PDF - unu-wider - United Nations University
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
Winter 2013
... honorary recognition given by the Department of Commerce. The scientists were honored “for using their expertise and creativity to establish innovative new modeling that will lead to greater understanding of the impacts of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols on global climate change.” The awar ...
... honorary recognition given by the Department of Commerce. The scientists were honored “for using their expertise and creativity to establish innovative new modeling that will lead to greater understanding of the impacts of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols on global climate change.” The awar ...
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... altitudes, more intensive rainfall, more rainfall in winter, greater inter-annual variability in precipitation, lower water levels in rivers, floods, extreme weather events, and a considerable increase in lake temperatures. Some areas in the Alps will also become more risk-prone for tourism due to m ...
... altitudes, more intensive rainfall, more rainfall in winter, greater inter-annual variability in precipitation, lower water levels in rivers, floods, extreme weather events, and a considerable increase in lake temperatures. Some areas in the Alps will also become more risk-prone for tourism due to m ...
1. dia - The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern
... Forest productivity is expected to decline and thefrequency of peatland fires to increase. In Northern Europe, climate change is initially projected to bring mixed effects, including some benefits such as reduced demand for heating, increased crop yields and increased forest growth. However, as clim ...
... Forest productivity is expected to decline and thefrequency of peatland fires to increase. In Northern Europe, climate change is initially projected to bring mixed effects, including some benefits such as reduced demand for heating, increased crop yields and increased forest growth. However, as clim ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say?
... or very similar between sequential observations. Because linear trends for any two variables will always be correlated (see Appendix Figure 2), we also only evaluate studies where data are detrended and populations are followed through both positive and negative (i.e. non-monotonic) changes in the i ...
... or very similar between sequential observations. Because linear trends for any two variables will always be correlated (see Appendix Figure 2), we also only evaluate studies where data are detrended and populations are followed through both positive and negative (i.e. non-monotonic) changes in the i ...
Assessment of global warming on the island of Tenerife, Canary
... south toward the equator and the other north, makes this island very conducive to investigating temperature changes in different scenarios. Several studies have found an increase in temperatures in the last century (Oñate and Pou 1996), but so far the warming has not been quantified exactly. Sperlin ...
... south toward the equator and the other north, makes this island very conducive to investigating temperature changes in different scenarios. Several studies have found an increase in temperatures in the last century (Oñate and Pou 1996), but so far the warming has not been quantified exactly. Sperlin ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say
... or very similar between sequential observations. Because linear trends for any two variables will always be correlated (see Appendix Figure 2), we also only evaluate studies where data are detrended and populations are followed through both positive and negative (i.e. non-monotonic) changes in the i ...
... or very similar between sequential observations. Because linear trends for any two variables will always be correlated (see Appendix Figure 2), we also only evaluate studies where data are detrended and populations are followed through both positive and negative (i.e. non-monotonic) changes in the i ...
PDF File - Patrick Gonzalez
... 20–30% of species assessed so far are at high risk of extinction if global mean temperatures increase 2–3◦ C above preindustrial levels (Thomas et al., 2004; IPCC, 2007b). Greenhouse gas emissions and modified evaporation and runoff due to deforestation and forest degradation could substantially cha ...
... 20–30% of species assessed so far are at high risk of extinction if global mean temperatures increase 2–3◦ C above preindustrial levels (Thomas et al., 2004; IPCC, 2007b). Greenhouse gas emissions and modified evaporation and runoff due to deforestation and forest degradation could substantially cha ...
UK climate change policy: how does it affect competitiveness?
... reduction target for 2030. The EU has set a target to reduce its annual emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 40 per cent compared to their 1990 level by 2030. The UK’s share of meeting this goal is likely to be a target in the range of 51 and 57 per cent. The Committee on Climate Change’s advic ...
... reduction target for 2030. The EU has set a target to reduce its annual emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 40 per cent compared to their 1990 level by 2030. The UK’s share of meeting this goal is likely to be a target in the range of 51 and 57 per cent. The Committee on Climate Change’s advic ...
Cities and Climate Change Initiative - UN
... impacts of climate change. However, mitigation and adaptation capacity is not equally distributed worldwide and in developing and least developed countries vulnerability is substantially different compared to developed countries. Climate change impacts can undermine a country’s efforts to achieve th ...
... impacts of climate change. However, mitigation and adaptation capacity is not equally distributed worldwide and in developing and least developed countries vulnerability is substantially different compared to developed countries. Climate change impacts can undermine a country’s efforts to achieve th ...
DISCUSSION PAPER Climate Policy in the United States
... change and have been deeply involved in climate initiatives. Given their long shared history, significant trade relations, and common interests in technological development, the opportunity for and importance of cooperation is that much greater. Since 2001, however, the two countries have been addre ...
... change and have been deeply involved in climate initiatives. Given their long shared history, significant trade relations, and common interests in technological development, the opportunity for and importance of cooperation is that much greater. Since 2001, however, the two countries have been addre ...
Climate Change Attribution Using Empirical Decomposition of
... of time, Scafetta [2010] showed via spectral analysis and other means that two particularly strong periodic signals occur with the periods of about 60 and 20 years. These oscillations are synchronous in both astronomical records and numerous global surface temperature and climate records. Spectral d ...
... of time, Scafetta [2010] showed via spectral analysis and other means that two particularly strong periodic signals occur with the periods of about 60 and 20 years. These oscillations are synchronous in both astronomical records and numerous global surface temperature and climate records. Spectral d ...
Report
... that began three centuries ago in Western Europe and is still continuing. Advances in the fields of physics and engineering led to the production of steam power, a catalyst for the growth of industries and transport. Such growth saw populations shift from rural to urban areas in search of work, henc ...
... that began three centuries ago in Western Europe and is still continuing. Advances in the fields of physics and engineering led to the production of steam power, a catalyst for the growth of industries and transport. Such growth saw populations shift from rural to urban areas in search of work, henc ...
CARIBSAVE Climate Change Risk Profile for Jamaica
... livelihoods – likely due to the larger participation of males in fishing and agriculture over women. This aspect of vulnerability is linked to the climate-sensitivity of their livelihood resources. However, one common coping strategy identified by fishers and farmers is to engage in a variety of act ...
... livelihoods – likely due to the larger participation of males in fishing and agriculture over women. This aspect of vulnerability is linked to the climate-sensitivity of their livelihood resources. However, one common coping strategy identified by fishers and farmers is to engage in a variety of act ...
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... for the comparison. Hourly data for the time stretch of 16th – 25th April, 2013 and 20th – 29th May, 2013 has been archived from the Meteorological stations for the analysis of UHI. Analyzing nine days, each of spring and summer season, when the climate of Roorkee is in extremes, provided the basis ...
... for the comparison. Hourly data for the time stretch of 16th – 25th April, 2013 and 20th – 29th May, 2013 has been archived from the Meteorological stations for the analysis of UHI. Analyzing nine days, each of spring and summer season, when the climate of Roorkee is in extremes, provided the basis ...
The Challenges of Change in Future Emergency
... and long-term view of disaster management planning, alongside reflection upon conceptualisations and management of unanticipated and emerging problems. 3. Community expectations and resilience Many of those interviewed described expectations of communities and elected representative as increasingly ...
... and long-term view of disaster management planning, alongside reflection upon conceptualisations and management of unanticipated and emerging problems. 3. Community expectations and resilience Many of those interviewed described expectations of communities and elected representative as increasingly ...
The Changing Himalayas - India Environment Portal
... Based on regional climate models, it is predicted that the temperatures in the Indian sub-continent will rise between 3.5 and 5.5ºC by 2100, and on the Tibetan Plateau by 2.5ºC by 2050 and 5ºC by 2100 (Rupa Kumar et al. 2006). However, because of the extreme topography and complex reactions to the g ...
... Based on regional climate models, it is predicted that the temperatures in the Indian sub-continent will rise between 3.5 and 5.5ºC by 2100, and on the Tibetan Plateau by 2.5ºC by 2050 and 5ºC by 2100 (Rupa Kumar et al. 2006). However, because of the extreme topography and complex reactions to the g ...
Managing Climate Change: The Africa Group in Multilateral
... The notion of the north-south divide is more than a binary distinction between haves and have nots. The south wishes to not only have economic development but also a say in political decisions that affect its future. This is especially true in the case of multilateral negotiations; the notion of nor ...
... The notion of the north-south divide is more than a binary distinction between haves and have nots. The south wishes to not only have economic development but also a say in political decisions that affect its future. This is especially true in the case of multilateral negotiations; the notion of nor ...
PDF
... Ort, W. Polley, A. Thomson, and D. Wolfe. (2008) Agriculture. In: The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Washington, DC., ...
... Ort, W. Polley, A. Thomson, and D. Wolfe. (2008) Agriculture. In: The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Washington, DC., ...
Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... tend to shy away from the scientific community’s careful wording to express uncertainty. Readers then face messages lacking scientific caution and containing strong appeals that might then be refuted by other similarly strongly worded statements, hampering the perceived reliability of the informatio ...
... tend to shy away from the scientific community’s careful wording to express uncertainty. Readers then face messages lacking scientific caution and containing strong appeals that might then be refuted by other similarly strongly worded statements, hampering the perceived reliability of the informatio ...
Parmesan and Yohe, 2003
... trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a ‘systematic trend’. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biologica ...
... trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a ‘systematic trend’. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biologica ...
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change
... trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a ‘systematic trend’. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biologica ...
... trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a ‘systematic trend’. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biologica ...
Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau
... Based on meteorological station data, reanalyses and remote sensing, the TP has shown significant warming during the last decades and will continue to warm in the future. While the warming is predominantly caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, changes in cloud amount, snow-albedo feedback, t ...
... Based on meteorological station data, reanalyses and remote sensing, the TP has shown significant warming during the last decades and will continue to warm in the future. While the warming is predominantly caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, changes in cloud amount, snow-albedo feedback, t ...
Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels and Forest Management
... storing it in plants, at least until a stand-replacing fire occurs. Not only does a stand-replacing fire release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as it burns plants and wood, it arguably may cause a reduction in the disturbed stand’s ability to sequester carbon until a full tree canopy is reestablis ...
... storing it in plants, at least until a stand-replacing fire occurs. Not only does a stand-replacing fire release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as it burns plants and wood, it arguably may cause a reduction in the disturbed stand’s ability to sequester carbon until a full tree canopy is reestablis ...
Climate Change: The Scientific Debate
... predecessors -- were spared criticism for their far bigger sin of omission, the failure to do anything at all to stanch the flood of carbon that America, above all other nations, pours into the atmosphere and that is the prime cause of the great heating now underway. Though Bush has been egregious i ...
... predecessors -- were spared criticism for their far bigger sin of omission, the failure to do anything at all to stanch the flood of carbon that America, above all other nations, pours into the atmosphere and that is the prime cause of the great heating now underway. Though Bush has been egregious i ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.