The Effects of Climate Change on Public Health and the Healthcare
... natural causes of climate change include shifts in the Earth’s orbit, the sun’s intensity, the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, and volcanic activity. (EPA, 2011) Greenhouse gases are necessary for life to exist on Earth because they trap heat in the atmosphere, which warms our planet and i ...
... natural causes of climate change include shifts in the Earth’s orbit, the sun’s intensity, the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, and volcanic activity. (EPA, 2011) Greenhouse gases are necessary for life to exist on Earth because they trap heat in the atmosphere, which warms our planet and i ...
Citizens Guide (30 pp.)
... Treatment of Uncertainty Throughout the summary, the IPCC uses a consistent set of terms to describe how certain we can be about a particular finding, how high the level of agreement on a particular point, or how likely a future scenario. Here is the IPCC text explaining those terms: The IPCC uncert ...
... Treatment of Uncertainty Throughout the summary, the IPCC uses a consistent set of terms to describe how certain we can be about a particular finding, how high the level of agreement on a particular point, or how likely a future scenario. Here is the IPCC text explaining those terms: The IPCC uncert ...
Biomimicry - Strategic Energy Innovations.
... Engineers redesigned the front of the train to mimic the bird’s beak, eliminating the sonic boom. Perhaps the most famous example of using nature as a source of inspiration is Velcro, which came from one man’s observation of burrs sticking to his dog’s fur. Other designers have looked at whirlpools ...
... Engineers redesigned the front of the train to mimic the bird’s beak, eliminating the sonic boom. Perhaps the most famous example of using nature as a source of inspiration is Velcro, which came from one man’s observation of burrs sticking to his dog’s fur. Other designers have looked at whirlpools ...
Policy tools for implementing assisted migration for species and
... species, as would be the case for other European countries. On the other hand, new policy frameworks for ecosystemcentered AM should include awareness on the current and future potential ecological interactions (positive and negative) considering the connectivity of the landscapes. Here, the focus i ...
... species, as would be the case for other European countries. On the other hand, new policy frameworks for ecosystemcentered AM should include awareness on the current and future potential ecological interactions (positive and negative) considering the connectivity of the landscapes. Here, the focus i ...
Climate Change on the Millennial Timescale
... some cases their rate of change (i.e. the gradient) is increasing. Thus not looking beyond the year 2100 may be a greater folly than trying to do so, despite all the uncertainties it entails. Furthermore, there are management and infrastructure decisions being made in this decade and the next that h ...
... some cases their rate of change (i.e. the gradient) is increasing. Thus not looking beyond the year 2100 may be a greater folly than trying to do so, despite all the uncertainties it entails. Furthermore, there are management and infrastructure decisions being made in this decade and the next that h ...
3104 EN
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC1), that humankind is contributing to significant changes in the Earth climate system and these changes are adversely affecting natural ecosystems, humans, communities and economic activities. It is also clear that if nations do not act quickly to reduc ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC1), that humankind is contributing to significant changes in the Earth climate system and these changes are adversely affecting natural ecosystems, humans, communities and economic activities. It is also clear that if nations do not act quickly to reduc ...
Climate change: the ultimate `tragedy of the commons`? Jouni
... The dominant view among scholars and policy makers has been that climate change governance should be based on international agreements which involve most nations. Yet progress in international negotiations has been slow and the effectiveness of governance based on the United Nations Framework Conven ...
... The dominant view among scholars and policy makers has been that climate change governance should be based on international agreements which involve most nations. Yet progress in international negotiations has been slow and the effectiveness of governance based on the United Nations Framework Conven ...
7 - WWF
... species, such as the sponge orders Astrophorida and Hadromerida (Leon & Bjorndal, 2002; Meylan, 1988). Although coral reefs are known to respond to excessively high water temperatures by bleaching (HoeghGuldberg, 1999) and that macro-algae may increase in abundance in response to disturbed coral ree ...
... species, such as the sponge orders Astrophorida and Hadromerida (Leon & Bjorndal, 2002; Meylan, 1988). Although coral reefs are known to respond to excessively high water temperatures by bleaching (HoeghGuldberg, 1999) and that macro-algae may increase in abundance in response to disturbed coral ree ...
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
... The Report argues that local action is indispensable for the realization of national climate change commitments agreed through international negotiations. Yet most of the mechanisms within the international climate change framework are addressed primarily to national governments and do not indicate ...
... The Report argues that local action is indispensable for the realization of national climate change commitments agreed through international negotiations. Yet most of the mechanisms within the international climate change framework are addressed primarily to national governments and do not indicate ...
Research Project Final Report
... We asked them to consider information on what has already been observed (esp. those changes over the last 10 years since the last QSR) and what has been predicted to occur (e.g. next 10-50 years). We asked the extent to which observational data and information on possible climate change effects can ...
... We asked them to consider information on what has already been observed (esp. those changes over the last 10 years since the last QSR) and what has been predicted to occur (e.g. next 10-50 years). We asked the extent to which observational data and information on possible climate change effects can ...
Aasprang.Brita.Envir..
... fungus and insects and more frequent occurrence of extreme weather (Kvalvik et al., 2011:27). Direct effects of climate change and annual variations can be difficult to distinguish (Kvalvik et al., 2011:32). Some research indicates that there have already been climatic changes in Norway (O'Brien et ...
... fungus and insects and more frequent occurrence of extreme weather (Kvalvik et al., 2011:27). Direct effects of climate change and annual variations can be difficult to distinguish (Kvalvik et al., 2011:32). Some research indicates that there have already been climatic changes in Norway (O'Brien et ...
Market and Non-market Mechanisms for Promoting Cost
... Extract from submissions by Switzerland It should be underlined that standards that will apply to the market mechanisms are different from those for non-market approaches. Indeed, while the market mechanism is already quite well define both conceptually and substantially…the non-market approaches ar ...
... Extract from submissions by Switzerland It should be underlined that standards that will apply to the market mechanisms are different from those for non-market approaches. Indeed, while the market mechanism is already quite well define both conceptually and substantially…the non-market approaches ar ...
Down-scaling CC_07072014 - cgiar-cac
... Then the floor was given to Dr. Srinivasan to present works about CC and its environmental applications, impact on agriculture and water resources. Demonstration of applications were from USA, India, Iran and other parts of world. Further Dr. Feras Ziadat mentioned that there a concept of mitigatio ...
... Then the floor was given to Dr. Srinivasan to present works about CC and its environmental applications, impact on agriculture and water resources. Demonstration of applications were from USA, India, Iran and other parts of world. Further Dr. Feras Ziadat mentioned that there a concept of mitigatio ...
Climate Change Science for Mesoamerican Decision Makers
... countries as they attempt to understand and deal with the effects of climate change. Information provided by state-of-the-art climate models adds considerable value to the planning and policy development process. However, results from climate models are not always easy to understand for decision mak ...
... countries as they attempt to understand and deal with the effects of climate change. Information provided by state-of-the-art climate models adds considerable value to the planning and policy development process. However, results from climate models are not always easy to understand for decision mak ...
The year 2007 to be the hottest ever
... which will certainly bring adverse weather conditions to many parts of the world. The world’s leading climate scientists unanimously agree that human activity is accelerating global warming. It is a fact that the world's ten warmest years have all occurred in the last twelve years. A United Nations ...
... which will certainly bring adverse weather conditions to many parts of the world. The world’s leading climate scientists unanimously agree that human activity is accelerating global warming. It is a fact that the world's ten warmest years have all occurred in the last twelve years. A United Nations ...
Infrastructure in Washington (PDF)
... The ability of dams to mitigate increasing flood risk may be limited. Initial research for the Skagit basin suggests that reducing community vulnerability to increasing flood risk ...
... The ability of dams to mitigate increasing flood risk may be limited. Initial research for the Skagit basin suggests that reducing community vulnerability to increasing flood risk ...
PDF
... benefits of reduced climate change. 3. Mitigation and the Australian resource industries A considerable part of Australia’s vulnerability to climate change is concentrated in the resource and agricultural industries. The vulnerability of agriculture derives mainly from supply side effects. Much of Aus ...
... benefits of reduced climate change. 3. Mitigation and the Australian resource industries A considerable part of Australia’s vulnerability to climate change is concentrated in the resource and agricultural industries. The vulnerability of agriculture derives mainly from supply side effects. Much of Aus ...
gwnord_chap1_072810 - Yale Economics
... growth has led to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This is the box at the upper left of Figure 1. We will see in this chapter that human activities are definitely leading to changes in atmospheric chemistry. This is the arrow from the upper left box to the upper right box, which is the climate ...
... growth has led to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This is the box at the upper left of Figure 1. We will see in this chapter that human activities are definitely leading to changes in atmospheric chemistry. This is the arrow from the upper left box to the upper right box, which is the climate ...
Factors Affecting Climate Change Mitigation Policy
... reach successful implementation (Carmen Lemos et. al 2008). This insight on perception will be greatly useful in my theoretical framework. International and Political Elite Support Several studies point to the type and level of support a policy receives as important factors in its outcome. Since the ...
... reach successful implementation (Carmen Lemos et. al 2008). This insight on perception will be greatly useful in my theoretical framework. International and Political Elite Support Several studies point to the type and level of support a policy receives as important factors in its outcome. Since the ...
01 Trevor Ballance.indd
... agriculture are likely to increase as agriculture is currently expanding as well as moving more towards the production of meat – which is emission-intensive. In any case, reductions can only be achieved in ways that will not reduce our food supply, which therefore limits the potential for cuts. In t ...
... agriculture are likely to increase as agriculture is currently expanding as well as moving more towards the production of meat – which is emission-intensive. In any case, reductions can only be achieved in ways that will not reduce our food supply, which therefore limits the potential for cuts. In t ...
PDF
... concerned about the cost impact on agriculture and have remained engaged in the policy debate to assure that any final legislation does not diminish American agriculture (American Farm Bureau Federation, 2010). Understanding both the opportunities and the challenges that farmers would face under GHG ...
... concerned about the cost impact on agriculture and have remained engaged in the policy debate to assure that any final legislation does not diminish American agriculture (American Farm Bureau Federation, 2010). Understanding both the opportunities and the challenges that farmers would face under GHG ...
Impact of Climate Changes on Economic and Agricultural Value
... We have used pooled OLS regression, random and fixed effects regressions to test the relationship of climate change on GDP and Agriculture value added as share of GDP. First, we applied Pooled OLS regression for checking the impact of climate changes on GDP and Agriculture value added as share of GD ...
... We have used pooled OLS regression, random and fixed effects regressions to test the relationship of climate change on GDP and Agriculture value added as share of GDP. First, we applied Pooled OLS regression for checking the impact of climate changes on GDP and Agriculture value added as share of GD ...
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of
... The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol at its fifteenth session The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Recalling Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyot ...
... The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol at its fifteenth session The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, Recalling Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyot ...
Climate Solutions in California Agriculture
... more carbon sequestration than soils managed conventionally using synthetic fertilizers.48,49,50,51,52 In an eight-year study in California, soil organic carbon increased 19 percent in organic and low-input systems, compared to an increase of only 10 percent in conventional agriculture.53 A twelve-y ...
... more carbon sequestration than soils managed conventionally using synthetic fertilizers.48,49,50,51,52 In an eight-year study in California, soil organic carbon increased 19 percent in organic and low-input systems, compared to an increase of only 10 percent in conventional agriculture.53 A twelve-y ...
Climate and greenhouse gases
... (2005 values). The contributions fall into three main groups: ✽✽ CO2 contributes about 1.7 W/m2 ✽✽ the other GHGs, including methane, nitrous oxide, synthetic gases, and ozone, together contribute about 1.3 W/m2 ✽✽ aerosols, together with some other physical processes such as changes in the Sun’s en ...
... (2005 values). The contributions fall into three main groups: ✽✽ CO2 contributes about 1.7 W/m2 ✽✽ the other GHGs, including methane, nitrous oxide, synthetic gases, and ozone, together contribute about 1.3 W/m2 ✽✽ aerosols, together with some other physical processes such as changes in the Sun’s en ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.