Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
... average, there would be many locations on the earth much colder than that . The presence of greenhouse gases raises this average temperature to about 60o F and makes the earth a much more habitable place. So some warming is a good thing. ...
... average, there would be many locations on the earth much colder than that . The presence of greenhouse gases raises this average temperature to about 60o F and makes the earth a much more habitable place. So some warming is a good thing. ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... Historic climate and hydrological records are used as a solid basis for quantifying relationships between climate changes and the amount of water in rivers and aquifers. Projecting future climate and hydrological conditions, especially those modified by human influences such as an enhanced greenhous ...
... Historic climate and hydrological records are used as a solid basis for quantifying relationships between climate changes and the amount of water in rivers and aquifers. Projecting future climate and hydrological conditions, especially those modified by human influences such as an enhanced greenhous ...
Impact of Climate Change on Transportation Funding Paper
... traveled (VMT), and 4) traffic operations, which includes traffic-flow management by transportation agencies and individual driving behavior. Fuel Economy and the Type of Fuel Used In 2007, Congress enacted fuel economy standards that will require the average of all new vehicles in the light-duty a ...
... traveled (VMT), and 4) traffic operations, which includes traffic-flow management by transportation agencies and individual driving behavior. Fuel Economy and the Type of Fuel Used In 2007, Congress enacted fuel economy standards that will require the average of all new vehicles in the light-duty a ...
An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture
... The importance of viticulture and of the winemaking socioeconomic sector in Europe is largely acknowledged. The most famous winemaking regions in Europe commonly present very specific environmental characteristics, where climate often plays a central role. Furthermore, given the strong influence of ...
... The importance of viticulture and of the winemaking socioeconomic sector in Europe is largely acknowledged. The most famous winemaking regions in Europe commonly present very specific environmental characteristics, where climate often plays a central role. Furthermore, given the strong influence of ...
Modeling the Impact of Afforestation on Global Climate: A 2
... Both high-altitude and high-latitude regions – where one can expect consistent snow cover – have been accepted as regions where deliberate land-use change in the form of afforestation can lead to a net positive forcing due to a lower surface albedo. In addition, GCM simulations by Gibbard et al. (20 ...
... Both high-altitude and high-latitude regions – where one can expect consistent snow cover – have been accepted as regions where deliberate land-use change in the form of afforestation can lead to a net positive forcing due to a lower surface albedo. In addition, GCM simulations by Gibbard et al. (20 ...
Climate Change and Severe Weather
... making up coastal dunes will be driven inland by high tides and storm surges, with the lack of natural sediment movement and coastal development meaning that in many places dunes will be lost altogether. The degradation and loss of dunes will increase the impacts of storms and high tides further inl ...
... making up coastal dunes will be driven inland by high tides and storm surges, with the lack of natural sediment movement and coastal development meaning that in many places dunes will be lost altogether. The degradation and loss of dunes will increase the impacts of storms and high tides further inl ...
Biosequestration - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... emissions directly at the source through energy efficiency measures and other activities. For example, an electric generator faced with a need to reduce its emissions could do so via a combination of increasing its non-emitting generation (e.g., from nuclear, wind, or solar power), decreasing its tr ...
... emissions directly at the source through energy efficiency measures and other activities. For example, an electric generator faced with a need to reduce its emissions could do so via a combination of increasing its non-emitting generation (e.g., from nuclear, wind, or solar power), decreasing its tr ...
What is the Price of Carbon? Five definitions - SAPIEN.S
... tonnes, the total abatement cost is D Euros and its average cost is D/T Euros per tonne. The marginal or incremental cost is what would need to be spent to reduce its emission by one extra tonne. Most studies show that, beyond a certain amount of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, marginal or incre ...
... tonnes, the total abatement cost is D Euros and its average cost is D/T Euros per tonne. The marginal or incremental cost is what would need to be spent to reduce its emission by one extra tonne. Most studies show that, beyond a certain amount of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, marginal or incre ...
arctic experience: middle years program
... If sunlight is not reflected, it is absorbed by the surface, and the surface heats up. Test out different surfaces in your classroom, choosing different colours and textures. Tape or place a thermometer on each surface and use desk lamps to simulate heat from the sun. Wait and see what happens to th ...
... If sunlight is not reflected, it is absorbed by the surface, and the surface heats up. Test out different surfaces in your classroom, choosing different colours and textures. Tape or place a thermometer on each surface and use desk lamps to simulate heat from the sun. Wait and see what happens to th ...
A Tipping-Elements Expedition in the Footsteps of
... Over the past half century sea-surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific have increased, with an El Niño-like trend pattern, i.e., stronger warming in the East relative to the West. However, according to Latif and Keenlyside (2009), sea-surface temperatures do not yet provide unambiguous eviden ...
... Over the past half century sea-surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific have increased, with an El Niño-like trend pattern, i.e., stronger warming in the East relative to the West. However, according to Latif and Keenlyside (2009), sea-surface temperatures do not yet provide unambiguous eviden ...
Articles
... the Laurentian GreatLakes(i.e., LakesErie and Superior) simulation study,the duration of coveris projectedto decline 10% to 52% by 2030 and 33% to 88% by 2090 (Lofgren et al.2002). ...
... the Laurentian GreatLakes(i.e., LakesErie and Superior) simulation study,the duration of coveris projectedto decline 10% to 52% by 2030 and 33% to 88% by 2090 (Lofgren et al.2002). ...
Tropical reforestation and climate change
... Tropical reforestation (TR) has been highlighted as an important intervention for climate change mitigation because of its carbon storage potential. TR can also play other frequently overlooked, but significant, roles in helping society and ecosystems adapt to climate variability and change. For exa ...
... Tropical reforestation (TR) has been highlighted as an important intervention for climate change mitigation because of its carbon storage potential. TR can also play other frequently overlooked, but significant, roles in helping society and ecosystems adapt to climate variability and change. For exa ...
Proceedings of all the plenary sessions
... obliges us to go further than adaptation and to transform our societies if we wish to achieve the objective of limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5°C. In addition, according to the Stockholm Environmental Institute, some climate changes in developing countries have significant indirect im ...
... obliges us to go further than adaptation and to transform our societies if we wish to achieve the objective of limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5°C. In addition, according to the Stockholm Environmental Institute, some climate changes in developing countries have significant indirect im ...
The Ethical Responsibility of the Loss and Damage Mechanism: a
... homes and possessions are lost, it is an economic solution that can restore what is now gone. Noneconomic loss relates to items that are not economic in nature or those which are not traded in markets. The UNFCCC provides a technical paper that defines non-economic loss in this manner and explains ...
... homes and possessions are lost, it is an economic solution that can restore what is now gone. Noneconomic loss relates to items that are not economic in nature or those which are not traded in markets. The UNFCCC provides a technical paper that defines non-economic loss in this manner and explains ...
Aghion_et_al_policy_paper_Nov2014 (opens in new window)
... payoff to the whole group from working together is greater that the sum of the payoffs of its parts. In particular, ‘strategic complementarities’ arise when agents make individual decisions that affect each other’s welfare and one agent’s greater productivity makes all the other agents more producti ...
... payoff to the whole group from working together is greater that the sum of the payoffs of its parts. In particular, ‘strategic complementarities’ arise when agents make individual decisions that affect each other’s welfare and one agent’s greater productivity makes all the other agents more producti ...
2011 Duffy
... The islands of Pacific Oceania face unprecedented anthropogenic climate change within this century. Rising sea levels, increasing ocean acidification, warming land and sea temperatures, increasing droughts, and changes in the frequency and intensity of storms are likely to reorder or destroy ecosyst ...
... The islands of Pacific Oceania face unprecedented anthropogenic climate change within this century. Rising sea levels, increasing ocean acidification, warming land and sea temperatures, increasing droughts, and changes in the frequency and intensity of storms are likely to reorder or destroy ecosyst ...
Desertification-Climate Change Interactions
... population growth. While proximate causes include the expansion of agriculture, overgrazing and infrastructure development. Climate variability represented by meteorological phenomena acts concomitantly and synergistic with other drivers. magnitude of storms or duration of droughts can also be drive ...
... population growth. While proximate causes include the expansion of agriculture, overgrazing and infrastructure development. Climate variability represented by meteorological phenomena acts concomitantly and synergistic with other drivers. magnitude of storms or duration of droughts can also be drive ...
Earth System interactions
... remotely, with clear consequences for future climate evolution. Some of these processes are among the most poorly described components of present-day climate models. To better understand, model and evaluate such processes, requires a means of bringing the complexity of Global ESM approach down to th ...
... remotely, with clear consequences for future climate evolution. Some of these processes are among the most poorly described components of present-day climate models. To better understand, model and evaluate such processes, requires a means of bringing the complexity of Global ESM approach down to th ...
Have disaster losses increased due to anthropogenic climate change?
... losses show that direct economic losses have increased, in particular the losses that are due to weather related hazards, such as floods, droughts, storms, and landslides (Munich ...
... losses show that direct economic losses have increased, in particular the losses that are due to weather related hazards, such as floods, droughts, storms, and landslides (Munich ...
Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water
... a long term mean field as FEWS NET Climatology (FCLIM). These observed trends are then used to project future climatic changes. While any climate projection is fraught with uncertainty, for short term (w20 year) projections, this approach may be the best available given the current state of climate s ...
... a long term mean field as FEWS NET Climatology (FCLIM). These observed trends are then used to project future climatic changes. While any climate projection is fraught with uncertainty, for short term (w20 year) projections, this approach may be the best available given the current state of climate s ...
Challenging Knowledge: How Climate Science Became a Victim of the Cold War
... the world: “The scientific evidence forcefully points to a need for a truly international effort. Make no mistake, we have to act now. And the longer we procrastinate, the more difficult the task of tackling climate change becomes.”13 And in October 2007, the IPCC shared with former U.S. Vice Presid ...
... the world: “The scientific evidence forcefully points to a need for a truly international effort. Make no mistake, we have to act now. And the longer we procrastinate, the more difficult the task of tackling climate change becomes.”13 And in October 2007, the IPCC shared with former U.S. Vice Presid ...
Facing the Climate Change Challenge in a Global Economy
... U.S. emissions are still the highest among developed countries, and others look to the United States for leadership. Yet, following promising developments towards a legislated emissions trading program in 2 ...
... U.S. emissions are still the highest among developed countries, and others look to the United States for leadership. Yet, following promising developments towards a legislated emissions trading program in 2 ...
Conference Agenda
... Jane McAdam, BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Sydney), DPhil (Oxford)) is a professor at the University of New South Wales and an Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the Faculty of Law. She is also the Director of the International Refugee and Migration Law project at the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Pu ...
... Jane McAdam, BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Sydney), DPhil (Oxford)) is a professor at the University of New South Wales and an Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the Faculty of Law. She is also the Director of the International Refugee and Migration Law project at the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Pu ...
ECD - advantage publication June18_Layout 1
... Nicaragua, Nigeria, Rwanda, Viet Nam and Yemen.5 It found that these projects, which have adopted different, context-specific approaches and adaptation priorities based on vulnerability analyses, contribute to mitigation goals in different ways. Figure 1 shows the GHG carbon balance by project.6 It ...
... Nicaragua, Nigeria, Rwanda, Viet Nam and Yemen.5 It found that these projects, which have adopted different, context-specific approaches and adaptation priorities based on vulnerability analyses, contribute to mitigation goals in different ways. Figure 1 shows the GHG carbon balance by project.6 It ...
eSoGE News - School of Geography and the Environment
... The tool, known as the N-Calculator, asks users to put in information so that it can calculate the likely effect that the food that they eat or the transport they take has on the environment in terms of nitrogen pollution. It is hoped that the tool will lead to more people choosing sustainable ways ...
... The tool, known as the N-Calculator, asks users to put in information so that it can calculate the likely effect that the food that they eat or the transport they take has on the environment in terms of nitrogen pollution. It is hoped that the tool will lead to more people choosing sustainable ways ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.