Vol.10, No.2, 2010
... ocean heat storage and transport. These various models predicted a warming of between 1.9°C and 4.8°C. By the Fourth IPCC report in 2007 (AR4) results from 19 fully coupled comprehensive ocean– atmosphere GCMs were available, and they predict equilibrium warming for double CO2 conditions between 2.1 ...
... ocean heat storage and transport. These various models predicted a warming of between 1.9°C and 4.8°C. By the Fourth IPCC report in 2007 (AR4) results from 19 fully coupled comprehensive ocean– atmosphere GCMs were available, and they predict equilibrium warming for double CO2 conditions between 2.1 ...
Cosmic Rays, Carbon Dioxide, and Climate
... Irrespective of the data quality, the simple regression method of Shaviv and Veizer [2003] is unsuitable for estimating the climate sensitivity to a CO doubling.The main reasons are that (i) other forcing and feedback factors may co-vary in a statistically dependent way with CO and cannot be separat ...
... Irrespective of the data quality, the simple regression method of Shaviv and Veizer [2003] is unsuitable for estimating the climate sensitivity to a CO doubling.The main reasons are that (i) other forcing and feedback factors may co-vary in a statistically dependent way with CO and cannot be separat ...
Folie 1 - uni
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
A history of climate activities
... early observations at Mauna Loa, that human activities could, in fact, already be starting to impact on the Earth’s climate at global scales (SMIC, 1971). Then, in the 1970s, not for the first time and certainly not for the last, a counter view emerged, quickly sensationalized by the media (Calder, ...
... early observations at Mauna Loa, that human activities could, in fact, already be starting to impact on the Earth’s climate at global scales (SMIC, 1971). Then, in the 1970s, not for the first time and certainly not for the last, a counter view emerged, quickly sensationalized by the media (Calder, ...
Climate response to dust
... Prospero and Lamb, 2003; Mahowalld and Luo, 2003; Tegen et al., 2004; Mahowald et al., 2004) ...
... Prospero and Lamb, 2003; Mahowalld and Luo, 2003; Tegen et al., 2004; Mahowald et al., 2004) ...
here. - APSIM
... Lieffering M, Newton PCD, Li FY, Vibart A (2012) Hill country sheep and beef: impacts and adaptations to climate change. In: Enhanced climate change impact and adaptation evaluation: A comprehensive analysis of New Zealand’s land-based primary sectors (eds Clark A, Nottage R), pp. 189–236. Ministry ...
... Lieffering M, Newton PCD, Li FY, Vibart A (2012) Hill country sheep and beef: impacts and adaptations to climate change. In: Enhanced climate change impact and adaptation evaluation: A comprehensive analysis of New Zealand’s land-based primary sectors (eds Clark A, Nottage R), pp. 189–236. Ministry ...
Events | Climate Action
... political dialogue with partners The magnitude, complexity and level of threats posed by climate change are understood by a wide range of countries as requiring a joint global response. Climate challenges will impact on the life of all humanity, but the biggest problems will be faced by those alread ...
... political dialogue with partners The magnitude, complexity and level of threats posed by climate change are understood by a wide range of countries as requiring a joint global response. Climate challenges will impact on the life of all humanity, but the biggest problems will be faced by those alread ...
Data Sources and Methods for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... encompassing different levels of activity and technological detail. The same general structure is used for all tiers, while the level of detail at which the calculations are carried out can vary. Annex 3 of the National Inventory Report (NIR) describe the methods used to estimate Canada's GHG emissi ...
... encompassing different levels of activity and technological detail. The same general structure is used for all tiers, while the level of detail at which the calculations are carried out can vary. Annex 3 of the National Inventory Report (NIR) describe the methods used to estimate Canada's GHG emissi ...
Bangladesh Climate Change Fund - European Capacity Building
... Handling the BCCRF day-to-day operations, including coordination with the Technical Committee and BoT, maintaining records of the BoT’s business, including meeting minutes, decisions, and amendment of the Operational ...
... Handling the BCCRF day-to-day operations, including coordination with the Technical Committee and BoT, maintaining records of the BoT’s business, including meeting minutes, decisions, and amendment of the Operational ...
Chapter 20 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... than just an expression of average atmospheric conditions. In order to accurately portray the character of a place or an area, variations and extremes must also be included. Anyone who has the opportunity to travel around the world will find such an incredible variety of climates that it is hard to ...
... than just an expression of average atmospheric conditions. In order to accurately portray the character of a place or an area, variations and extremes must also be included. Anyone who has the opportunity to travel around the world will find such an incredible variety of climates that it is hard to ...
one National Security and Climate Change in Perspective
... greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. “It is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong,” he declared, warning, “Global warming . . . is already happening now.”7 Hansen’s testimony is regarded as a major catalyst for getting Washington to think about climate change. Howev ...
... greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. “It is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong,” he declared, warning, “Global warming . . . is already happening now.”7 Hansen’s testimony is regarded as a major catalyst for getting Washington to think about climate change. Howev ...
pdf version - Geophysical Institute
... climate variability studies. The differences between the NCEP/NCAR (Figure 4a) and downscaled precipitation are quite large (Figure 4b), particularly for the mountainous areas of south central Alaska in which topography plays an important role in precipitation development. By comparing the downscale ...
... climate variability studies. The differences between the NCEP/NCAR (Figure 4a) and downscaled precipitation are quite large (Figure 4b), particularly for the mountainous areas of south central Alaska in which topography plays an important role in precipitation development. By comparing the downscale ...
Report
... the onset of industrialization. Global warming is driven by the enhanced greenhouse effect, which results from the buildup of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in the trapping of outgoing solar radiation and increased warm ...
... the onset of industrialization. Global warming is driven by the enhanced greenhouse effect, which results from the buildup of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in the trapping of outgoing solar radiation and increased warm ...
The pathological history of weather and climate
... Espy viewed the atmosphere as a giant heat engine. According to his thermal theory of storms, all atmospheric disturbances, from thunderstorms to winter storms, are driven by heated updrafts, inwardly rushing air currents, and the release of latent heat. His theory, published as The philosophy of st ...
... Espy viewed the atmosphere as a giant heat engine. According to his thermal theory of storms, all atmospheric disturbances, from thunderstorms to winter storms, are driven by heated updrafts, inwardly rushing air currents, and the release of latent heat. His theory, published as The philosophy of st ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation in the United States of America
... is still much that can be done to cut them more quickly. The nation‘s transport and energy production sectors are the key sources of emissions. Together they produce well over one half of the nation’s greenhouse gases. As a result, the main focus of this paper is on these two sectors. ...
... is still much that can be done to cut them more quickly. The nation‘s transport and energy production sectors are the key sources of emissions. Together they produce well over one half of the nation’s greenhouse gases. As a result, the main focus of this paper is on these two sectors. ...
C.4: Climate Change - North American Duck Symposium
... Hedmark University College, Elverum, 2418, Norway ...
... Hedmark University College, Elverum, 2418, Norway ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Forest Resources and Climate Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy. 5 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. 6 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst- ...
... Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Forest Resources and Climate Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy. 5 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. 6 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst- ...
a climate change litigation precedent urgenda foundation v the state
... current Dutch climate policies inadequate and unlawful, labelled them as hazardous negligence and ordered the Dutch government to limit the joint volume of Dutch annual GHG emissions by at least 25 percent at the end of 2020 compared to the 1990 level. Based on the state’s current policy, the Nether ...
... current Dutch climate policies inadequate and unlawful, labelled them as hazardous negligence and ordered the Dutch government to limit the joint volume of Dutch annual GHG emissions by at least 25 percent at the end of 2020 compared to the 1990 level. Based on the state’s current policy, the Nether ...
Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate
... UV radiation. Although generally less harmful than UV-B radiation, UV-A radiation has important effects on tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and aquatic and soil processes, as well as being mutagenic and causing immune suppression in humans6. Implementation of the Montreal Protocol has drasticall ...
... UV radiation. Although generally less harmful than UV-B radiation, UV-A radiation has important effects on tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and aquatic and soil processes, as well as being mutagenic and causing immune suppression in humans6. Implementation of the Montreal Protocol has drasticall ...
Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep
... of the global ocean conveyor-belt model7. The thermohaline conveyor is unstable, and is sensitive to the fresh water/salt balance of the region8. Marine isotope stage 3 (,60±30 kyr before present, BP) was characterized by extreme millennial-scale climate instability, resulting in the Dansgaard±Oesch ...
... of the global ocean conveyor-belt model7. The thermohaline conveyor is unstable, and is sensitive to the fresh water/salt balance of the region8. Marine isotope stage 3 (,60±30 kyr before present, BP) was characterized by extreme millennial-scale climate instability, resulting in the Dansgaard±Oesch ...
Workshop report, 22-23 April 2010
... of forests, the indigenous, woodlands and plantations. Hence different approaches are used to manage these different types of forests. The issue of how to minimize GHGs both in the long term and short term was addressed though looking at two possible options for mitigation – where it was highlighted ...
... of forests, the indigenous, woodlands and plantations. Hence different approaches are used to manage these different types of forests. The issue of how to minimize GHGs both in the long term and short term was addressed though looking at two possible options for mitigation – where it was highlighted ...
Impact of Climate Change on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Health
... some years at government level with recently the signing of Kyoto protocol. The global awareness about climate change is now a fact some. This awareness has led the international community to seek a scientific consensus around for this sensitive question which can play on humanity’s fate. The creati ...
... some years at government level with recently the signing of Kyoto protocol. The global awareness about climate change is now a fact some. This awareness has led the international community to seek a scientific consensus around for this sensitive question which can play on humanity’s fate. The creati ...
Constructing Carbon Market Spacetime: Climate change and the
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
Climate changes and animal health and food safety
... • Use of historical data in the context of climate change – to improve our knowledge about how climate may influence animal health and food safety, historical data should be analyzed with the aim to obtain quantitative estimates how different climate parameters has influenced the occurrence of anim ...
... • Use of historical data in the context of climate change – to improve our knowledge about how climate may influence animal health and food safety, historical data should be analyzed with the aim to obtain quantitative estimates how different climate parameters has influenced the occurrence of anim ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.