is ongoing (see paper #2) ...
(Michael Oppenheimer) (January 2014)
... Interim Advisory Committee, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Contributing author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ...
... Interim Advisory Committee, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Contributing author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ...
Climate Action Calendar for July
... In the radio feature 'A Drifting Coconut: The story of the Carteret Islanders', world specialist on oceans, Dr. John Hunter, proposes a possible new theory on why the islands are disappearing. Dr. Hunter claims that the islands may be rapidly eroding away due changes in the El Nino cycle, possibly c ...
... In the radio feature 'A Drifting Coconut: The story of the Carteret Islanders', world specialist on oceans, Dr. John Hunter, proposes a possible new theory on why the islands are disappearing. Dr. Hunter claims that the islands may be rapidly eroding away due changes in the El Nino cycle, possibly c ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when a (broad) normal PDF is used. We restrict ourselves to the forcing agents identi®ed by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) and to the perio ...
... of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when a (broad) normal PDF is used. We restrict ourselves to the forcing agents identi®ed by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) and to the perio ...
the new climate message
... Cut the dates and figures Dates, percentages and figures come in action plans, not visions. A 20% cut by 2020 isn’t a vision, it’s a target. Put all the targets together and imagine what the world would be like if we met and exceeded them: that’s a vision. The second step in our narrative is ‘choice ...
... Cut the dates and figures Dates, percentages and figures come in action plans, not visions. A 20% cut by 2020 isn’t a vision, it’s a target. Put all the targets together and imagine what the world would be like if we met and exceeded them: that’s a vision. The second step in our narrative is ‘choice ...
Internalizing Climate Change—Scientific Resource Management and the Climate Change Challenges
... climate changes, mostly in the form of long-term trends, are projected to be larger and more sustained than those long-term fluctuations in the historical period, and comparable to—or larger than—natural climate excursions in the past several millennia (IPCC 2007; Malamud-Roam et al. 2007). These pr ...
... climate changes, mostly in the form of long-term trends, are projected to be larger and more sustained than those long-term fluctuations in the historical period, and comparable to—or larger than—natural climate excursions in the past several millennia (IPCC 2007; Malamud-Roam et al. 2007). These pr ...
PDF
... Farrow, 1998). This is fine if in a national context (if compensation indeed works). It is fine in the case of many sovereign actors, with compensation and if the baseline/no policy case is agreeable. In climate change, neither of these conditions are met. Essentially, the Pareto superiority criteri ...
... Farrow, 1998). This is fine if in a national context (if compensation indeed works). It is fine in the case of many sovereign actors, with compensation and if the baseline/no policy case is agreeable. In climate change, neither of these conditions are met. Essentially, the Pareto superiority criteri ...
How uncertainties in future climate change predictions translate into
... The climate forcing available by the OAGCM of CMIP is monthly or 20 years averaged data. The only monthly surface data available from the CMIP project are surface temperature, PPT and sea level pressure. The other data are not defined at this time step as these were not requested by the CMIP protoco ...
... The climate forcing available by the OAGCM of CMIP is monthly or 20 years averaged data. The only monthly surface data available from the CMIP project are surface temperature, PPT and sea level pressure. The other data are not defined at this time step as these were not requested by the CMIP protoco ...
On predicting climate under climate change
... slower because there are a factor of 30 fewer constituent data points. For accurate results instantaneous interrogation of a large IC ensemble is required, but if only small ensembles are available using a 30 year time-slice can sometimes improve the quantification of the distribution (e.g. compare ...
... slower because there are a factor of 30 fewer constituent data points. For accurate results instantaneous interrogation of a large IC ensemble is required, but if only small ensembles are available using a 30 year time-slice can sometimes improve the quantification of the distribution (e.g. compare ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... Until this entire situation can be properly rectified, the SCC should be barred from use in this and all other federal rulemaking. It is better not to include any value for the SCC in cost/benefit analyses such as these, than to include a value which is knowingly improper, inaccurate and misleading ...
... Until this entire situation can be properly rectified, the SCC should be barred from use in this and all other federal rulemaking. It is better not to include any value for the SCC in cost/benefit analyses such as these, than to include a value which is knowingly improper, inaccurate and misleading ...
Control + 1 – Block Headings
... US-Russia relations solve nuclear war and every major impact Allison & Blackwill, ’11 [Graham, director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, former assistant secretary of defense in the Clinton administration, Robert D., Henry A. Kissinger senior fe ...
... US-Russia relations solve nuclear war and every major impact Allison & Blackwill, ’11 [Graham, director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, former assistant secretary of defense in the Clinton administration, Robert D., Henry A. Kissinger senior fe ...
On the Impact of Weather and Climate on
... 2005 and 2007 cropping seasons on the same households. The rainfall and temperature data obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorology Authority includes monthly observations from the years 1976 to 2006, collected in stations close to the study villages (kebeles). The farming system is a mixed crop-livest ...
... 2005 and 2007 cropping seasons on the same households. The rainfall and temperature data obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorology Authority includes monthly observations from the years 1976 to 2006, collected in stations close to the study villages (kebeles). The farming system is a mixed crop-livest ...
Words
... of greenhouse gas, but when we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, we add more. The more greenhouse gas we produce, the thicker the blanket around the earth’s atmosphere becomes. This blanket traps heat around the planet and makes it hotter. The 1980’s and 1990’s were the warmest decad ...
... of greenhouse gas, but when we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, we add more. The more greenhouse gas we produce, the thicker the blanket around the earth’s atmosphere becomes. This blanket traps heat around the planet and makes it hotter. The 1980’s and 1990’s were the warmest decad ...
Limitations of integrated assessment models of climate change
... the social welfare at any point in time could be increased by redistribution of income from the wealthy to the poor, provided the effects of this redistribution on incentives to produce and save are ignored. An alternate approach—weighting individuals’ contribution to social welfare function by thei ...
... the social welfare at any point in time could be increased by redistribution of income from the wealthy to the poor, provided the effects of this redistribution on incentives to produce and save are ignored. An alternate approach—weighting individuals’ contribution to social welfare function by thei ...
Russia`s Role in the Post-2012 Climate Change Policy: Key
... post-Copenhagen outlook, Russia’s commitment would be essential for any future international agreement with binding emission targets. Introduction Ask your colleague, neighbor, relative or friend today what country’s position would determine the future of the international climate policy and chances ...
... post-Copenhagen outlook, Russia’s commitment would be essential for any future international agreement with binding emission targets. Introduction Ask your colleague, neighbor, relative or friend today what country’s position would determine the future of the international climate policy and chances ...
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy
... signed the Kyoto Protocol and the treaty only affects 21% of the parties. The imbalance between the binding obligations Annex I countries were given while non-Annex I parties had no obligations, became one of the main motivators behind the Byrd-Hagel Resolution, officially titled, “Expressing the se ...
... signed the Kyoto Protocol and the treaty only affects 21% of the parties. The imbalance between the binding obligations Annex I countries were given while non-Annex I parties had no obligations, became one of the main motivators behind the Byrd-Hagel Resolution, officially titled, “Expressing the se ...
The Kyoto Protocol and the Future of Carbon Emissions Reduction
... that its emissions were having an effect on climate change. China has often had a shaky relationship with Annex I countries in negotiations for emissions agreements. Before the Copenhagen summit in 2009 to create a possible successor to the Kyoto Protocol, a Chinese ambassador accused developed nati ...
... that its emissions were having an effect on climate change. China has often had a shaky relationship with Annex I countries in negotiations for emissions agreements. Before the Copenhagen summit in 2009 to create a possible successor to the Kyoto Protocol, a Chinese ambassador accused developed nati ...
A Cost-benefit Analysis of the Australian Carbon Tax
... are met, rational individuals will regain efficiency in the presence of an externality through bargaining and without intervention or assistance by the public sector. (Coase, 1960, p. 2) In the years since its publication, “The Problem of Social Costs” and Coase’s theorem have been the subject of mu ...
... are met, rational individuals will regain efficiency in the presence of an externality through bargaining and without intervention or assistance by the public sector. (Coase, 1960, p. 2) In the years since its publication, “The Problem of Social Costs” and Coase’s theorem have been the subject of mu ...
Adress: Climate Change Program, CATIE, Turrialba - EfD
... Agronomy engineer, Agriculture University of Florence, 1995\1996. Specialization in Tropical Ecology; Thesis title: “Impact of extractive activities over biomass and vegetation biodiversity in a Monsoon forest of Tamil Nadu (India)”. Master of Science in Environmental Socioeconomics, School of P ...
... Agronomy engineer, Agriculture University of Florence, 1995\1996. Specialization in Tropical Ecology; Thesis title: “Impact of extractive activities over biomass and vegetation biodiversity in a Monsoon forest of Tamil Nadu (India)”. Master of Science in Environmental Socioeconomics, School of P ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... upper and lower certainty bounds) requires that the periodic updates to the IWG SCC determination must include an examination of the scientific literature on the topic of the equilibrium climate sensitivity. There is no indication that the IWG undertook such an examination. But what is clear, is tha ...
... upper and lower certainty bounds) requires that the periodic updates to the IWG SCC determination must include an examination of the scientific literature on the topic of the equilibrium climate sensitivity. There is no indication that the IWG undertook such an examination. But what is clear, is tha ...
individual perceptions of climate risks
... work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the resulting high degree of uncertainty. The first impact studies were also carried out to measure how risks will evolve in a warmer future climate. More than ten years have now passed, and climate change has becom ...
... work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the resulting high degree of uncertainty. The first impact studies were also carried out to measure how risks will evolve in a warmer future climate. More than ten years have now passed, and climate change has becom ...
CRS Report for Congress Climate Change: Federal Expenditures for Science and Technology
... and variability. Energy use has been one major focus of efforts related to possible climate change because carbon dioxide, the major “greenhouse gas,” is added to the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. All those efforts, which sought to reduce oil imports, manage electricity needs, and address ...
... and variability. Energy use has been one major focus of efforts related to possible climate change because carbon dioxide, the major “greenhouse gas,” is added to the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. All those efforts, which sought to reduce oil imports, manage electricity needs, and address ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.