Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st
... Ozone exists in the troposphere as a result of in situ chemical production and transport from the stratosphere. Approximately 90 % is produced via chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2 ), hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO) during daylight hours (Denman et al., 2007); therefor ...
... Ozone exists in the troposphere as a result of in situ chemical production and transport from the stratosphere. Approximately 90 % is produced via chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2 ), hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO) during daylight hours (Denman et al., 2007); therefor ...
China Meteorological Administration
... to improve the capability of the whole society in preventing disastrous events for ensuring the maximum protection of people’s lives, property, economic development and social progress. Situated in East Asia, facing the West coast of the Pacific Ocean, China has a land area of about 9,600,000 km2 an ...
... to improve the capability of the whole society in preventing disastrous events for ensuring the maximum protection of people’s lives, property, economic development and social progress. Situated in East Asia, facing the West coast of the Pacific Ocean, China has a land area of about 9,600,000 km2 an ...
A Changing Arctic Climate Science and Policy in the
... The global climate is changing at an increasingly rapid rate. Not only are air temperatures rising but there is also widespread melting of ice and rising sea levels. The consequences of this include more unpredictable weather patterns with increasing risks of both droughts and flooding.1 And climate ...
... The global climate is changing at an increasingly rapid rate. Not only are air temperatures rising but there is also widespread melting of ice and rising sea levels. The consequences of this include more unpredictable weather patterns with increasing risks of both droughts and flooding.1 And climate ...
English - unfccc
... The GHG Inventory reveals that Niue has relatively low greenhouse gas emissions. C ...
... The GHG Inventory reveals that Niue has relatively low greenhouse gas emissions. C ...
Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Transportation
... Houston-Galveston Area Council and the City of Galveston for hosting the Advisory Committee meetings. We are very grateful to the many individuals from the private sector and local and state governments who were interviewed or who otherwise shared their perspectives on the significance of climate ch ...
... Houston-Galveston Area Council and the City of Galveston for hosting the Advisory Committee meetings. We are very grateful to the many individuals from the private sector and local and state governments who were interviewed or who otherwise shared their perspectives on the significance of climate ch ...
An investigation of the pattern scaling technique for describing future
... It is now generally recognised that climate change is real, and that humans are at least partly responsible. In 1996 a scientific consensus was reached that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a, p5). In 2001 this scientific consensus was upd ...
... It is now generally recognised that climate change is real, and that humans are at least partly responsible. In 1996 a scientific consensus was reached that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a, p5). In 2001 this scientific consensus was upd ...
“Fakery 2: Fake science, fakexperts, funny finances
... relationships and obscured money flows. Readers unused to studying financial reports should avoid those sections, especially §A, §H, §K.1, as their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple. Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers ...
... relationships and obscured money flows. Readers unused to studying financial reports should avoid those sections, especially §A, §H, §K.1, as their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple. Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers ...
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land
... leading to woody encroachment of subalpine and alpine grasslands. 2. In this study, we explored how the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines will respond to gradual climate warming, drought events and land-use change in terms of forest expansion rates, taxonomic diversity and functional com ...
... leading to woody encroachment of subalpine and alpine grasslands. 2. In this study, we explored how the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines will respond to gradual climate warming, drought events and land-use change in terms of forest expansion rates, taxonomic diversity and functional com ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
... et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010). These climate-induced changes can, sometimes, result in diverse impacts and risks on regional hydrology and water resources (Field et al., 2014). In fact, shifts in runoff patterns have been observed in many regions (Barnett et al., 2005). For example, earlier snowmel ...
... et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010). These climate-induced changes can, sometimes, result in diverse impacts and risks on regional hydrology and water resources (Field et al., 2014). In fact, shifts in runoff patterns have been observed in many regions (Barnett et al., 2005). For example, earlier snowmel ...
The Second National Communication of the Republic of Malawi
... Basline data for river run-off for selected rivers in Malawi Mean river run-off reductions as affected by baseline rainfall for some rivers in Malawi Mean and increased run-off due to increases in baseline mean rainfall Monthly means of naturalised Lake levels (Meanntr): Lake rise and/or fall scenar ...
... Basline data for river run-off for selected rivers in Malawi Mean river run-off reductions as affected by baseline rainfall for some rivers in Malawi Mean and increased run-off due to increases in baseline mean rainfall Monthly means of naturalised Lake levels (Meanntr): Lake rise and/or fall scenar ...
ECCA 2017 Full Programme
... 6.1 Tools for economic analysis of adaptation options ........................................................................................328 7.2 Climate adaptation and sustainability. Part II: Knowledge management and learning examples from around the world ..................................... ...
... 6.1 Tools for economic analysis of adaptation options ........................................................................................328 7.2 Climate adaptation and sustainability. Part II: Knowledge management and learning examples from around the world ..................................... ...
REDD and the effort to limit global warming to 2°C
... 2006). These emissions are somewhat offset by absorption through revegetation of cleared lands and reforestation. Deforestation emissions arise in a number of ways. The largest source is the carbon dioxide which enters the atmosphere when the carbon stored in trees (and other forms of vegetation) is ...
... 2006). These emissions are somewhat offset by absorption through revegetation of cleared lands and reforestation. Deforestation emissions arise in a number of ways. The largest source is the carbon dioxide which enters the atmosphere when the carbon stored in trees (and other forms of vegetation) is ...
Behaviour of the monsoon-ENSO system in current and future
... The improvement is related to better evolution of El Niño during its developing phase. Some form of flux correction may thus be beneficial, for seasonal prediction at least, where systematic model errors compromise monsoon simulation. Climate change presents new challenges for monsoon prediction, a ...
... The improvement is related to better evolution of El Niño during its developing phase. Some form of flux correction may thus be beneficial, for seasonal prediction at least, where systematic model errors compromise monsoon simulation. Climate change presents new challenges for monsoon prediction, a ...
Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change
... with climate change consequences) (IPCC, 2007a). According to this framework, the potential consequences of climate change on natural and human systems can be quantified in terms of potential or residual impacts and risks, depending on the consideration of the adaptive capacity component in the fina ...
... with climate change consequences) (IPCC, 2007a). According to this framework, the potential consequences of climate change on natural and human systems can be quantified in terms of potential or residual impacts and risks, depending on the consideration of the adaptive capacity component in the fina ...
A multistage crucible of revision and approval shapes IPCC
... for the WGII AR4 and WGIII AR5 (Fig. 2), highlighting substantial deletions that occurred during their revision. Across AR5 SPM revisions, we also evaluate several examples of politically sensitive material emphasized in published perspectives and notes (7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 21, 34–36). For some of the ...
... for the WGII AR4 and WGIII AR5 (Fig. 2), highlighting substantial deletions that occurred during their revision. Across AR5 SPM revisions, we also evaluate several examples of politically sensitive material emphasized in published perspectives and notes (7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 21, 34–36). For some of the ...
Averchenkova and Bassi 2016.pdf (opens in new window)
... and representing over 98 per cent of global terrestrial GHG emissions (Carbon Brief, 2015). In the Paris Agreement, these are now referred to as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The majority of these pledges contain quantified national emissions targets. Some INDCs are unconditional, whil ...
... and representing over 98 per cent of global terrestrial GHG emissions (Carbon Brief, 2015). In the Paris Agreement, these are now referred to as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The majority of these pledges contain quantified national emissions targets. Some INDCs are unconditional, whil ...
Modelling Climate Variability and Climate Change and Their
... Climate extremes associated with climate variability and change are on the rise both in time and space. These extremes have far reaching impacts on socio-economic sectors particularly for countries like Uganda that rely heavily on rain-fed agriculture. The highland cooking banana (Musa genome group ...
... Climate extremes associated with climate variability and change are on the rise both in time and space. These extremes have far reaching impacts on socio-economic sectors particularly for countries like Uganda that rely heavily on rain-fed agriculture. The highland cooking banana (Musa genome group ...
Mirrored at GFMC Archive - The Global Fire Monitoring Center
... gion increasing (Kasischke and Turetsky, 2006). is is leading to further permafrost degradation and a growing concern over positive feedbacks to climate resulting from increased CO2 and methane emissions from permafrost thawing and the microbial decomposition of previously frozen organic carbon (Hi ...
... gion increasing (Kasischke and Turetsky, 2006). is is leading to further permafrost degradation and a growing concern over positive feedbacks to climate resulting from increased CO2 and methane emissions from permafrost thawing and the microbial decomposition of previously frozen organic carbon (Hi ...
- Lancaster EPrints
... Son et al., 2009; Arblaster et al., 2011; Polvani et al., 2011; Barnes et al., 2013; Gillett ...
... Son et al., 2009; Arblaster et al., 2011; Polvani et al., 2011; Barnes et al., 2013; Gillett ...
Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe 2016
... the last couple of years and have developed plans and strategies (Map ES.1). The very first ones, such as Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Barcelona or Helsinki, started putting measures into practice and exploring monitoring schemes. Apart from specific adaptation measures, many cities have implemented measu ...
... the last couple of years and have developed plans and strategies (Map ES.1). The very first ones, such as Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Barcelona or Helsinki, started putting measures into practice and exploring monitoring schemes. Apart from specific adaptation measures, many cities have implemented measu ...
Climate Change and Urban Greenspace. PhD thesis, The University
... Chapter 6. Surface Runoff Model Table 6.1. Antecedent moisture condition classification ………………………………. Table 6.2. Soil Conservation Service hydrologic soil classification …………………… Table 6.3. Curve numbers for various land uses for AMCII ………………………….... Table 6.4. Curve numbers for the different surfac ...
... Chapter 6. Surface Runoff Model Table 6.1. Antecedent moisture condition classification ………………………………. Table 6.2. Soil Conservation Service hydrologic soil classification …………………… Table 6.3. Curve numbers for various land uses for AMCII ………………………….... Table 6.4. Curve numbers for the different surfac ...
Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the
... such a way that it threatens the possibility of human life on Earth what does this mean for the place of humans on Earth? It is this question, which the every chapter hereafter works to answer. Establishing a philosophy of living and explaining a global ecological crisis is a lofty goal. I should wa ...
... such a way that it threatens the possibility of human life on Earth what does this mean for the place of humans on Earth? It is this question, which the every chapter hereafter works to answer. Establishing a philosophy of living and explaining a global ecological crisis is a lofty goal. I should wa ...
Compendium of Yukon Climate Change Science
... western Arctic. All global climate models project continued increases in temperature and precipitation over the Canadian Arctic, with greatest temperature changes at higher latitudes. As a result, there will continue to be significant changes in the physical environment, particularly in the cryosphe ...
... western Arctic. All global climate models project continued increases in temperature and precipitation over the Canadian Arctic, with greatest temperature changes at higher latitudes. As a result, there will continue to be significant changes in the physical environment, particularly in the cryosphe ...
lakshadweep action plan on climate change
... 3.3.2.1 LAPCC and National Solar Mission .............................................................................................................. 102 3.3.2.2 LAPCC and National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency ................................................................... 104 3.3.2. ...
... 3.3.2.1 LAPCC and National Solar Mission .............................................................................................................. 102 3.3.2.2 LAPCC and National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency ................................................................... 104 3.3.2. ...
terminus behavior and response time of north cascade, washington
... Approximately half the North Cascade glaciers advanced during the 1950-1979 period (Hubley, 1956; Meier and Post, 1962). Advances of Mount Baker glaciers ranged from 120 m to 750 m, ana verage of 480 m, and ended in 1978 (Heikkinnen, 1984; Harper, 1993; Pelto, 1993). All 11 Glacier Peak glaciers tha ...
... Approximately half the North Cascade glaciers advanced during the 1950-1979 period (Hubley, 1956; Meier and Post, 1962). Advances of Mount Baker glaciers ranged from 120 m to 750 m, ana verage of 480 m, and ended in 1978 (Heikkinnen, 1984; Harper, 1993; Pelto, 1993). All 11 Glacier Peak glaciers tha ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.