the nansen conference
... Without concerted and decisive action to cut greenhouse gas emissions, temperatures could rise by more than 3 °C by the end of this century. Such increases in global temperature would change living conditions fundamentally throughout the globe and affect us all, but would have by far the greatest ...
... Without concerted and decisive action to cut greenhouse gas emissions, temperatures could rise by more than 3 °C by the end of this century. Such increases in global temperature would change living conditions fundamentally throughout the globe and affect us all, but would have by far the greatest ...
The Economic Effects of Climate Change
... least-hurt by climate change—and in most cases would even benefit from a warmer climate—and the final column identifies those regions. A first area of agreement between these studies is that the welfare effect of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas emissions on the current ...
... least-hurt by climate change—and in most cases would even benefit from a warmer climate—and the final column identifies those regions. A first area of agreement between these studies is that the welfare effect of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas emissions on the current ...
Mediterranean ecosystems facing global change : resilient or close
... functional responses that affect the plant water budget and hence the leaf moisture content on one hand, and the biomass of leaves and twigs, two major components driving biomass combustibility, on the other hand. Adjusting leaf area to limit water loss and fine fuel would then decrease fire risk in ...
... functional responses that affect the plant water budget and hence the leaf moisture content on one hand, and the biomass of leaves and twigs, two major components driving biomass combustibility, on the other hand. Adjusting leaf area to limit water loss and fine fuel would then decrease fire risk in ...
PDF
... and managers should be precautionary and, at the very least, prepare a decision-making framework, strategies and tactics that, collectively, will assist fishers, their communities and stakeholders to adapt to the bio-physical, social and economic consequences of climate change. This paper provides a ...
... and managers should be precautionary and, at the very least, prepare a decision-making framework, strategies and tactics that, collectively, will assist fishers, their communities and stakeholders to adapt to the bio-physical, social and economic consequences of climate change. This paper provides a ...
Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events
... actions on climate change, then at least in the case of extreme events it has missed an opportunity to clarify the scope of such actions and their possible consequences, and arguably misdirects attention away from those actions most likely to be effective with respect to future catastrophe losses. I ...
... actions on climate change, then at least in the case of extreme events it has missed an opportunity to clarify the scope of such actions and their possible consequences, and arguably misdirects attention away from those actions most likely to be effective with respect to future catastrophe losses. I ...
slides - Medical and Public Health Law Site
... submission, EPA requested public comment on "all the issues raised in [the] petition," adding a "particular" request for comments on "any scientific, technical, legal, economic or other aspect of these issues that may be relevant to EPA's consideration of this petition." 66 Fed. Reg. ...
... submission, EPA requested public comment on "all the issues raised in [the] petition," adding a "particular" request for comments on "any scientific, technical, legal, economic or other aspect of these issues that may be relevant to EPA's consideration of this petition." 66 Fed. Reg. ...
Iceland`s Climate Change Strategy - Ministry for the Environment
... environmental affairs, and other matters. In this way, reduced use of imported fossil fuels can promote savings, as well as increased energy security. Icelandic government agencies have worked toward land reclamation and afforestation for 100 years in an attempt to reverse land erosion, and therefor ...
... environmental affairs, and other matters. In this way, reduced use of imported fossil fuels can promote savings, as well as increased energy security. Icelandic government agencies have worked toward land reclamation and afforestation for 100 years in an attempt to reverse land erosion, and therefor ...
Empirical analysis of the solar contribution to global mean air
... Key words: solar variability, climate change, solar-terrestrial link ...
... Key words: solar variability, climate change, solar-terrestrial link ...
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... factors and standard physical inputs as well as farmers’ possibilities to adapt to this risk have, to our knowledge, not been well addressed in the present context. The world climate is changing (Shortle et al., 2009; Parry et al., 2007), the consequences of which are and will be very significant. H ...
... factors and standard physical inputs as well as farmers’ possibilities to adapt to this risk have, to our knowledge, not been well addressed in the present context. The world climate is changing (Shortle et al., 2009; Parry et al., 2007), the consequences of which are and will be very significant. H ...
Climate modelling in Bangladesh
... Climate change may intensify these hazards and thus pose a critical challenge to development initiatives in the country. Indeed, according to the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. ...
... Climate change may intensify these hazards and thus pose a critical challenge to development initiatives in the country. Indeed, according to the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. ...
The economic impact of climate change
... Abstract: I review the literature on the economic impacts of climate change, an externality that is unprecedentedly large, complex, and uncertain. Only 14 estimates of the total damage cost of climate change have been published, a research effort that is in sharp contrast to the urgency of the publi ...
... Abstract: I review the literature on the economic impacts of climate change, an externality that is unprecedentedly large, complex, and uncertain. Only 14 estimates of the total damage cost of climate change have been published, a research effort that is in sharp contrast to the urgency of the publi ...
ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT BY STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR
... formation of ozone holes. This and the consequences of soot deposition on polar glaciers should be checked by model calculations. In contrast to the slowly developing effects of greenhouse warming associated with anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the climatic response of the albedo enhancement experiment ...
... formation of ozone holes. This and the consequences of soot deposition on polar glaciers should be checked by model calculations. In contrast to the slowly developing effects of greenhouse warming associated with anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the climatic response of the albedo enhancement experiment ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Coastal Areas of
... 1. Physical- It views the coast from a spatial perspective, incorporating all those areas that drain out to the sea and , those that are periodically inundated by tides …This definition embraces the coastal watersheds, plains and shoreline; the rivers, and wetlands that drain them; and the beaches, ...
... 1. Physical- It views the coast from a spatial perspective, incorporating all those areas that drain out to the sea and , those that are periodically inundated by tides …This definition embraces the coastal watersheds, plains and shoreline; the rivers, and wetlands that drain them; and the beaches, ...
'Communicating Uncertainties for those Insuring Future Climate Change' Oslo 2008
... Decision support is enhanced when both insights and uncertainties propagate from climate science to application, often through one or more layers of computer modelling, experimental statistics, and/or extreme economics, before reaching applications in policy-making and industry. This exercise would ...
... Decision support is enhanced when both insights and uncertainties propagate from climate science to application, often through one or more layers of computer modelling, experimental statistics, and/or extreme economics, before reaching applications in policy-making and industry. This exercise would ...
The Kyoto Protocol and Clean Development Mechanism
... emissions from Annex I countries). Notable exceptions include the and . Other countries, like India and China, which have ratified the protocol, are not required to reduce carbon emissions under the present agreement. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol of framework of UNFCCC is a key step towards the mitigatio ...
... emissions from Annex I countries). Notable exceptions include the and . Other countries, like India and China, which have ratified the protocol, are not required to reduce carbon emissions under the present agreement. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol of framework of UNFCCC is a key step towards the mitigatio ...
coping with climate change: the importance of genetic resources for
... A much broader vision of risk management is needed, especially as climate changes are expected to have potentially catastrophic effects on food production in many developing countries. While such changes may be relatively gradual and occur over the mid to long term, action is urgently needed now in ...
... A much broader vision of risk management is needed, especially as climate changes are expected to have potentially catastrophic effects on food production in many developing countries. While such changes may be relatively gradual and occur over the mid to long term, action is urgently needed now in ...
PDF
... change and have been deeply involved in climate initiatives. Given their long shared history, significant trade relations, and common interests in technological development, the opportunity for and importance of cooperation is that much greater. Since 2001, however, the two countries have been addre ...
... change and have been deeply involved in climate initiatives. Given their long shared history, significant trade relations, and common interests in technological development, the opportunity for and importance of cooperation is that much greater. Since 2001, however, the two countries have been addre ...
Preventology: Bring back prevention
... • Adaptation was seen as ‘giving up’ • Mitigation referred to softening the impacts of extremes • In mid 1980s there was a shift to adaptation and mitigation because of realization that they could not prevent global warming even if fossil fuel emissions were halted today ...
... • Adaptation was seen as ‘giving up’ • Mitigation referred to softening the impacts of extremes • In mid 1980s there was a shift to adaptation and mitigation because of realization that they could not prevent global warming even if fossil fuel emissions were halted today ...
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Carbon Tax Design)
... Over the last century, the world has seen a sustained decline in the proportion of people living in poverty. However, there is a growing concern that climate change could slow or possibly even reverse progress on poverty reduction. This concern is rooted in the fact than most developing countries ar ...
... Over the last century, the world has seen a sustained decline in the proportion of people living in poverty. However, there is a growing concern that climate change could slow or possibly even reverse progress on poverty reduction. This concern is rooted in the fact than most developing countries ar ...
Changing Risk Perceptions Policy Brief
... that 92% of Americans had heard of climate change, and 75% of Americans are very or somewhat concerned about it.5 Public opinion polls asking whether climate change is a “serious” problem or threat find that over 70% of respondents consider it to be “very” or “somewhat” serious.17 Also, there is wid ...
... that 92% of Americans had heard of climate change, and 75% of Americans are very or somewhat concerned about it.5 Public opinion polls asking whether climate change is a “serious” problem or threat find that over 70% of respondents consider it to be “very” or “somewhat” serious.17 Also, there is wid ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... simulations and 3 DMI RCM simulations that were each nested within ensembles of integrations generated with the coupled model. However, in order to estimate the uncertainty due to the formulation of the driving GCM, the PRUDENCE data provide only two RCMs forced by two different GCMs. Ideally, data ...
... simulations and 3 DMI RCM simulations that were each nested within ensembles of integrations generated with the coupled model. However, in order to estimate the uncertainty due to the formulation of the driving GCM, the PRUDENCE data provide only two RCMs forced by two different GCMs. Ideally, data ...
Climate Change or Land Use Dynamics: Do We Know Miguel Clavero *
... latitude of the distribution of bird species present at local communities. We used multiple regression models to relate the variation in climate change indicators to: i) environmental temperature; and ii) three landscape gradients reflecting important current land use change processes (land abandonm ...
... latitude of the distribution of bird species present at local communities. We used multiple regression models to relate the variation in climate change indicators to: i) environmental temperature; and ii) three landscape gradients reflecting important current land use change processes (land abandonm ...
Engaging Science and Managing Scientific Uncertainty in Urban
... issues. This resulted in a focused set of measures that could be readily achieved, such as planting trees where they could reduce heat island effect and amendments to the air ordinance to protect air quality as temperatures increased. The emphasis placed on using assessments based on climate science ...
... issues. This resulted in a focused set of measures that could be readily achieved, such as planting trees where they could reduce heat island effect and amendments to the air ordinance to protect air quality as temperatures increased. The emphasis placed on using assessments based on climate science ...
Evo Morales, Climate Change and the Paradoxes of a Social
... demonstrated in action, too. The same week that 9,000 foreigners arrived in Bolivia for the People’s Climate Summit, community organizations in the Salar de Uyuni staged massive protests against the minin ...
... demonstrated in action, too. The same week that 9,000 foreigners arrived in Bolivia for the People’s Climate Summit, community organizations in the Salar de Uyuni staged massive protests against the minin ...
Winter 2013
... honorary recognition given by the Department of Commerce. The scientists were honored “for using their expertise and creativity to establish innovative new modeling that will lead to greater understanding of the impacts of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols on global climate change.” The awar ...
... honorary recognition given by the Department of Commerce. The scientists were honored “for using their expertise and creativity to establish innovative new modeling that will lead to greater understanding of the impacts of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols on global climate change.” The awar ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.