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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMY OF ISRAEL Stanley Fischer
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMY OF ISRAEL Stanley Fischer

... liabilities corresponding to most of the non—equity financial assets owned by the private sector. Thu reserve requirement for the banks against foreign currency linked deposits is 90%; and the indexation provided by private institutions is based on their holdings of government indexed liabilities. T ...
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... and prices are not completely flexible, an activist monetary and fiscal policy to counteract private demand swings is likely to do more harm than good. Plank 4: ...
Stimulus without Debt - Alfred Lerner College of Business and
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... For example, if the FOMC decided on a transfer of $100 billion to the Treasury this year, then Congress could enact a $100 billion fiscal stimulus without any additional borrowing by the Treasury. Note the contrast with a standard fiscal-monetary stimulus of $100 billion which would require the Tre ...
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Macroeconomics in Russia - The University of Chicago Booth

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... this is possible depends on the elasticities of demand and supply. Generally, the more elastic (inelastic) demand is, the more difficult (easier) it is for the firm to pass the tax burden to the consumer. In contrast, the more inelastic (elastic) supply is, the more difficult (easier) it is to pass ...
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This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research
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... The money supply is also thought to play a major role in determining moderate levels of inflation, although there are differences of opinion on how important it is. For example, Monetarist economists believe that the link is very strong; Keynesian economics, by contrast, typically emphasize the role ...
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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OPTIMAL MONETARY GROWTH WITH ACCOMODATING FISCAL POLICY

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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