Met Office science strategy 2010–2015
... Defining the initial conditions for local forecasts, how to use more unconventional observations and develop the observational base, such as radar and lidar, and how these can be linked to variables within the model, all present new challenges. At these scales, especially in convective situations, e ...
... Defining the initial conditions for local forecasts, how to use more unconventional observations and develop the observational base, such as radar and lidar, and how these can be linked to variables within the model, all present new challenges. At these scales, especially in convective situations, e ...
effects of changing climate on weather and human activities
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
loss and damage
... Now, after two years of relief, rebuilding and reconstruction, communities are starting to see hope for the future again. Many have regained access to basic services and markets. Children are back in school, industries have resumed operations, and plantations are rehabilitated. The typhoon also shoo ...
... Now, after two years of relief, rebuilding and reconstruction, communities are starting to see hope for the future again. Many have regained access to basic services and markets. Children are back in school, industries have resumed operations, and plantations are rehabilitated. The typhoon also shoo ...
Download country chapter
... to grow by 12% per year and total energy demand is predicted to grow by 6.6% per year from 2010 to 2035 under a business-as-usual scenario. An alternative policy scenario suggest that a 10.8% saving in terms of primary energy consumption by 2035 could be achieved. Natural gas reserves are significan ...
... to grow by 12% per year and total energy demand is predicted to grow by 6.6% per year from 2010 to 2035 under a business-as-usual scenario. An alternative policy scenario suggest that a 10.8% saving in terms of primary energy consumption by 2035 could be achieved. Natural gas reserves are significan ...
Future Directions - WCRP Strategic Framework
... to predict its evolution. In addition, assessments by the WMO/UNEP IPCC would not be possible without significant contributions by many WCRP scientists and groups. WCRP modelling experiments were the basis for many of those assessments, and some of the relevant outputs were the climate projections b ...
... to predict its evolution. In addition, assessments by the WMO/UNEP IPCC would not be possible without significant contributions by many WCRP scientists and groups. WCRP modelling experiments were the basis for many of those assessments, and some of the relevant outputs were the climate projections b ...
An ecohydrological sketch of climate change impacts on water and
... upon climate change. While the map is indicative for directions of change, in view of the uncertainties of our study, no conclusions should be drawn that may have far-reaching consequences, such as giving up certain nature targets that might no longer be feasible in the future climate. Instead, we a ...
... upon climate change. While the map is indicative for directions of change, in view of the uncertainties of our study, no conclusions should be drawn that may have far-reaching consequences, such as giving up certain nature targets that might no longer be feasible in the future climate. Instead, we a ...
Financing Climate Chaos
... The fossil fuels that humans have been extracting and burning for the last 150 years were formed from plants and animals that lived 300 million years ago in primordial swamps and oceans.27 Fossil fuels are stored deep in the earth’s crust and will run out because their rate of regeneration takes mil ...
... The fossil fuels that humans have been extracting and burning for the last 150 years were formed from plants and animals that lived 300 million years ago in primordial swamps and oceans.27 Fossil fuels are stored deep in the earth’s crust and will run out because their rate of regeneration takes mil ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... Such is the overwhelming case of the Vunidogoloa village, which moved to a land owned by the same mataqali. Since the community moved to a land within its boundaries, the transition was smoother than what the villagers would have experienced if a suitable resettlement site was not available. Notewor ...
... Such is the overwhelming case of the Vunidogoloa village, which moved to a land owned by the same mataqali. Since the community moved to a land within its boundaries, the transition was smoother than what the villagers would have experienced if a suitable resettlement site was not available. Notewor ...
The economic impact of climate change on road infrastructure in sub
... (IPCC 2001) reports that the impact of climate change on people’s livelihood will be greatest in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in Africa. That is why climate change in Ghana and in Africa as a whole, albeit being an age-old phenomenon, has to be taken seriously. The direct impact of clima ...
... (IPCC 2001) reports that the impact of climate change on people’s livelihood will be greatest in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in Africa. That is why climate change in Ghana and in Africa as a whole, albeit being an age-old phenomenon, has to be taken seriously. The direct impact of clima ...
the journal Nature Climate Change
... feedback is the dominant source of model spread5. Such feedbacks are strongly related to regional phenomena, so that the global mean is determined by integrated regional-scale effects (for example, ice albedo feedback). At continental scales, robust features of change in surface air temperature have ...
... feedback is the dominant source of model spread5. Such feedbacks are strongly related to regional phenomena, so that the global mean is determined by integrated regional-scale effects (for example, ice albedo feedback). At continental scales, robust features of change in surface air temperature have ...
What is the Paris Agreement, and How Will It Be Implemented?
... of signaling countries and industries to invest in green energy. (“The Paris Agreement”). All of these goals build off of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – which is often referred to as the UNFCCC or the Convention – because it was under the Convention’s climate framework t ...
... of signaling countries and industries to invest in green energy. (“The Paris Agreement”). All of these goals build off of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – which is often referred to as the UNFCCC or the Convention – because it was under the Convention’s climate framework t ...
pri climate change strategy project
... represent the views of PRI Association, the PRI Initiative or the signatories to the Principles for Responsible Investment. The inclusion of company examples does not in any way constitute an endorsement of these organisations by PRI Association, the PRI Initiative or the signatories to the Principl ...
... represent the views of PRI Association, the PRI Initiative or the signatories to the Principles for Responsible Investment. The inclusion of company examples does not in any way constitute an endorsement of these organisations by PRI Association, the PRI Initiative or the signatories to the Principl ...
Key aspects of global climate change
... of consensus with respect to scientific conclusions drawn in these documents, as if the development of science was determined not by different views and respective discussions but by a general agreement (and even voting) on some concrete problems. Apart from definitions, of importance is the problem ...
... of consensus with respect to scientific conclusions drawn in these documents, as if the development of science was determined not by different views and respective discussions but by a general agreement (and even voting) on some concrete problems. Apart from definitions, of importance is the problem ...
the global warming scam
... following 38 years. During this period confident predictions were made of the coming ice age, some by the same scientists (such as Rasool and Schneider 1971) now predicting future warming. 1.4. RECENT REVIVAL Since temperatures seemed to be rising once again, the claim that human-emitted greenhouse ...
... following 38 years. During this period confident predictions were made of the coming ice age, some by the same scientists (such as Rasool and Schneider 1971) now predicting future warming. 1.4. RECENT REVIVAL Since temperatures seemed to be rising once again, the claim that human-emitted greenhouse ...
Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an
... crop simulation models developed in temperate climate zones are appropriate for simulation of crop yields in tropical areas. Despite the limitations inherent in applying crop simulation models, the studies do indicate important regional trends. For example, Rosenzweig & Iglesias (1994) note that for ...
... crop simulation models developed in temperate climate zones are appropriate for simulation of crop yields in tropical areas. Despite the limitations inherent in applying crop simulation models, the studies do indicate important regional trends. For example, Rosenzweig & Iglesias (1994) note that for ...
Almada - NACLIM
... Randomly convert pixels to vegetation Change vegetation cover and soil sealing of this area Include effects on radiation at ground level ...
... Randomly convert pixels to vegetation Change vegetation cover and soil sealing of this area Include effects on radiation at ground level ...
Investing for the climate in Asia
... Against the backdrop of extreme weather events disrupting economic activity and causing hazards across the Asia Pacific, the Paris Climate Agreement was a landmark deal in the fight against climate change. The nations of the world came together to state their commitments to reducing greenhouse gas e ...
... Against the backdrop of extreme weather events disrupting economic activity and causing hazards across the Asia Pacific, the Paris Climate Agreement was a landmark deal in the fight against climate change. The nations of the world came together to state their commitments to reducing greenhouse gas e ...
Economics of PGRFA Management for Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of Selected Literature
... and attack spring crops (Challinor et al., 2007). The links between climate change and crop yield have largely been explored focusing on the relation between climate variables and the productivity of food crops. Indeed, there is a large and growing body of literature that uses agronomic models, agro ...
... and attack spring crops (Challinor et al., 2007). The links between climate change and crop yield have largely been explored focusing on the relation between climate variables and the productivity of food crops. Indeed, there is a large and growing body of literature that uses agronomic models, agro ...
How limiting factors drive agricultural adaptation to climate change.
... Consensus is growing that agriculture is vulnerable to climate change and adaptation responses are necessary to minimize impacts. Nonetheless, the diversity of potential impacts, agro-ecological contexts and regional capacity for change make understanding adaptation behaviors challenging and ensure ...
... Consensus is growing that agriculture is vulnerable to climate change and adaptation responses are necessary to minimize impacts. Nonetheless, the diversity of potential impacts, agro-ecological contexts and regional capacity for change make understanding adaptation behaviors challenging and ensure ...
Assessing EU Leadership on Climate Change - Userpage
... of climate change? This working paper seeks to shed light on this topic by examining the attempted diffusion of climate change norms, policies, and institutions by the EU to China and India. The paper argues that the Chinese and Indian Governments responded in significantly different ways to the EU’ ...
... of climate change? This working paper seeks to shed light on this topic by examining the attempted diffusion of climate change norms, policies, and institutions by the EU to China and India. The paper argues that the Chinese and Indian Governments responded in significantly different ways to the EU’ ...
The CCPC grew out of the International Council of Local
... institutional and political conditions at higher government levels. Many matters such as the liberalisation of energy markets, lack of funding for research on renewable energy and the failure of national governments to prioritise climate politics, can hinder local work to reduce GHGs. Nevertheless, ...
... institutional and political conditions at higher government levels. Many matters such as the liberalisation of energy markets, lack of funding for research on renewable energy and the failure of national governments to prioritise climate politics, can hinder local work to reduce GHGs. Nevertheless, ...
Cosmic rays and space weather: effects on global climate change
... 2005; Dorman et al., 2003) have considered atmospheric electric field phenomena as a possible link between solar activity and the Earth’s climate. Barnard et al. (2011) used data on cosmogenic nucleus in ice for about 9300 yr for investigation of great solar energetic particle events and long-time g ...
... 2005; Dorman et al., 2003) have considered atmospheric electric field phenomena as a possible link between solar activity and the Earth’s climate. Barnard et al. (2011) used data on cosmogenic nucleus in ice for about 9300 yr for investigation of great solar energetic particle events and long-time g ...
Innovation in the realm of institutional complexity
... institutional environments in their practical everyday work through different cycles by making sense of contradictory logics over time. These previous studies are important starting points for our study on climate adaptation of the built environment. However, our research seeks to expand these persp ...
... institutional environments in their practical everyday work through different cycles by making sense of contradictory logics over time. These previous studies are important starting points for our study on climate adaptation of the built environment. However, our research seeks to expand these persp ...
Food Security of Northern Indigenous Peoples in a Time of
... of how some unaware people are living is changing how global processes behave, the implications of addressing these changes requires that people become aware and cease their consumption patterns. These people (Developed countries, in particular upper middle class) are affluent, there are poor people ...
... of how some unaware people are living is changing how global processes behave, the implications of addressing these changes requires that people become aware and cease their consumption patterns. These people (Developed countries, in particular upper middle class) are affluent, there are poor people ...
The shape of things to come: why is climate change so predictable?
... determining the envelope of uncertainty in climate sensitivity requires understanding how uncertainty in the representations of physical processes in global climate models (GCMs) translates into the uncertainty in the models’ response. Roe and Baker (2007) (hereafter, RB07) investigated this questio ...
... determining the envelope of uncertainty in climate sensitivity requires understanding how uncertainty in the representations of physical processes in global climate models (GCMs) translates into the uncertainty in the models’ response. Roe and Baker (2007) (hereafter, RB07) investigated this questio ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.